Determination of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Partitioning within Components of the Biomass in a High Rate Algal Pond: Significance for the Coastal Environment of the Treated Effluent Discharge

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Cromar ◽  
N. J. Martin ◽  
N. Christofi ◽  
P. A. Read ◽  
H. J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Algae And Bacteria

Two High-Rate Algal Ponds were operated over residence times of 4 and 6 days respectively, at three COD loading rates equivalent to 600, 350 and 100 kg ha−1d−1 from early September to late October 1991. Samples of pond N and P feed were analysed to obtain nutrient input values to the system. Pond filtrates were also analysed for soluble nutrients. The pond biomass was separated into constituent components of algae and bacteria. Following separation, the discrete fractions were analysed for dry matter, chlorophyll content, and paniculate carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus balances were then calculated which were used to partition the nutrients into soluble and paniculate phases, and to further separate the paniculate phase into algal and bacterial components. The partitioning of these nutrients, responsible for eutrophication, enables the calculation of removal rates of N and P from the pond systems and makes possible more effective strategies for the removal of the nutrient-rich biomass from receiving water bodies.

Treatment of Wastewaters from the Tomato Concentrate Industry in High Rate Algal Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Rodrigues ◽  
J. F. Santos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds

High rate algal ponds are an important process of biological treatment used either for domestic sewage or food industries effluents and to produce single cell proteins. The results refer to the efficiency of treatment of wastewaters from the tomato concentrate industry and determination of the chemical composition of “Albazod” (microbial biomass) harvested in a pilot system of high rate algal ponds installed in the Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, at Monte da Caparica. Depending on the detention time and period of the year, the following removal efficiencies were obtained: COD 68.1 – 94.6%; TOD 57.6 – 85.0%; N-NH4+ 89.4 – 96.2%; colour 29.6 – 91.7% and turbidity 37.2 – 92.7%. Albazod separated from the effluent has a high nutritive value for low detention times (crude protein values of 31.50% and 30.75% dry matter for 4 days and 5 days of detention time, respectively). The highest productivity value was 30.82 g of dry matter/m2/day and was obtained for a detention time of 4 days.

scholarly journals Development of a deterministic design model for a high-rate algal pond

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
ISW Van der Merwe ◽  
IC Brink
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Design Model ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Inadequate wastewater treatment is a major problem in South Africa. Existing wastewater treatment facilities often lack sufficient skilled labour, resulting in partially treated effluent. Increasing eutrophication in surface water bodies indicates that this problem needs rectification. The characteristics of the high-rate algal pond (HRAP) technology makes it an attractive option for effluent polishing in South Africa. It has the potential of simultaneous nutrient removal and nutrient recovery from partially treated effluent. A deterministic design model based on the mutualistic relationship between bacteria and algae in an HRAP was developed. The model includes kinetics of algae, ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs), as well as ammoniaoxidising organisms (ANOs) and their interaction with organic compounds, nitrogen and phosphorus. After preliminary verifications, it was found that the deterministic model accurately represented the kinetics involved with the ammonia and nitrate/nitrite concentrations. However, it was also established that the major limitations of the deterministic model are its exclusion of phosphate precipitation and its failure to incorporate the production of particulate and soluble organics due to the respiration, excretion and mortality processes.

Performance evaluation of the BioCAST technology: a new multi-zone wastewater treatment system

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1967-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yerushalmi ◽  
M. Alimahmoodi ◽  
C. N. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Loading Rates

A new wastewater treatment technology, called BioCAST, has been designed and developed for high rate and simultaneous removal of organic carbonaceous compounds as well as nitrogen and phosphorus, along with reduced sludge generation. The treatment system has two interlinked reactors containing four independent zones with different environmental conditions of aerobic, microaerophilic, anoxic and anaerobic for the biological treatment of wastewater, as well as two clarification zones and a filtration unit for solid–liquid separation. The treatment system contains suspended as well as fixed-film microorganisms. The performance evaluation of the BioCAST system was carried out at organic loading rates of 0.95 to 1.86 kg/m3 d, and nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates of 0.02 to 0.08 kg/m3 d and 0.014 to 0.02 kg/m3 d, respectively. The results demonstrated high removal efficiencies of carbon and nitrogen throughout the operation period, reaching 98.9 and 98.3%, respectively. Phosphorus removal efficiency was lower than 50% during the first 160 days of operation but it increased with the increase of nitrogen loading rate above 0.05 kg/m3 day and concomitant reduction of C/N ratio below 15. Phosphorus removal efficiency reached 94.1%, producing an effluent concentration of 1.4 mg/L after 225 days of operation. The overall biomass yield based on the consumed COD was 3.7%.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

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