scholarly journals Analysis of Trace Metal Contamination in Pahang River and Kelantan River, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 04003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norpadzlihatun Manap ◽  
Kavitha Sandirasegaran ◽  
Noor Shahifah Syahrom ◽  
Amnorzahira Amir
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Negative Impacts

The primary objective of this study is to determine trace metal contamination in environmental samples obtained from Pahang River and Kelantan River, Malaysia which may help to identify the risk of sustainable dredging in these areas. This research also proceeds to compare the trace metal concentration with the National Water Quality Standards of Malaysia, Interim Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines and Malaysian Food Act 1983 to determine its limits and risks. Samples of water, sediment, snails and fishes were collected and analyzed for As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Hg by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was found that the concentration of trace metals namely As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in river water, sediment, snail and fish samples in Pahang River were lower than the maximum allowable limits, except for Fe and Mn. In Kelantan River, the concentration of trace metals indicating that it is contaminated with Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, and As as all trace metals exceeded the maximum allowable limits. Negative impacts may arise, and the river may contaminate more in future if there is no proper management to tackle this issue during execution of dredging activities.

scholarly journals Aquatic Plant Trapa natans L. as Bioindicator of Trace Metal Contamination in a Freshwater Lake (Skadar Lake, Montenegro)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Petrović ◽  
Dejan Jančić ◽  
Martina Furdek ◽  
Nevenka Mikac ◽  
Slađana Krivokapić
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
National Park ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Trapa Natans

Abstract Skadar Lake is the largest shallow lake in southeastern Europe. It is located within a national park, and is included in the Ramsar List of international important wetlands, so its preservation and protection from pollution is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate bioaccumulation of the ecotoxic metals Cd, Pb and Cr from sediments of Skadar Lake in the aquatic macrophyte Trapa natans L. Samples of sediment and plants were collected at nine locations covering all major water inputs to the lake as well as locations where contamination could be expected. The obtained results indicate that sediments from the Skadar Lake are only locally contaminated with Cd (0.03–1.18 mg kg−1), generally contaminated with Cr (15.8–180 mg kg−1), the concentrations of both elements frequently exceeding sediment quality guidelines, while concentrations of Pb were low (2.7–17.4 mg kg−1). The highest bioaccumulation of all metals from sediment to Trapa natans L. was observed in the root, with accumulation efficiency decreasing in the order Cd > Cr > Pb. Translocation from root to stem was also higher for Cd than for Cr and Pb, while the translocation from stem to leaf was comparable for all three metals. From the three investigated metals Cd showed the highest mobility. The results indicate that Trapa natans L. may be a very promising bioindicator of trace metal contamination in Skadar Lake.

A suitable model for the biomonitoring of trace metal bioavailabilities in estuarine sediments: the annelid polychaete Nereis diversicolor

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Poirier ◽  
Brigitte Berthet ◽  
Jean-Claude Amiard ◽  
Anne-Yvonne Jeantet ◽  
Claude Amiard-Triquet
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Nereis Diversicolor ◽  
Total Sediment

The need to use biomonitors representative of the sedimentary compartment has been recognized, particularly in estuaries. Thus, trace metal contamination has been monitored in an infaunal polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor and sediments in the Seine estuary and comparatively in the relatively clean Authie estuary (French coast of the English Channel) over two years taking samples every three months at both sites. No correlations were shown between total metal (Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) concentrations in raw sediments and ragworms. Because these worms are known to be good biomonitors of the bioavailabilities of sedimentary trace metals, it follows that total sediment metal concentrations have a poor predictive ecotoxicological value. Using a correction factor to minimize the influence of weight, it is possible to make a good estimation of the average metal concentrations in a population of worms at a given site, sampling only a limited number of specimens. Metallothioneins are often considered to be good biomarkers of the presence of significant availabilities of trace metals. Metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs) are present in N. diversicolor, but there is no significant relationship between MTLPs and metal concentrations. This situation might result from the importance of metal-containing granules, both extra- and intracellular, in ragworms.

Trace metals as tracers of dredging activity in Cleveland Bay — field and laboratory studies

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Reichelt ◽  
GB Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Acid Leach ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Copper Zinc

This study has investigated in detail trace metal concentrations in Cleveland Bay in the central Great Barrier Reef and assessed the significant carrier phases of several metals during a simulated disturbance of sediments designed to investigate the effects of dredging. Organic, iron oxide and carbonate phases were shown to be important carrier phases for several trace metals. The application of an acid-leach technique to monitor labile or pollutant concentrations of copper, zinc, lead and nickel in sediments collected from coral reefs sampled before and after two dredging events in 1991 yielded useful information on the fate of dredged sediment. Trace metal contamination close inshore was attributed to port activities, sewage discharge and urbanization.

scholarly journals Farmland Trace Metal Contamination and Management Model—Model Development and a Case Study in Central Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10066
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yi Yang ◽  
Sheng-Kung Chen ◽  
Jiun-Shiuan Wang ◽  
Chih-Jen Lu ◽  
Hung-Yu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Central Taiwan

