As implicações do uso do álcool gel na microbiota das mãos durante a pandemia.

A superfície epitelial da pele é colonizada por diversos microrganismos que coletivamente são chamados de microbioma. As bactérias presentes normalmente nesse ambiente são necessárias para aumentar a imunidade e resistência a infecção por outros microrganismos. Quando há um desequilíbrio nessa microbiota em questão, outros microrganismos, patogênicos ou não, podem se proliferar e ocasionar doenças. Inúmeros fatores podem ser elencados como contribuintes para gerar esse desequilíbrio e, um deles, seria o uso de agentes químicos durante a higienização. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar alterações no microbioma das mãos decorrentes do uso frequente do álcool gel e verificar com outros estudos para saber se tem semelhança com profissionais da saúde. Como resultados mais importantes, a presença de Staphylococcus coagulase -, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp.,Micrococcus sp., Escherichia coli e Bastonetes Gram +, coincidindo com outras pesquisas de relevância. Com a pandemia de COVID-19, muito se discute sobre a utilização do álcool gel e, sendo ele um componente químico, é importante investigar os danos que pode trazer à microbiota natural da pele, porém o álcool é um componente químico e como tal, pode causar danos no futuro.

Microbiome Signature and Diversity Profiling of Normal Skin of Human in Saudi Arabia

Background: Studying human skin-associated bacterial communities is crucial to understanding human diseases, disease progression, and their role in maintaining human health. Objectives: This study aimed to identify normal (healthy) skin microbiome signatures of eight individuals living in Jeddah, Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study involved the analysis of resident skin microbiome in inner elbow of the right arm after ethical approval is issued and an informed consent form is signed by participant individuals. Results: Phylogenetic tree indicated the existence of four phyla, e.g., Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria. Firmicutes were shown to be the highest in abundance, while Bacteroidetes were the lowest. At the genus level, Staphylococcus was the highest in abundance, while Enterococcus was the lowest. At the species level, Bacilluscereus was the highest in abundance, while Roseomonasmucosa was the lowest. The analysis for the highly abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) indicated a dramatic difference between sexes referring to either genera or species of which Staphylococcussp., Erwiniasp., Pseudomonassp., Sphingomonassp., Corynebacteriumsp., Propionibacterium acnes, Kocuria palustris are higher in males, while Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Corynebacterium sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonassp. are lower in males. Conclusions: The study succeeded in detecting the skin microbiome of individuals in Saudi Arabia.

Evaluation of Microbial Loads and Physico-Chemicals of Cassava Mill Effluent Simulated Soil

Evaluation of microbial loads and physico-chemicals of cassava mill effluent simulated soil was carried out using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques. This was to determine the effect of cassava mill effluent (CME) on rhizosphere microbial loads, physicochemical properties, nitrogenous salt and heavy metals. The results showed that CME effect on the physicochemical determinants (pH, Ca, Mg, K) and heavy metal determinant (Fe, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb and Mn) was concentration dependents. The nitrogenous salts (NO3, NH4+ and NO2) levels progressively increased with no significant differences (p>0.05 ANOVA). The microbial isolates were: Saccharomyces sp, Mucorindicus, Fusarium sp and Gliocladium sp for the fungal group. The bacterial group were Chromobacterium sp, Corynebacterium sp, Bacillus sp, Acinetobacter sp and Escherichia coli while the nitrogen-fixing bacterial group were Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Frankia sp., Bradyrhizobium sp., Hebaspirillum sp., Cyanobacteria (or blue green algae), Anabaena sp, Nostoc sp., Clostridium sp. and Rhizobium sp. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) in the rhizosphere microbial load across the concentration gradient at the CME-simulated plot phyto-remediated by Centrosema pubesscens and Calopogonium mucunoides. Agricultural wastes such as cassava mill effluent should be properly treated before discharging to the environment in other to prevent the loss of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and total heterotrophic bacterial genera that could be of immense importance to man.

Association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and potentially pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in women attending at primary care nursing gynecological consultation

To identify the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) with the presence of other microorganisms. This is a cross-sectional study composed of 128 women who were attended in the basic health units, between 2014 and 2018, to perform the Pap smear. The presence of papillomavirus was investigated using conventional PCR with primers MY09/11 and GP5 +/6+ (echo and endocervix cells) and the smear bacterioscopy of vaginal secretions was performed to identify the microorganisms. Statistical was performed using the square test, including a risk ratio or 95% confidence interval. HPV infection was identified in 48.4% (n = 62) women. Corynebacterium sp (39.8%) was the most prevalent microorganism, followed by Escherichia coli (21.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.0%), Gardnerella vaginalis (13.2%) and Candida albicans (7%), respectively. According to statistical analysis or HPV and the group of potentially pathogenic microorganisms had a significant association p <0.02. Corynebacterium sp showed an effective protection (0.356 [0.170-0.744] <0.05) in relation to sociodemographic, gynecological and obstetric factors. Only vaginal discharge and pH had p <0.05 when comparing the presence of infection. The other variables showed no statistical differences. This study revealed an association between the presence of pathogenic microorganisms with HPV virus infection, confirming a need for a better understanding of the female genitals’ microbiota. Thus, research involving the vaginal infectious agents, methods of protection and rapid diagnosis to contribute to the reduction of the number of lesions in the cervix and cervical cancer are needed.

