Treatment and disposal of domestic sewage sludge and nightsoil sludge for Bangkok

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Stoll ◽  
K. Parameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

In the recent past, treatment and disposal of sewage sludge has become an expensive and environmentally sensitive problem in western countries. It is becoming a growing problem worldwide with its focus on the megacities in the newly developed countries, since sludge production will continue to increase as new sewage treatment plants are built and environmental quality standards become more stringent. With some traditional disposal routes coming under pressure, the challenge facing the wastewater treatment authorities is to find cost-effective and environmentally sound solutions whilst responding to increasing public awareness. This paper describes the development of a plan for integrated management of municipal sludges (sewage sludge, nightsoil/septage sludge) which has high security for medium-and long-term sludge utilization and disposal as the goal. It concludes that incineration and agricultural use should be implemented and operated in parallel as first priority options.

Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Purification ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sludge Sample as a Feedstock for Power Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isah Yakub Mohammed ◽  
Yousif Abdalla Abakr ◽  
Hyelni Gana Mshelia ◽  
Lee Junyan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Treatment and disposal of sewage sludge has become an economically and environmentally sensitive problem. This necessitates cost-effective and innovative solutions whilst responding to environmental regulation and public pressures. This study examines the characteristics of a typical sludge samples as received following standard analytical procedures and its suitability for power generation. The results of the analysis revealed that the sample has good proxanal and ultanal attributes. The higher heating value of the sample on dry basis was found to be 21.21 MJ/kg. These characteristics are similar to qualities of standard coal used as fuel in power stations.

Institutional developments, standards and river quality: a UK history and some lessons for industrialising countries

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. M. Johnstone ◽  
N. J. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Process Manufacturing ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed World

From the middle ages until the early part of the nineteenth century the streets of European cities were foul with excrement and filth to the extent that aristocrats often held a clove-studded orange to their nostrils in order to tolerate the atmosphere. The introduction in about 1800 of water-carriage systems of sewage disposal merely transferred the filth from the streets to the rivers. The problem was intensified in Britain by the coming of the Industrial Revolution and establishment of factories on the banks of the rivers where water was freely available for power, process manufacturing and the disposal of effluents. As a consequence the quality of most rivers deteriorated to the extent that they were unable to support fish life and in many cases were little more than open sewers. This was followed by a period of slow recovery, such that today most of these rivers have been cleaned with many having good fish stocks and some even supporting salmon. This recovery has not been easy nor has it been cheap. It has been based on the application of good engineering supported by the passing and enforcement of necessary legislation and the development of suitable institutional capacity to finance, design, construct, maintain and operate the required sewerage and sewage treatment systems. Such institutional and technical systems not only include the disposal of domestic sewage but also provisions for the treatment and disposal of industrial wastewaters and for the integrated management of river systems. Over the years a number of institutional arrangements and models have been tried, some successful other less so. Although there is no universally applicable approach to improving the aquatic environment, many of the experiences encountered by the so-called developed world can be learned by developing nations currently attempting to rectify their own aquatic pollution problems. Some of these lessons have already been discussed by the authors including some dangers of copying standards from the developed world. The objective of this paper is to trace the steps taken over many years in the UK to develop methods and systems to protect and preserve the aquatic environment and from the lessons learned to highlight what is considered to be an appropriate and sustainable approach for industrialising nations. Such an approach involves setting of realistic and attainable standards, providing appropriate and affordable treatment to meet these standards, establishment of the necessary regulatory framework to ensure enforcement of the standards and provision of the necessary financial capabilities to guarantee successful and continued operation of treatment facilities.

Future proof decentralised sludge recycling Elodry-pro®

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-848
Author(s):  
B. Geraats ◽  
M. Parnowska ◽  
L. Kox
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nox Formation

Abstract At Linz-Unkel (Germany) sewage treatment plant the first full scale state-of-art EloDry-Pro® plant for sewage sludge has been constructed, consisting of the PYREG® reactor and the EloDry® belt dryer. The system is characterised by small footprint, flexibility, modular design and efficient energy management. The sludge dried using an EloDry® belt dryer undergoes staged combustion using the PYREG® module at around 6,500°C. This reduces the sludge to a fraction of its original volume while disinfecting it and removing micro-pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. The residual ash, which has a high percentage of plant-available phosphorus, is then supplied to the fertiliser industry as a recycled raw material. The working principle of EloDry-Pro® installation, including heat flows of the system, is presented. The paper describes Pyreg®'s advanced emission control systems, preventing NOx formation and removing harmful substances such as mercury and sulphur. The EloDry-Pro® technology is an innovative and cost-effective approach to decentralised thermal recycling of sewage sludge. Both sewage sludge volumes and transportation costs are reduced by up to 90%, therefore making it a low carbon cost-effective alternative to the transportation of sludge and allowing local sludge processing at plants under 100 k population.

