A case study investigating the effects of EDTA washing and amendments on trace metal-contaminated soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl ◽  
Christoph Sebastian Noller ◽  
Rebecca Hood-Nowotny ◽  
Andrea Watzinger
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Guideline Values

<p>Trace metals emissions show a sustaining decrease in western Europe since several decades. Sources like leaded fuels have been banned and the use of efficient flue gas cleaning systems have reduced industrial emissions significantly. But trace metal additions are cumulative, and the contamination is permanent. Immobilizing trace metals can be an efficient and cost effective way to prevent groundwater contamination and uptake in the food chain but cannot account for all exposure pathways (e.g. ingestion), while guideline values are only concerned about total concentrations. Soil washing techniques comprise an enormous potential for the efficient and sustainable extraction of trace metals from contaminated soils. The Garden Soil Project is a case study investigating the effect of soil amendments applied after a new ex-situ soil washing procedure (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) from a Cd-, Pb-, Zn-contaminated Cambisol from Arnoldstein, located at a former lead mining and smelting region in Austria.</p><p>To investigate the success of the EDTA soil washing and amendment application, an experimental garden was set up at the University Research Center (UFT) in Tulln an der Donau. It encompasses twelve raised beds of 1 m<sup>3</sup>, filled with three soil variants in four replicates: The contaminated, unwashed soil (U) and two washed variants (W), one amended with 2 %wt biochar and 2 %wt compost (A). The amendments aim to restore soil conditions after the invasive procedure. The success of the trace metal extraction and restoration of the original soil properties is investigated by analyzing vegetable cultivars grown on the soil variants, the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil in the course of 2 years. First results show a significant reduction in trace metal uptake by different vegetables after washing and an increase in biomass for both washed soil variants W and A. The continuing analysis of trace metals in soil leachates and multiple extractable fractions in soil will allow a more detailed assessment. Furthermore, an ongoing investigation of the carbon and nitrogen cycle, using stable isotopes, will be applied as an indicator for soil functions.</p>

Measurement of trace metal influx in plants: a case study with Co

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Reid ◽  
Juhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge ◽  
Broad Specificity

The analysis of transport systems involved in the uptake of trace metals in plants is complicated by technical difficulties associated with measurement of uptake and by the likely presence of multiple transporters with broad specificity. In this study, influx of Co was used to illustrate the problems involved and potential solutions. Issues surrounding kinetic descriptions of transport, multiple uptake systems, specificity of transporters, pH effects and the role of membrane surface charge in determining fluxes are addressed. A list of criteria for validation of flux measurements is provided.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation and Characterization of Trace Metals in Dry Camellia sinensis and Herbal Tea Marketed in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omowunmi H. Fred-Ahmadu ◽  
Adebusayo E. Adedapo ◽  
Mary O. Oloyede ◽  
Nsikak U. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Daily Consumption

Background. Trace metals from anthropogenic activities have been found to occur in tea brands and pose potential human health risks to consumers. Objectives. The present study assessed the concentrations of trace metals in green, black and herbal tea brands using a modified Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction method. Methods. Fifteen (15) Camellia sinensis and eight (8) herbal tea samples commonly consumed in Nigeria were collected and analyzed for trace metals. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) in extract fractions were analyzed using microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). Results. Trace metals were detected in all of the samples investigated. The concentrations of trace metals in 4 stages (soluble/exchangeable/carbonates bound fraction, reducible fraction, oxidizable fraction, residual fraction) of sequential and pseudo-total metal extraction procedures are presented. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in the exchangeable/carbonate bound fraction for green tea ranged between 0.27–1.47, ND-0.33, ND-0.44, 7.05–33.04, 0.23–0.69, ND-0.51, ND-0.16 and 0.18–1.99 mg/kg, ND-0.73, 0.15–0.36, 0.36–0.59, 1.38–30.07, 0.15–0.54, 0.05–0.76, 0.15–0.34 and 0.27–0.77 mg/kg and 0.54–0.64, 0.25–0.41, 0.35–0.47, 18.72–23.98, 0.30–0.55, 0.15–0.21, 0.15–0.23 and 0.30–0.48 mg/kg for hebal tea, respectively. Conclusion. The metal content in the investigated tea indicated low to enhanced concentrations. Locally produced black teas recorded relatively low trace metal contents compared to the green and herbal tea samples. The most bioavailable trace metal was Mn, while Zn was most preferably bound to the residual fraction. Cadmium, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and V were distributed at varied concentrations among other extractable phases. Daily consumption of the investigated tea products may expose consumers to potentially toxic metals as well as essential elements. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols in Singapore: insight from black carbon fragments and trace metal ions detected by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura-Hélèna Rivellini ◽  
Max G. Adam ◽  
Nethmi Kasthuriarachchi ◽  
Alex K. Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Soot Particle ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Trace Metal Ions ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. Understanding sources and atmospheric processes that can influence the physio-chemical properties of carbonaceous aerosols are essential to evaluate their impacts on air quality and climate. However, resolving the sources, emission characteristics and aging processes of carbonaceous aerosols in complex urban environments remain challenging. In this work, a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to characterize organic aerosols (OA), refractory BC (rBC) and trace metals in Singapore, a highly urbanized city with multiple local and regional air pollution sources in the tropical region. rBC (C1+–C9+) fragments and trace metals ions (K+, Na+, Ni+, V+ and Rb+) were integrated into our positive matrix factorization of OA. Two types of fossil fuel combustion-related OA with different degree of oxygenation were identified. This work provides evidence that over 90 % of rBC was originated from local combustion sources with ~ 30 % of them associated with the fresh secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced under the influences of industrial emissions during daytime. The results also show that ~ 43 % of the total rBC was emitted from local traffic, and the rest of rBC fraction due to multiple sources, including vehicular, shipping and industrial emissions, being not fully resolved. There was only a weak association between the cooking-related OA component and rBC. Although there was no observable biomass burning episode during the sampling period, tracers for biomass burning, K+ and Rb+, were mainly associated with the more-oxidized oxygenated OA component (~ 32 % of the total OA), indicating significant contributions of regional biomass burning emissions to this aged OA component. Furthermore, the aerosol pollutants transported from the industrial area and shipping ports gave higher C1+/C3+ and V+/Ni+ ratios than those associated with traffic and biomass burning. The observed association between Na+ and rBC suggests that the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to total particulate sodium should not be ignored in coastal urban environments. Overall, this work demonstrates that rBC fragments and trace metal ions can improve our understanding on the sources, emissions characteristics and aging history of carbonaceous aerosol (OA and rBC) in this type of complex urban environments.