Pengaruh Pemberian Agens Hayati Terhadap Intensitas Penyakit Karat Beberapa Varietas Kedelai Hitam

Black soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.) is an important food crop and has a high nutritional content. Demand for this commodity is increasing. National soybean demand in 2015 about 2.6 million tons but domestic production only 982,967 tons. One of the obstacles to increasing black soybean production is Asian soybean rust disease caused by P. pachyrhizi. The susceptibility of black soybean to rust makes the farmers often use chemical fungicides to control it. Alternative control of rust leaves that suitable for the environment is through the selection of more resistant varieties of rust and the application of biological agents of Corynebacterium sp. and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The research was conducted in endemic area of ​​ Asian soybean rust disease, using Complete Randomized Design 2 factors. Factor 1 varieties of black soybeans consists of V1: Detam 1, V2: Detam 3, V3: Detam 4 and Factor 2 biological agents consist of: control, Corynebacterium sp. and PGPR with 3 replications. The results showed that Detam 1 varieties produced the most massive seeds: 6.86 g plant-1. Corynebacterium sp. and PGPR treatment can significantly reduce the intensity of Asian soybean rust disease compared to controls. The intensity of rust disease in Corynebacterium sp. (11.7%), PGPR (8.9%), control (33.9%). Both soybean varieties and biological agents showed no interaction in all observed variables.

BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF WINE PRODUCED FROM BLENDS OF DATE PALM FRUIT AND CUCUMBER JUICE USING Saccharomyces cerevesiae

Bacteriological quality and sensory evaluation of wine produced from blends of date palm fruit and cucumber juice using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The yeast was isolated and identified using standard techniques. The S. cerevisiae inoculum was produced using standard procedures and used to ferment the blends of date and cucumber to produce wine. Five (5) samples of wine were produced from date and cucumber at various concentration of substrates, anaerobically (Aerobic fermentation were terminated after 6 days and the fermented ‘’musts’’ were sieved to remove the shaft and debris of the crushed fruits.During the anaerobic phase of fermentation, the filtrates obtained after sieving the ‘’musts’’ were transferred into anaerobic fermentation round bottom flask (s) and incubated at room temperature. An air trap were fixed to the fermenting jars. Fermentation were terminated after four (4) weeks). Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation (using 7 point hedonic scale by 20 panelist) of the produced wine were studied. The yeast was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The physiochemical analysis of the produced wines showed that percentage of alcoholic content of wine B had the highest at 16.6 %, as Wine A had 15.8 %, Wine D had 13.17 %, Wine C had 11.17% and Wine E had 10.18% of alcohol content after fermentation. The suspected bacteria isolate were Corynebacterium sp. Neisseria sp, Corynebacterium sp., Micrococcus sp. Enterobacteriaceace sp. Lactobacillu sp.and Micrococcus sp. and some fungi sp. were isolated from the wines before pasteurization for sensory evaluation. But no microorganisms were detected after pasteurization of the produced wines. The sample C (Date and Cucumber) of ratio 3:1 was significantly preferred (p<0.05) from other wine A, B, D and E in respect to the aroma, test and appearance and over all acceptability. The S. cerevisiae used in the production of the wines gave excellent results. Harnesing the date and cucumber for wine production will reduce post-harvest loss of the fruit (wastage), improve, conribute to the economy and reduce unemployment.

Microbiological Evaluation of Ready-to-Drink Tigernut Drinks Sold within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Aims: Tigernut drink are made from tigernut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) and rich in nutrients. This drink is locally produced and widely consumed in Nigeria irrespective of social status. This study is aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and physicochemical property of tigernut drinks sold within Port Harcourt metropolis. Methodology: Thirty (30) samples of freshly prepared and packaged tigernut drinks were randomly purchased from different vendors in five locations of Port Harcourt metropolis (Agip Estate, Abuja Campus (Uniport), Choba, Mile 1 and Mile 2 Markets). The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological and physicochemical methods. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to analyze the data. Results: Results obtained showed that the pH of the samples ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 while the total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 6. 54-6.74 log10 CFU/mL. Total fungal count of tigernut drinks ranged from 6.0-6.2 log10 CFU/mL. A total of nine (9) bacterial genera namely Staphylococcus sp. (37.3%), Escherichia sp. (21.3%), Salmonella sp. (12%), Pseudomonas sp. (12%), Klebsiella sp. (4%), Bacillus sp. (4%), Micrococcus sp. (4%), Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) were isolated from the samples. Six (6) fungal genera were also encountered in the drink sampled which include Rhizopus sp. (1.4%), Saccharomyces sp. (4.4%), Aspergillus sp. (30.9%), Fusarium sp. (26.5%), Penicillium sp. (30.9%) and Candida sp. (5.9%). The result revealed that Staphylococcus sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (37.3%) followed by E. coli (21.3%), while Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) recorded the least. Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (30.9%) whereas Rhizopus sp. had the least (1.4%). The results of this study revealed that all the samples from the five (5) locations were heavily contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and found not suitable for human consumption based on the standard recommended by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). NAFDAC stipulated that mesophilic aerobic count of locally prepared beverages should be < 5.0 log10 CFU/mL. Conclusion: The huge contamination recorded in all the samples irrespective of the location could be linked to poor hygienic levels during processing. Therefore, good manufacturing practices, public health enlightenment campaign and strict regulations from relevant agencies are recommended to avoid foodborne infections, diseases and possible deaths which could result from consumption of such contaminated tigernut drinks.