Transport of Dissolved Organic Carbon-Derived Natural Colloids from Bed Sediments to Overlying Water: Laboratory Simulations

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Valsaraj ◽  
G. J. Thoma ◽  
C. L. Porter ◽  
D. D. Reible ◽  
L. J. Thibodeaux
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Adjustable Parameter ◽  
Brownian Diffusion ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Bed ◽  
Water Diffusivity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sediment Diagenesis

Natural colloids are part of the carbon cycle arising from sediment diagenesis. Natural colloids can be quantified as the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) present in the pore-water of sediment beds. In this paper we demonstrate that DOC is mobile in a system in which the dominant transport mechanism is Brownian diffusion. A simple model which assumes constant physico-chemical properties for the DOC adequately predicts the DOC release rate from a sediment bed in a microcosm. A single adjustable parameter, the water diffusivity, is used to fit the model to the experimental data. The experimental diffusivities obtained from the fitted data agree well with previously presented values.

Influence of physico-chemical properties of soil clay fractions on the retention of dissolved organic carbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
Binoy Sarkar ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Yong Sik Ok ◽  
Nanthi S. Bolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Properties Of Soil

scholarly journals Correction to: Influence of physico-chemical properties of soil clay fractions on the retention of dissolved organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
Binoy Sarkar ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Yong Sik Ok ◽  
Nanthi S. Bolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Properties Of Soil

scholarly journals Natural Drying of Astringent and Non-Astringent Persimmon “Rojo Brillante”. Drying Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Cristina M. González ◽  
Rebeca Gil ◽  
Gemma Moraga ◽  
Alejandra Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Water Diffusivity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Natural Drying

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) crop has markedly increased in Spain, and “Rojo Brillante” persimmon is the main cultivated variety. This astringent cultivar requires de-astringency treatment before commercialization, which may involve an extra cost. Its short commercial season implies handling large volumes of fruits with consequent postharvest losses. Therefore, the development of derived added-value products is of much interest. In this study, astringent and non-astringent “Rojo Brillante” persimmons were dehydrated by following a natural drying method used in Asia. The drying kinetics and physico-chemical properties were analyzed for 81 days. The results indicated subsequent reductions in weight, water content, and water activity throughout the drying process, and the equatorial diameter decreased. All the employed thin-layer mathematical models were suitable for representing the drying characteristics of both products with similar behavior. The effective water diffusivity values were 5.07 × 10−11 m2 s−1 and 6.07 × 10−11 m2 s−1 for astringent and non-astringent persimmon samples, respectively. The drying treatment significantly decreased the soluble tannins content, and the astringent samples obtained similar values to those obtained for the non-astringent samples in 20 days. The external and internal flesh of the astringent fruit remained orange through the drying period, while brown coloration in the non-astringent fruit was observed after 57 drying days. Therefore, prior de-astringency treatment would not be necessary.

scholarly journals Effects of deforestation on the properties of soil of Sal forests in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zabed Hossain ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Chaman Binta Aziz ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sal Forest

This study examined the effect of deforestation on the soil properties (physico-chemical and bacterial) of the Sal (Shorea robusta Roxb. Ex Gaertn.) forests in Bangladesh. Physico-chemical properties and the bacterial colony counts of soil were studied by comparing a natural Sal forest site with deforested and planted with Menjium site, deforested and planted with Mahogoni site, as well as deforested but not planted but covered with profuse growth of Axonopus compressus grass species site. Moisture content was significantly lower in the deforested and planted with Menjium site and deforested and planted with Mahogoni site than the natural forest site and the deforested but not planted site. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nitrogen contents were significantly lower in the natural forest site. Significantly higher number of bacterial colony and higher organic carbon and moisture contents were found in the deforested but not planted site indicating that both organic carbon and moisture content were important for microbial growth. The present study clearly showed that deforestation significantly altered the soil physico-chemical and bacterial communities of the Sal forests. It was also revealed that plantation with different exotic plants were found to be different in influencing soil properties. Key words: Bacterial colony; Deforestation effects; Sal forest; Soil physico-chemical properties DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i1.8945 DUJBS 2010; 19(1): 63-72

scholarly journals SOIL-SITE SUITABILITY AND EVALUATION FOR SOYBEAN CROP ON SOME VERTISOLS OF MARATHWADA REGION OF MAHARASHTRA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malode K. R ◽  
Singh Akansha ◽  
Sharma C. K
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Site