Evaluation of Mitigation Methods to Manage Contaminant Transfer in Urban Watersheds

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brydon ◽  
Iwata Oh ◽  
Julie Wilson ◽  
Ken Hall ◽  
Hans Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Benthic Organism ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Three case studies on trace metal contamination in urban stormwater are presented from the Greater Vancouver area of British Columbia. In the first case study, the spatial and temporal variability in trace metals in sediments were determined in the completely urbanized Brunette watershed. A natural lake in the middle of the watershed acts as a sediment detention system, and an analysis of the sediment core showed the historic accumulation of metal and selective organic contaminants in sediments since the early 1800s. Suspended sediments transported during storm events showed significantly higher concentrations of trace metals than bedload sediments, and the largest proportion of the geochemically active metals was found to be associated with the organic-sulphur-based fraction. Benthic organism survival tests showed mixed results with lower survival and growth in urban sediments than in control sediments from a forested watershed. In the second case study, significant correlations were obtained between percent impervious cover and trace metal concentrations in 28 subwatersheds with various degrees of urbanization. It is shown that imperviousness combined with traffic density can significantly improve the prediction of metal contamination in highly urbanized watersheds. In the third case study five urban stormwater detention systems were examined over one year to determine how effective these systems were in removing metal contamination. The results were highly variable depending on a wide range of physical conditions, land use activities, traffic volume, and detention system designs. The range of total metal detention was between −15 to +72% for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), while iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) retention was generally poor. Labile Zn was more effectively retained in four of the five ponds, and a significant relationship was found between percent imperviousness, traffic volume, and Zn concentrations in water, sediment, and labile form.

scholarly journals Evaluating Landscape Attractiveness with Geospatial Data, a Case Study in Flanders, Belgium

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Astrid Vannoppen ◽  
Jeroen Degerickx ◽  
Anne Gobin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Quality

Attractive landscapes are diverse and resilient landscapes that provide a multitude of essential ecosystem services. The development of landscape policy to protect and improve landscape attractiveness, thereby ensuring the provision of ecosystem services, is ideally adapted to region specific landscape characteristics. In addition, trends in landscape attractiveness may be linked to certain policies, or the absence of policies over time. A spatial and temporal evaluation of landscape attractiveness is thus desirable for landscape policy development. In this paper, landscape attractiveness was spatially evaluated for Flanders (Belgium) using landscape indicators derived from geospatial data as a case study. Large local differences in landscape quality in (i) rural versus urban areas and (ii) between the seven agricultural regions in Flanders were found. This observed spatial variability in landscape attractiveness demonstrated that a localized approach, considering the geophysical characteristics of each individual region, would be required in the development of landscape policy to improve landscape quality in Flanders. Some trends in landscape attractiveness were related to agriculture in Flanders, e.g., a slight decrease in total agricultural area, decrease in dominance of grassland, maize and cereals, a decrease in crop diversity, sharp increase in the adoption of agri-environmental agreements (AEA) and a decrease in bare soil conditions in winter. The observed trends and spatial variation in landscape attractiveness can be used as a tool to support policy analysis, assess the potential effects of future policy plans, identify policy gaps and evaluate past landscape policy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the energy consumption of container diesel trucks in a container terminal: A case study at Klaipeda port

