Ecological Studies of Aerobic Submerged Biofilter on the Basis of Respiratory Quinone Profiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Fujie ◽  
Hong-Ying Hu ◽  
Hajime Tanaka ◽  
Kohei Urano
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Quinone Profile ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Analytical Operation

Respiratory quinone profiles were applied as tools for identifying different bacterial populations in the aerobic submerged biofilter along with the change of environment such as the temperature and the loading of hard-biodegradable chemicals. To begin with, a novel and simplified analytical operation of respiratory quinones was developed. A diversity in microbial population was observed in the film cultivated at the higher temperature. The change of microbial population in the course of acclimation to hard-biodegradable chemicals such as dimethylformamide(DMF, hereafter) was clarified on the basis of quinone profile.

Studies of microbial acclimation to hard chemicals on the basis of respiratory quinone profiles and kinetic analyses

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ying Hu ◽  
Mamie Nozawa ◽  
Koichi Fujie ◽  
Tsuyoshi Makabe ◽  
Kohei Urano
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quinone Profile

The population dynamics of microbes in the biological wastewater treatment processes such as a submerged biofilter was investigated to obtain basic information to determine the optimal operating conditions. The effects of coexistence of biodegradable substances such as glucose and peptone on the acclimation of microbes in the biofilm to hard chemicals such as acrylonitrile (AN), which is poorly biodegradable and a volatile substance, was investigated on the basis of the respiratory quinone profile. Kinetic study of the removal of AN in the course of acclimation of microbes was investigated using a laboratory-scale submerged biofilter as well. It was ascertained that the acclimation of the microbes to AN was accelerated by coexistence of biodegradable substances, and the microbial phase after acclimation differed from those with the coexistence of glucose and peptone. The quinone profiles in the acclimation showed that Brevibacterium sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of which the predominant quinone of the respiratory chain is menaquinone-8(H2) and ubiquinone-9, respectively, multiplied selectively in the acclimation course without and with the coexistence of glucose and peptone, respectively. It was also made clear that there were few kinds and number of protozoa and metazoa in the biofilter treating the wastewater containing AN.

Effects of biodegradable substrates and microbial concentration on the acclimation of microbes to acrylonitrile in aerobic submerged biofilter

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ying Hu ◽  
Koichi Fujie ◽  
Mamie Nozawa ◽  
Tsuyoshi Makabe ◽  
Kohei Urano
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Profile Method ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Quinone Profile ◽  
Microbial Film ◽  
Corynebacterium Sp ◽  
Complete Mineralization

The effects of coexistence-of biodegradable substrates and microbial concentration on the acclimation of microbes to acrylonitrile (AN) in an aerobic submerged biofilter were investigated on the basis of kinetic and ecological studies. The experimental results show that the acclimation of microbial film to AN was promoted by a higher microbial concentration in the biofilter and by the coexistence of glucose and peptone in the influent. It was clarified that the upper limit of AN loading to the biofilter for the ultimate degradation, i.e., complete mineralization, of the influent AN was about 2.0-2.2 kg/m3. d. In addition, a new microbial quinone profile method was applied for the analysis of the microbial community change in the biofilter. The change in quinone profiles of the microbial film during the acclimation to AN suggested that Brevibacterium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Corynebacterium sp. could contribute to the degradation of AN in the aerobic biofilter.

scholarly journals Psyllium Supplementation is Associated with Changes in the Fecal Microbiota of Horses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Mienaltowski ◽  
Ashley Belt ◽  
John D. Henderson ◽  
Tannah N. Boyd ◽  
Nicole Marter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Psyllium Husk ◽  
Silica Concentration ◽  
Functional Profiles ◽  
Microbial Dna

Abstract Objective: Prophylactic supplementation of psyllium husk is recommended to enhance passage of ingested sand from the gastrointestinal tracts of horses. We hypothesized that psyllium supplementation would increase fecal sand passage and favorably alter bacterial populations in the hindgut. Six yearlings and six mature mares were fed a psyllium supplement in the diet daily for seven days. Voluntarily-voided feces were collected over the course of 29 days, prior, during, and after treatment. Feces were analyzed for acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent insoluble ash analyses. Microbial DNA was also isolated, and the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was PCR-amplified and sequenced using MiSeq technology.Results: Fecal ADF concentration was greater in adults while silica concentration was greater in yearlings. Mature mare fecal ADF decreased during and just after supplementation but thereafter increased. No changes in silica levels were noted in either group over time. Fecal microbial population phylogenetic diversity was greatest mid-supplementation and lowest at 11 days post-supplementation. Functional profiles of the microbial communities presented some benefits for psyllium supplementation. These findings provide compelling evidence for further detailed studies of prophylactic psyllium supplementation.