A study was conducted in arid and semi-arid zones of Marathwada region of Maharashtra during 2011-12. Six soil profiles on different topographic condition were chosen at Nanded, Latur, Osmanabad and Beed districts of Marathwada region. These profiles were examined for soil site properties such as climate, depth, texture, structure and drainage. Physico-chemical properties such as pH, EC, Organic carbon, CEC, CaCO3 content, available micro nutrient contents, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, sand, silt and clay were also studied,. Morphological analysis showed that surface structure was weak, and sub surface structure was sub angular to angular blocky. Soil color showed dark grayish brown to very dark gray in color. Drainage was moderately well in all soils except P4, P5 and P6, which were showed imperfect drained. Soils were clayey in texture the clay per cent ranged from 50.1 % to 62.1 %, sand ranged from 9.7 % to 21.6 % and silt varied from 25.1% to 32.9 %. The bulk density range from 1.27 to 1.56 Mg m-3. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.1. to 5.3 cm hr-1. The pH ranges showed that soils were moderately to strongly alkaline in reaction. Organic carbon ranged from 1.95 to 10.04 g kg-1, calcium carbonate ranged from 2.8 to 19.0 % and CEC ranged from 38.2 to 78.2 cmol p(+) kg-1. Based on field morphology and laboratory characterizations, the soil of the study area classified to Vertisols of great group Haplusterts. The all soil profiles were classified as Typic Haplusterts at great group level except pedon P6 is Vertic Haplusterts. Soil profile when correlated with yield it was concluded that pedon P5 Typic Haplusterts belonging to order Vertisols were best soils for soybean growing that order.

scholarly journals Diversity and density of Collembola as influenced by soil physico-chemical properties in fallow land ecosystem of Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1626-1631
Author(s):  
S. Bhagawati ◽  
◽  
B. Bhattacharyya ◽  
B.K. Medhi ◽  
S. Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Variation Patterns

Aim: To investigate the influence of soil physico-chemical properties on diversity and density of Collembola in an undisturbed fallow land ecosystem. Methodology: Soil sampling was done at monthly intervals to explore the diversity, density and seasonal variation patterns of collembolan population in a fallow land ecosystem during March, 2015 to February, 2016. Collembolans were sampled using Tullgren funnel and identified by standard taxonomic keys. Finally, correlation studies were conducted to assess the influence of different soil physico-chemical properties on diversity and density of collembolans. Results: Five species of Collembola (Cyphoderus sp., Entomobrya sp., Isotoma sp., Folsomia sp. and Hypogastrura sp.) belonging to 4 families (Cyphoderidae, Entomobryidae, Isotomidae and Hypogastruridae) were identified. Cyphoderus sp. was recorded to be the most abundant species contributing 44.29 percent of population. Analysis of different diversity indices revealed higher diversity of collembolans during summer, indicating the presence of relatively stable habitats as compared to other seasons. Summer season also recorded highest density of Collembola. During all the seasons studied, a strong significant positive correlation (P<0.05 and P<0.01) of collembolan population was registered with soil moisture and organic carbon, respectively, however, remaining edaphic factors registered non-significant relationship with the collembolan density and diversity Interpretation: The study clearly indicated that the soil moisture and organic carbon content had a positive relationship with collembolan population and provides a relatively favourable ecological niche for their assemblages.

Physico-chemical and hydrological properties of soilless substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Author(s):  
Anbarasu Mariyappillai ◽  
◽  
Gurusamy Arumugam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Aim: To evaluate the physico-chemical and hydrological characteristics of cocopith, perlite, vermicullite, vermicompost, sand, rice husk, paddy straw, saw dust and rock wool for using them as substrates for soilless agriculture. Methodology: The soilless substrates were initially evaluated for pH and EC, and then estimated for total organic carbon by dry combustion method, total nitrogen by Kjeldahl digestion method, potassium by atomic absorption and phosphorus by colorimetric method. The hydrological properties of substrates were estimated by Keen - Rackzowski box method. Results: The desirable level of physical properties of bulk density (0.47 gm cm-3), particle density (0.63 gm cm-3), total porosity (75.81%) and chemical properties of pH (6.23), EC (5.02 dS m-1), total organic carbon (36.39 %), and other properties were noticed under cocopith. The maximum level of water holding capacity (769.30 %) and volume of expansion (185.78 %) was registered by cocopith. Interpretation: Cocopith has favourable hydrological properties with desirable level of physical and chemical properties, which makes it the best medium for soilless agriculture. Coconut fiber is a characteristic natural fiber from the external husk of coconut and its extraction process also without polluting nature.

