Assessment of the Potential for in Situ Biotreatment of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Morgan ◽  
Robert J. Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Analysis ◽  
Low Concentrations

Enhanced insitu biotreatment is a recent technology for the cleanup of contaminated soil and ground water but it has not yet been tested for many contaminants. This report describes the assessment of three hydrocarbon-contaminated sites, one contaminated with crude oil, one with lubricating oil and one with gasoline, with respect to their potential for biotreatment. All locations were permeable, sandy soils which contained low concentrations of extractable inorganic macronutrients. Degradative microbial populations were present, although their numbers were reduced in the most highly contaminated portions of the soil. Hydrocarbon analysis demonstrated that vertical penetration of contaminants into the soil was poor for the crude oil but had occurred at the other sites. There was some evidence that biodegradation at the crude and lubricating oil-contaminated sites may have occurred. The available data suggested that biotreatment of the lubricating and gasoline-contaminated sites by the provision of inorganic nutrients and oxygen to the soils might prove viable. However, it was found that the addition of inorganic nutrients resulted in an inhibition of mineralisation in the soils.

scholarly journals Microbial Population Dynamics Associated with Crude-Oil Biodegradation in Diverse Soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 6316-6324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuko Hamamura ◽  
Sarah H. Olson ◽  
David M. Ward ◽  
William P. Inskeep
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alkane Degradation

ABSTRACT Soil bacterial population dynamics were examined in several crude-oil-contaminated soils to identify those organisms associated with alkane degradation and to assess patterns in microbial response across disparate soils. Seven soil types obtained from six geographically distinct areas of the United States (Arizona, Oregon, Indiana, Virginia, Oklahoma, and Montana) were used in controlled contamination experiments containing 2% (wt/wt) crude oil spiked with [1-14C]hexadecane. Microbial populations present during hydrocarbon degradation were analyzed using both 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and by traditional methods for cultivating hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. After a 50-day incubation, all seven soils showed comparable hydrocarbon depletion, where >80% of added crude oil was depleted and approximately 40 to 70% of added [14C]hexadecane was converted to 14CO2. However, the initial rates of hydrocarbon depletion differed up to 10-fold, and preferential utilization of shorter-chain-length n-alkanes relative to longer-chain-length n-alkanes was observed in some soils. Distinct microbial populations developed, concomitant with crude-oil depletion. Phylogenetically diverse bacterial populations were selected across different soils, many of which were identical to hydrocarbon-degrading isolates obtained from the same systems (e.g., Nocardioides albus, Collimonas sp., and Rhodococcus coprophilus). In several cases, soil type was shown to be an important determinant, defining specific microorganisms responding to hydrocarbon contamination. However, similar Rhodococcus erythropolis-like populations were observed in four of the seven soils and were the most common hydrocarbon-degrading organisms identified via cultivation.

Clean-up of contaminated sites: experiences in the netherlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Rulkens ◽  
A. Honders
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Gasoline Hydrocarbons ◽  
In Situ Methods

The number of more or less strongly contaminated sites in the Netherlands amounts to about 100,000. For more than ten years soil treatment techniques have been developed and used to clean-up those contaminated sites. The major clean-up techniques for excavated soil are extraction/wet classification, thermal treatment and biological treatment by landfarming. With extraction/wet classification experience is available with the treatment of sandy soils with a clay or humus percentage of less than 20%. The type of pollutants which have been removed with extraction/classification varies strongly: PAH, hydrocarbons, mineral oil, cyanides, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni. With thermal treatment, experience is available with all types of soil, contaminated with cyanides, PAH, mineral oil, hydrocarbons, gasoline and HCH. With landfarming, experience is limited to the treatment of sandy soils polluted with easily biodegradable components such as gasoline hydrocarbons, low molecular PAH and mineral oil. Up to now more than 4,000,000 tonnes of soil have been treated with these methods. The major in situ clean-up methods are liquid extraction, soil vapour extraction and biorestoration. However, in comparison with the clean-up of excavated soils the practical experience with these in situ methods is still limited. Research and development is still going on and is especially focused on the improvement of the clean-up techniques for excavated soil, and the improvement and further development of in situ treatment techniques, especially in situ biorestoration.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL FROM PETROL BUNK AT SOUTHEAST BANGALORE.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Sahu ◽  
Rahul Nemani ◽  
Prangya Prangya Acharya ◽  
Rupali Sinha ◽  
Subhranil Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The isolation of oil contaminated sites and gravimetric analysis of degradation in which, two bacterial formed maximum clearing zones on minerals salt medium. An increase in cell number indicating that the bacterial isolation was responsible for the oil degradation .the collected oil contaminated sites at kormongala, Indra nagar, MTTC culture , micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., pseudomonas spp., which are able to utilize the oil in soil as carbon sources, were added to oil contaminated soil sample , the growth profiles were determined by monitoring the optical density, dry weight and Ph of the culture utilizing lubricating oil as sole sources of carbon, Bushnell  Haas media supplemented with petrol, kerosene and diesel as sole carbon sources was used for isolation of bacteria capable of degrading these petroleum fractionates. From three soil sample and two water sample, a total of nine bacterial strains were isolated capable of degrading petrol, kerosene and diesel with varying tolerance capacities, the isolates were identify by using standard biochemical test and morphological studies and it was determined that these strains belong to six bacterial genera .the present study suggest that the isolated bacterial species could be employed for bioremediation in environment polluted with petroleum and its products, indigenously from the soil and water contaminated with crude oil in the vicinity of oil drilling well were found to be most efficient crude oil utilize as turbidity observed by spectrophotometrically. In the various study of lipolytic bacteria concluded that the taken of oil contaminated soil from from petroleum bunk and to identify their biochemical characterization by using various sources. How it’s helpful for characterize by using of lipolytic bacteria

