scholarly journals Performance of constructed wetlands with different substrates for the treated effluent from municipal sewage plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Shiwei ◽  
Jing Zhaoqian ◽  
Yuan Peng ◽  
Wang Yue ◽  
Wang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Plastic Ring ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Proper Operation ◽  
Conducive Environment

Abstract Constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective as an advanced treatment process for the treated effluent of municipal wastewater plants. An appropriate substrate, suitable macrophytes, and proper operation are crucial for pollutant abatement. In this research, three subsurface flow CWs with various substrates were investigated. Pollutants abatement efficiency under various operational schemes were analyzed. The results showed that the satisfactory hydraulic loading rate was 0.25 m3/(m2·d). When the C/N ratio of influent was adjusted to 5.87 by adding a carbon source, the denitrification and dephosphorization efficiency would be improved, with 7–8 mg/L for total nitrogen (TN) and 0.4 mg/L for total phosphorus (TP) in the effluent, which can achieve the Class 1A Discharge Standard for discharge to natural waterways in China. A greater depth of submersion for the substrate layer resulted in a more conducive environment for the abatement of nitrogen substances. However, a 40-cm depth of submersion in CWs results in better removal efficiency of TN and TP. A plastic ring substrate (PRS) contains biological enzyme promoter formula, which was conducive to nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The biofilm affinity and coordination with plants made the PRS more effective than the other two substrates, especially for NO3–-N and TN abatement efficiency.

Treatment of municipal wastewater using horizontal flow constructed wetlands in Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohair I. Abou-Elela ◽  
G. Golinelli ◽  
Abdou Saad El-Tabl ◽  
Mohammed S. Hellal
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two pilot horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCWs) with and without vegetation. Three types of plants namely Canna, Phragmites australis and Cyprus papyrus were used. The surface area of each plant was 654 m2. The flow rate was 20 m3 d−1 and the organic loading rate range was 1.7–3.4 kg BOD d−1 with a detention time of 11 days. The results obtained showed that planted HFCW produced high quality effluent in terms of reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD; 88%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD; 91%) and total suspended solids (TSS; 92%) as well as nutrient removal. In addition, 4 logs of total coliform were removed from the planted unit compared with only 3 logs in the unplanted one. The phosphate uptake by the plants reached 29, 30.91 and 38.9 g P m−2 for Canna, Phragmites and Cyprus, respectively, with 60% removal rate in the treated effluent. The nitrogen uptake by the same plants reached 63.1, 49.46 and 82.33 g N m−2. Although, the unplanted unit proved to be efficient in the removal of COD, BOD and TSS, it lacks efficiency in pathogen and nutrient removal. The reclaimed wastewater, after disinfection, could be reused for non-restricted irrigation purposes.

Disinfection capacity of seven constructed wetlands and ponds

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2111-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rühmland ◽  
M. Barjenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treatment Stage

The disinfection performance of three subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF), a free-water surface-constructed wetland and three ponds were investigated. They functioned as advanced treatment stage following treatment in a large municipal wastewater treatment plant equipped with nutrient removal. Despite low influent concentrations of 103.9/100 mL, Escherichia coli underwent a reduction of 1.7 (ditch) to 2.3 (sandy loamy SSF) orders of magnitude. After passing through these treatment plants E. coli was lowered sufficiently to within the permitted levels thus allowing it to be used in drip irrigation of fruits and vegetables. The change of seasons and hydraulic loading (in the range of 50–150 mm/day) as well as short-term overloadings did not impact the effluents' quality.

Reclamation of Municipal Wastewater

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma A. El-Gohary ◽  
Sohair I. Abo-Elela ◽  
H. M. El-Kamah
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Stage Scheme ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

The feasibility of applying direct advanced treatment to municipal wastewater has been investigated. A. two-stage scheme was implemented. The first stage was direct chemical coagulation of primary effluent using different coagulants to remove suspended solids and reduce the carbon to nitrogen ratio to a range suitable for nitrification. The second stage was biological sand-bed to oxidize ammonia to nitrate. The pilot plant was designed to treat 6m3/day. The results obtained showed that chemical coagulation using ferric chloride gave high quality effluent suitable for agricultural purposes. Nitrification of the 2 chemically treated effluent using sand-bed at an overflow rate of 1.358 m3/m2/d completely eliminated ammonia. Almost complete removal of suspended solids was achieved. Residual COD and BOD values were 45 mg/l and 15,5 mg/l, respectively. Fish biotoxicity was completely eliminated after nitrification process.