scholarly journals Estimation of nitrogen transforming microorganisms in soils of different tea valleys of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
MA Gafur ◽  
Afroza Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Tea Plants

Physico-chemical properties of soils and quantitative estimation and distribution of population of Azotobacter, ammonifying, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in soils under tea plants of tea valleys of Bangladesh were studied. Soil texture ranged from loam to clay loam, pH ranged from 4.84 - 5.65 and organic carbon varied between 0.18 and 2.12%. Population of Azotobacter, ammonifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and denitrifying bacteria ranged from 18.0 × 109/g - 88.4 × 109cfu/g soil, 0.20 × 109/g - 0.24 × 109/g soil, 0.20 × 109/g - 0.24 × 109/g soil, 0.20 × 109/g - 0.24 × 109/g soil and 0.17 × 109/g - 0.24 × 109/g soil, respectively. The populations of microorganisms were not related with soil pH and organic carbon. Ammonifying bacteria was positively and significantly correlated with Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas with Nitrobacter at 0.01% level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15907 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(1): 161-165, 2013 (June)

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Physico-chemical Properties of Sediments along the Bandama River in the Department of Niakaramadougou, Northern Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
pp. 739-750
Author(s):  
N’Doufou Gnosseith Huberson Claver ◽  
Kouadio Koffi Hypolithe ◽  
De Lasm Omer Zephir ◽  
Zogoury Eddie Constant Fabrice
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sediment Analysis ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical

This work focuses on analyzing of physico-chemical properties of sediment affected by frequent floods along the eastern shore of the Bandama River in the department of Niakaramadougou. Sampling was from 4 excavated graves at two positions of studied area, one near the stream and the other one far away from the stream.. Samples collected were analyzed, including texture with granulometric analysis made by the Robinson pipette, and standard sediment analysis methods for measuring organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), and other chemical properties including pH, organic matter (OM), and C/N ratio. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the differences between the physico-chemical parameters at different sampling areas. Differences are significant when comparing areas that are highly affected by floods and areas that are less affected by floods, especially for concentrations of OM, OC and nitrogen. Results show that successive floods are influencing directly the dynamic of physico-chemical properties of the sediments along the shore.

scholarly journals Dissolved Organic Carbon Loading Stimulates Sediment Phosphorus Mobilization and Release: Preliminary Evidence From Xiangshan Port, East China Sea

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Meng Dong ◽  
Shuo-Nan Ma ◽  
Hai-Jun Wang ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
P Release ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
P Mobilization ◽  
Labile P

Increasing concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been observed in coastal ecosystems worldwide over the past decade, and tight coupling of the carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle has been recognized in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is still no consensus regarding the potential effects of DOC loading on sediment P release. In a 2-month mesocosm experiment, we tested the effects of DOC enrichment on sediment P release in six glass aquariums. Two treatments were set: Control (without sodium acetate (Na(CH3COO)) addition) and Na(CH3COO) addition (equivalent to 5 mg C L−1). The results showed the following: 1) DOC loading stimulated sediment P mobilization and release, as indicated by increases in the labile P recorded for 7-cm-deep sediment using diffusive gradients in thin films, the flux of P across the sediment–water interface, and the total P concentrations in the overlying water; and 2) stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity, increased P-solubilizing bacteria proportion, and decreased dissolved oxygen concentration were likely the primary mechanisms behind the DOC-stimulated sediment P mobilization and release. These results provide insight into the promotion of sediment P release induced by C addition. Further studies investigating the quantitative relationships between DOC loadings and P release are needed to fully elucidate the coupled roles of C and P, especially those based on large-scale field investigations with broader C forms and loadings.

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