scholarly journals Nitrate Reducing and Denitrifying Bacteria in Oil/Brine Contaminated Soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
Samer AbuBakr
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Available Nitrogen

Soil microorganisms are a fundamental part of biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen. Denitrification is an important component of nitrogen cycling, in which some microorganisms (e.g. denitrifying bacteria) use nitrate or nitrite as alternative electron acceptors. In fact, several studies have focused on various aspects of nitrogen cycling. Philippot et al. (2009) linked the distribution of the fraction of bacteria with the genetic capacity to reduce N2O to N2 to areas with low potential N2O emissions in a pasture. In addition, it was shown that a map of denitrification activity across a whole farm was reflected by maps displaying the community size and structure of a specific fraction of the denitrifyers at the site (Enwall et al., 2010). Since denitrification releases mineralized nitrogen in the soil ecosystem to the atmosphere, the balance between denitrification and N-fixation can determine the biologically available nitrogen for soils. Denitrification could be affected by soil ecosystem contaminants such as crude oil and brine as they may alter the abundance and species composition of denitrifying bacteria in predictable ways. For example, γ-Proteobacteria are known to increase in crude-oil contaminated sites and in fact, a wide diversity of γ-Proteobacteria including Pseudomonas and Vibrio species were shown to degrade hydrocarbons under nitrate reducing (NR) conditions (Rockne et al., 2000). Other studies showed that strains for several genera of γ-Proteobacteria have the ability to denitrify. In fact, it was shown that nitrate and nitrite reduction rates were increasingly inhibited at increasing NaCl concentrations when comparing treatment of fishery wastewaters. Bacterial diversity in brine-contaminated sites is expected to be less because of selection for salt-tolerant genera such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas.

IN SITU SOIL FLUSHING - STUDIES ON REMEDIATION EFFICIENCY OF POLLUTED SANDY SOILS WITH ORGANIC ACIDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2163-2168
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Dana Chitimus ◽  
Valentin Nedeff ◽  
Emilian Florin Mosnegutu ◽  
Mirela Panainte
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Flushing ◽  
Remediation Efficiency

Bio-P and non-bio-P bacteria identification by a novel microbial approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Bond ◽  
Jürg Keller ◽  
Linda L. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
P Content ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Culturing bacteria from activated sludge with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has strongly implicated Acinetobacter with the process. However, using fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) probing to analyse microbial populations, we have shown evidence opposing this widespread belief. We describe the phosphorus (P) removing performance and microbial population analyses of sludges obtained in a laboratory scale EBPR reactor. Two sludges with extremely high P removing capabilities were examined, the P content of these sludges was 8.6% (P sludge) and 12.3% (S sludge) of the MLSS. Identification of bacteria using FISH probing indicated both sludges were dominated by microbes from the beta proteobacteria and high mol% G+C Gram positive bacteria. Acinetobacter could make up only a small proportion of the cells in these sludges. Sludge with extremely poor P removal (P content of 1.5%, referred to as T sludge) was then generated by reducing the P in the influent. Bacteria resembling the G-bacteria became abundant in this sludge and these were identified using FISH probing. The anaerobic transformations of the T and P sludges correlated well with that of the non-EBPR and EBPR biological models respectively, indicating that bacteria in the T sludge have the potential to inhibit P removal in EBPR systems.

scholarly journals Microwave Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Trace Metals in Polluted Water

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3147
Author(s):  
Ilaria Frau ◽  
Stephen Wylie ◽  
Patrick Byrne ◽  
Patrizia Onnis ◽  
Jeff Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Microwave Sensors ◽  
Immediate Response

Thousands of pollutants are threatening our water supply, putting at risk human and environmental health. Between them, trace metals are of significant concern, due to their high toxicity at low concentrations. Abandoned mining areas are globally one of the major sources of toxic metals. Nowadays, no method can guarantee an immediate response for quantifying these pollutants. In this work, a novel technique based on microwave spectroscopy and planar sensors for in situ real-time monitoring of water quality is described. The sensors were developed to directly probe water samples, and in situ trial measurements were performed in freshwater in four polluted mining areas in the UK. Planar microwave sensors were able detect the water pollution level with an immediate response specifically depicted at three resonant peaks in the GHz range. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that planar microwave sensors were tested in situ, demonstrating the ability to use this method for classifying more and less polluted water using a multiple-peak approach.

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