Constructed wetlands and sand filter applied as onsite post-treatment of anaerobic effluent

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Sezerino ◽  
A. P. Bento ◽  
S. T. Decezaro ◽  
E. Carissimi ◽  
L. S. Philippi
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
One Year ◽  
System 1

This paper evaluates constructed wetlands and sand filter technologies applied as onsite post-treatment of anaerobic effluent, under environmental conditions of Southern Brazil. Three different onsite systems were evaluated, as follow: onsite system 1 (septic tank – ST followed by horizontal flow constructed wetlands – HFCW) with five years operation; onsite system 2 (ST followed by sand filter – SF) with three years operation and onsite system 3 (anaerobic pond – AP followed by vertical flow constructed wetland – VFCW) with one year operation. HFCW shows an average potential removal of 82, 84, 16, 50 and 90% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NH4+-N, PO43−-P and SS, respectively. Clogging phenomena occurred in the HFCW after three years operations with an average of 11 gSS m−2 d−1 loading rate applied. SF shows an average potential removal of 83, 88, 73, 76 and 88% of COD, BOD, NH4+-N, PO43−-P and SS, respectively. VFCH shows an average potential removal of 72, 80, and 71% of COD, NH4+-N, and SS, respectively, and also a very good nitrification (25 mgNO3−-N L−1 in the treated effluent) considering the high average COD loading rate (41 gCOD m−2 d−1) and average SS loading rate (15 gSS m−2 d−1) applied.

BAS Municipal Wastewater Advanced Treatment Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 638-644
Author(s):  
Qi Wu ◽  
Qian Wu Song ◽  
Le Yong Jiang ◽  
Jin Guo Dai ◽  
Hong Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Tai Lake ◽  
Adsorption Technology ◽  
Ceramic Filtration

BAS (Biochemical Adsorption Separation) process is a kind of municipal wastewater advanced treatment process which could treat municipal wastewater directly to meet the Ⅳ class of surface water standard. BAS process integrated by 4 technologies: (1) high elastic cilia filler biochemical treatment technology, (2) effluent from the facultative oxygen zone technology, (3) AZ - 01 ammonia nitrogen adsorption technology and (4) active ceramic filtration technology. The effluent quality of BAS process could reach CODCr≤30mg/L, BOD5≤6mg/L, TP≤0.3mg/L, TN≤1.5mg/L and SS≤1.5mg/L. BAS process has the advantages of easy operation, stable treatment effect, little construction and low operation cost. It is suitable use in our country special sensitive area such as Tai Lake, Dian Chi, etc. and some area which requires higher water quality.

TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE BY THE COMBINATION OF ANAEROBIC AND FACULTATIVE TREATMENT PROCESS - A CASE STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094
Author(s):  
Sudheer Kumar Shukla ◽  
Prerana Tripathi ◽  
Mukesh Pandey ◽  
Amit Dubey ◽  
Misra Shiv Mangal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Municipal Sewage

Joint Treatment of Industrial and Municipal Wastewater – Case Project: City of Kotka, Finland

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Pentti Väänänen ◽  
Pekka Pouttu ◽  
Timo Kulmala
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
National Board ◽  
The City ◽  
Joint Treatment

The National Board of Waters in Finland has proposed a study on the joint treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters of the City of Kotka. This study is of great interest due to the large forest products industry and food industry in Kotka. All of the wastewaters from the forest products and the food industry and the municipal sewage have been found to be suitable for biological treatment, which makes the joint treatment applicable. An activated sludge process is selected because it takes advantage of the large amount of nutrients in the municipal sewage and it has proved to be the most efficient treatment method for forest industry wastewaters. However, municipal wastewater contains more nutrients than needed for the biological process, which can cause eutrophication problems in the watercourse. To reduce the pollution caused by the nutrients, chemical treatment of the wastewater is also proposed in the joint treatment. It was concluded that the joint treatment of wastewater is economically, technically and environmentally the best way to arrange wastewater treatment for the industry and the city.

Activated sludge plant facing grape harvest period – a case study

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chudoba ◽  
R. Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Sludge Settleability

Most of municipal activated sludge plants located in wine production regions receive winery wastewaters during the grape harvest period which lasts usually only a few weeks. A drastic increase in organic pollution (COD, BOD) during this period generates a temporary overloading, resulting very often in biological problems such as decreased sludge settleability, sludge floc disintegration, increased SS concentration in treated effluent and in the worst case a complete plant failure. In order to work satisfactorily even during those temporary overloading periods, the plant has to be oversized. This strategy is rather costly, because such a plant has to run below its nominal capacity during a major part of the year. An original solution has been proposed and successfully tested at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Eguisheim, France. The proposed technique is based on the addition of a mineral material with a low particle size, whose presence positively influences the physical behaviour of the sludge and will allow the nominal capacity of the plant to be surpassed without any important modification. The modification of the sludge structure around the added powdered material improved significantly the sludge settleability (DSVI< 160 ml/g) and enabled the plant to treat organic pollution several times higher than the nominal level.

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