scholarly journals Psyllium supplementation is associated with changes in the fecal microbiota of horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Mienaltowski ◽  
Ashley Belt ◽  
John D. Henderson ◽  
Tannah N. Boyd ◽  
Nicole Marter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Psyllium Husk ◽  
Silica Concentration ◽  
Functional Profiles ◽  
Microbial Dna

Abstract Objective Prophylactic supplementation of psyllium husk is recommended to enhance passage of ingested sand from the gastrointestinal tracts of horses. We hypothesized that psyllium supplementation would increase fecal sand passage and favorably alter bacterial populations in the hindgut. Six yearlings and six mature mares were fed a psyllium supplement in the diet daily for seven days. Voluntarily-voided feces were collected over the course of 29 days, prior, during, and after treatment. Feces were analyzed for acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent insoluble ash analyses. Microbial DNA was also isolated, and the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was PCR-amplified and sequenced using MiSeq technology. Results Fecal ADF concentration was greater in adults while silica concentration was greater in yearlings. Mature mare fecal ADF decreased during and just after supplementation but thereafter increased. No changes in silica levels were noted in either group over time. Fecal microbial population phylogenetic diversity was greatest mid-supplementation and lowest at 11 days post-supplementation. Functional profiles of the microbial communities presented some benefits for psyllium supplementation. These findings provide compelling evidence for further detailed studies of prophylactic psyllium supplementation.

scholarly journals Effect of drying treatment on the respiratory quinone profile in soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Fujie ◽  
Hong-Ying Hu ◽  
Hajime Tanaka ◽  
Kohei Urano ◽  
Katsuaki Saitou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Quinone Profile ◽  
Drying Treatment

ECODYNAMICS OF OIL-DEGRADING BACTERIA AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MARINE MIXED POPULATIONS IN THE DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
Kasthuri Venkateswaran ◽  
Hiroki Tanaka ◽  
Shyoko Komukai ◽  
Haruhisa Toki ◽  
Tokuro Iwabuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
Mixed Populations

ABSTRACT Ecological studies, screening of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and studies of the potentials of various single and mixed bacterial populations in the utilization of petroleum compounds were carried out to understand the microbial hydrocarbon degradation process in marine ecosystems. Populations of hydrocarbon utilizers were larger in coastal regions than in pelagic environments. Ecological observations indicated that oil-degrading bacteria were ubiquitously distributed in both temperate and tropical environments, irrespective of oil-polluted and unpolluted ecosystems. Bacteria were grown with n-tetradecane, pristane, propylbenzene, phenanthrene, and crude oil as the sole carbon source; and substrate specificities of the purified strains were characterized. Based on the assimilation characteristics of the isolated strains, an artificial mixed-culture system was constructed. Biodegradation of crude oil by the natural mixed population was found to be higher than by the artificial mixed population. However, when some of the substrate-specific degraders were artificially mixed with natural microflora, the degradation of hard-to-degrade aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of crude oil was enhanced.

Change of microbial community structure by respiratory quinone profile at intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Songprasert ◽  
B.-R. Lim ◽  
K.-H. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Quinone Profile

In the present study, the microbial community structure in an intermittently aerated submerged membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater was observed using the respiratory quinone profiles. The effects of different time interval for the aerobic and anoxic period on microbial community structure were examined with 60/90 min (Step 1) and 90/60 min (Step 2) as anoxic/aerobic periods. There was an observable slight difference in microbial community structure between Step 1 and Step 2 in the submerged membrane bioreactor. The dominant quinone types for Step 1 at both anoxic and aerobic conditions were UQ-8 followed by UQ-10 and MK-6, but those for Step 2 were UQ-8, MK-6 and MK-10(H4). The microbial diversity of Step 1 and Step 2 based on the composition of all quinones was 10.6Ð11.7 and 13.3Ð13.0 for anoxic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The present results suggest that the introduction of intermittent aeration into the submerged membrane bioreactor has little influence on the bacterial community structure.

scholarly journals Estimating Microbial Population Data from Optical Density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Portia Mira ◽  
Pamela Yeh ◽  
Barry G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Light Path ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Plate Reader ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exact Relationship

The spectrophotometer has been used for decades to measure the density of bacterial populations using the turbidity expressed as optical density – OD. However, the OD alone is an unreliable metric and is only proportionately accurate to cell titers to about an OD of 0.6. The relationship between OD and cell titer depends on the configuration of the spectrophotometer, the length of the light path through the culture, the size of the bacterial cells, and the cell culture density. We demonstrate the importance of plate reader calibration to identify the exact relationship between OD and cells/ml. We use four bacterial genera and two sizes of micro-titer plates (96-well and 384-well) and show that the cell/ml per unit OD depends heavily on the bacterial cell size and plate size. We applied our calibration curve to real growth curve data and conclude the cells/ml – rather than OD – is a metric that can be used to directly compare results across experiments, labs, instruments, and species.

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