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110355
Author(s):  
Tomas Eglynas ◽  
Sergej Jakovlev ◽  
Valdas Jankunas ◽  
Rimantas Didziokas ◽  
Jolanta Januteniene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Transportation Process ◽  
Diesel Trucks

Introduction: In the paper, we examine the energy consumption efficiency of specialized container diesel trucks engaged in container transportation at a seaport terminal. Objectives: Using the container terminal at Klaipėda in Lithuania as the background for the research, we produced an improved energy consumption model for measuring the theoretical energy consumption and regeneration of diesel trucks at the terminal and provide a comparative analysis. Methods: We created a mathematical model which describes the instantaneous energy consumption of the diesel trucks, taking into account their dynamic properties and the overall geometry of their routes—“Ship-Truck-Stack-Ship”—using the superposition principle. We investigated other critical parameters relevant to the model and provide a statistical evaluation of the transportation process using data from a case study of Klaipėda port, where we collected measurements of container transportation parameters using georeferenced movement detection and logs from wireless equipment positioned on the diesel-powered container trucks. Results: The modeling results showed that an instantaneous evaluation of energy consumption can reveal areas in the container transportation process which have the highest energy loss and require the introduction of new management and process control initiatives to address the regulations which are designed to decrease harmful industrial emissions and encourage novel technologies and thereby increase the eco-friendliness of existing systems. Conclusion: Based on the research results, the article can provide a reference for the estimation of diesel truck efficiency in seaport terminal operations.

scholarly journals Marine ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria occupy distinct iron and copper niches

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana T. Shafiee ◽  
Poppy J. Diver ◽  
Joseph T. Snow ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Rosalind E. M. Rickaby
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Additional Explanation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea

AbstractAmmonia oxidation by archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB), is the first step of nitrification in the oceans. As AOA have an ammonium affinity 200-fold higher than AOB isolates, the chemical niche allowing AOB to persist in the oligotrophic ocean remains unclear. Here we show that marine isolates, Nitrosopumilus maritimus strain SCM1 (AOA) and Nitrosococcus oceani strain C-107 (AOB) have contrasting physiologies in response to the trace metals iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), holding potential implications for their niche separation in the oceans. A greater affinity for unchelated Fe may allow AOB to inhabit shallower, euphotic waters where ammonium supply is high, but competition for Fe is rife. In contrast to AOB, AOA isolates have a greater affinity and toxicity threshold for unchelated Cu providing additional explanation to the greater success of AOA in the marine environment where Cu availability can be highly variable. Using comparative genomics, we predict that the proteomic and metal transport basis giving rise to contrasting physiologies in isolates is widespread across phylogenetically diverse marine AOA and AOB that are not yet available in pure culture. Our results develop the testable hypothesis that ammonia oxidation may be limited by Cu in large tracts of the open ocean and suggest a relatively earlier emergence of AOB than AOA when considered in the context of evolving trace metal availabilities over geologic time.

scholarly journals A Mineralogical Museum as a Geotourism Attraction: A Case Study

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Magner Turner-Carrión ◽  
Paúl Carrión-Mero ◽  
Israel Turner-Salamea ◽  
Fernando Morante-Carballo ◽  
Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Semiquantitative Evaluation ◽  
Additional Value

The Zaruma-Portovelo mining district in Ecuador, and in particular, Portovelo City, is home to the oldest mining museum in the country. This museum, named Museo Mineralógico Magner Turner (MMMT in Spanish), is a centre that reflects, through its collections, the history and culture of this territory. This work aimed to evaluate the MMMT as a possible geosite by analysing its contributions to the geomining heritage of the Zaruma-Portovelo district, and thus, to enhance it and promote its collections as a geotouristic attraction. The work involved three phases: (i) describing the museum and its surroundings; (ii) a semiquantitative evaluation of the museum using the Brilha method and a geosites assessment model (GAM); and (iii) a qualitative evaluation using the Delphi and SWOT methodologies to define strategies and proposals for museum development. The results obtained by the semiquantitative evaluation of the geosite with the Brilha method reflect high scientific (330/400), educational (380/400) and touristic (365/400) appeal. The applied GAM shows the museum as a geosite with high principal and additional value, placing it in the Z33 field of the global valuation matrix. In addition, the semiquantitative and qualitative evaluation made it possible to describe the importance of the museum and its collections in the development of the area. The study carried out qualified the museum as a mining site with an appropriate valuation, an example of ex-situ geological heritage conservation and a basis for geotourism development.

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