In this study, the water quality of the irrigation system and concentration of trace metals in the sediments were combined to establish a farmland trace metal contamination and management model (FTM_CMM). The purpose of this model was to clarify the main sources of the trace metals that have caused the contamination of paddy soil in central Taiwan. The results of the model simulation showed that the trace metals in the paddy soil mainly came from the irrigation water and especially from the sediments in the irrigation channels. The contribution of the sediments in the irrigation channel to the individual trace metals in the paddy soil ranged from 56% to 72% as the contributions for Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were 72%, 68%, 56%, and 62%, respectively. The trace metal species according to their concentration in the contaminated soil ranked in the order of Zn > Cr ≈ Cu > Ni, which is about the same as in the channel sediment. During the simulation process, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn exceeded the control standards for farmlands in the 18th, 12th, 13th, and 17th years, respectively. This highlights that, in addition to the management of irrigation water quality, the management of trace metal contaminated sediment in adjacent canal irrigation systems is also an important part of the prevention of trace metal contamination in farmland.

Silicon Cleaning Methods Compared at Metal Concentrations Below 1E10 atoms/cm2

1999 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ilardi ◽  
Rajananda Saraswati ◽  
George Schwartzkopf
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Wafer Surface ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contamination Levels

AbstractAn alkaline aqueous silicon wafer cleaner has been developed which reduces trace metal contamination levels on “p-type” unpatterned silicon wafers to below 1E10 atoms/cm2 without acidic cleaning. This patented technology uses a specially formulated buffering system consisting of an oxidation resistant chelating agent and salt of a weak acid. The aqueous cleaner maintains a stable pH of about 9.5 over a wide range of dilutions, temperatures, hydrogen peroxide concentrations and bath aging times. A single-step bath, megasonic bath or spray clean with this formulation leaves the chemical oxide on the silicon wafer surface free of particles, atomically smooth, free of organics and lower in trace metal contamination levels than similar surfaces cleaned with conventional formulations.An analytical method was developed which allows the reliable detection of trace metals on silicon wafer surfaces down to 1E8 atoms/cm2 for aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, nickel, sodium and zinc. The procedure uses an ICP-MS with a concentric nebulizer and a desolvator. The acids used were ultrapure to keep the blanks to a very minimum and analyses were run in a class 10 clean room. The trace metals on the wafer were extracted using known amounts of ultrapure acids and were directly aspirated using a special arrangement with the concentric nebulizer. The J.T. Baker cleaner was compared to and outperformed the conventional RCA-1&2 clean and dilute RCA-1&2 chemistries using ultrapure ammonium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide.

scholarly journals BIOINDICATION OF TRACE METAL POLLUTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF BAKU CITY USING LIGUSTRUM JAPONICUM, OLEA EUROPEA, AND PYRACANTHA COCCINEA LEAVES

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa Youssef ◽  
Bernd Markert ◽  
Elshad Gurbanov ◽  
Haciyeva Sevnic ◽  
Simone Wünschmann
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Trace Metal Pollution ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Pyracantha Coccinea

The leaves of Ligustrum japonicum (Oleaceae), Olea europaea (Oleaceae), and Pyracantha coccinea (Rosaceae) were evaluated with the aim of using them as bioindicators for trace metal contamination in Baku city, Azerbaijan, one of the most highly polluted cities worldwide. These species of trees are the most abundant in urban and rural areas of Azerbaijan, because of high tolerance against climatic influences due to their modesty and adaptability. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were determined in the leaves by AAS method. The samples were collected at three locations with different degrees of trace metal pollution (industrial, high traffic, and reference [botanical garden] site). The highest element concentrations were detected at sites of high traffic. Up to 70 times higher Pb concentrations could be found in the leaves of the trees that reflect the known Pb problem around Baku. The results presented give a first impression of a correlation between the degree of trace metal contamination in the environment and the trace metal concentration in the leaves of L. japonicum and O. europaea

Method of Detecting Trace Metal Contamination in Thick-Film SOI Device

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Goto ◽  
Hiroomi Eguchi ◽  
Masaru Iida
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Trace Metal Elements ◽  
Output Characteristics

Abstract In the automotive IC using thick-film silicon on insulator (SOI) semiconductor device, if the gettering capability of a SOI wafer is inadequate, electrical characteristics degradation by metal contamination arises and the yield falls. At this time, an automotive IC was made experimentally for evaluation of the gettering capability as one of the purposes. In this IC, one of the output characteristics varied from the standard, therefore failure analysis was performed, which found trace metal elements as one of the causes. By making full use of 3D perspective, it is possible to fabricate a site-specific sample into 0.1 micrometre in thickness without missing a failure point that has very minute quantities of contaminant in a semiconductor device. Using energy dispersive X-ray, it is possible to detect trace metal contamination at levels 1E12 atoms per sq cm. that are conventionally detected only by trace element analysis.

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