Overview of legislation on sewage sludge management in developed countries worldwide

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Christodoulou ◽  
K. Stamatelatou
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Sewage Sludge Management

The need to apply innovative technologies for maximizing the efficiency and minimizing the carbon footprint of sewage treatment plants has upgraded sewage sludge management to a highly sophisticated research and development sector. Sewage sludge cannot be regarded solely as ‘waste’; it is a renewable resource for energy and material recovery. From this perspective, legislation on sewage sludge management tends to incorporate issues related to environmental protection, public health, climate change impacts and socio-economic benefits. This paper reviews the existing legislative frameworks and policies on sewage sludge management in various countries, highlighting the common ground as well as the different priorities in all cases studied. More specifically, the key features of legislation regarding sludge management in developed countries such as the USA, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and the European Union (EU27) are discussed.

scholarly journals Hydraulic conductivity and soil-sewage sludge interactions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1569-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Romero de Melo Ferreira ◽  
Joaquim Teodoro Romão de Oliveira ◽  
Arminda Saconi Messias ◽  
Hannelore Alves e Silva ◽  
Aline Elesbão do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Quartz Grains

One of the main problems faced by humanity is pollution caused by residues resulting from the production and use of goods, e.g, sewage sludge. Among the various alternatives for its disposal, the agricultural use seems promising. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity and interaction of soil with sandy-silty texture, classified as Spodosols, from the Experimental Station Itapirema - IPA, in Goiana, state of Pernambuco, in mixtures with sewage sludge from the Mangueira Sewage Treatment Station, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco at rates of 25, 50 and 75 Mg ha-1. Tests were conducted to let water percolate the natural saturated soil and soil-sludge mixtures to characterize their physical, chemical, and microstructural properties as well as hydraulic conductivity. Statistical data analysis showed that the presence of sewage sludge in soils leads to an increase of the < 0.005 mm fraction, reduction in real specific weight and variation in optimum moisture content from 11.60 to 12.90 % and apparent specific dry weight from 17.10 and 17.50 kN m-3. In the sludge-soil mixture, the quartz grains were covered by sludge and filling of the empty soil macropores between grains. There were changes in the chemical characteristics of soil and effluent due to sewage sludge addition and a small decrease in hydraulic conductivity. The results indicate the possibility that soil acidity influenced the concentrations of the elements found in the leachate, showing higher levels at higher sludge doses. It can be concluded that the leaching degree of potentially toxic elements from the sewage sludge treatments does not harm the environment.

The effect of lime-dried sewage sludge on the heat-resistance of eco-cement

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-quan Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hai-hua Cao ◽  
Jing-cheng Xu ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
Fire Endurance ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Microstructural Studies

The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is a growing problem for sewage treatment plants. One method of disposal is to use sewage sludge as partial replacement for raw material in cement manufacture. Although this process has been well researched, little attention has been given to the thermal properties of cement that has had sewage sludge incorporated in the manufacturing process. This study investigated the fire endurance of eco-cement to which lime-dried sludge (LDS) had been added. LDS was added in proportions of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% (by weight) to the raw material. The eco-cement was exposed to 200, 400, or 600 °C for 3 h. The residual strength and the microstructural properties of eco-cement were then studied. Results showed that the eco-cement samples suffered less damage than conventional cement at 600 °C. The microstructural studies showed that LDS incorporation could reduce Ca(OH)2 content. It was concluded that LDS has the potential to improve the heat resistance of eco-cement products.

scholarly journals Aspek Hukum Import Sampah Plastik

BESTUUR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Solikah Ana Estikomah
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost

<p><em>Indeveloped countriesbannedtoxic waste began to be recorded afterproved disastrous. In addition there isa gap for the cost of treating waste </em><em>plastic</em><em> in the developed countries anddeveloping countries. The high cost ofwastewater treatmentin </em><em>plastic</em><em> developed countries in part due to the high cost of compliance and strict law. In contrast, the low cost sewage treatment </em><em>plastic </em><em> in developing countriesdue to the lack of law enforcement. On the other hand, as a result of the construction waste requires complextechnology for processing and finaldisposal of hazardous materials is increasingly narrows with increasingawareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection. Waste-producing countries </em><em>plastic </em><em> and then look for the easiestand cheapest way to dispose of waste. Poor countries thatare developing targeted for regulation lingkungannnyastill weak. The existence of import export </em><em>plastic </em><em> waste between advanced and developing countries may be said to have lastedlong enough for the re-emergence of international public awareness of thedangers of pollution is industrial waste.</em> <em>The analysis research was conducted in a juridical-normative manner based on literature study</em></p><p><em></em><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Waste, </em><em>law, plastic, import</em></p><p> </p>

Use of Sewage Sludge on Land in the United Kingdom

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
Public Nuisance ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Uk

In the UK 30 million wet tonnes (1.2 × 106 tonnes dry solids (tds)) of sewage sludge are produced annually and its treatment and disposal costs ₤200 million per annum. Utilisation on agricultural land is the most economic disposal option for inland sewage treatment works and this route accounts for about 40% of sludge. Guidelines for sludge utilisation on land in the UK are designed to prevent contamination problems by metals, disease transmission, public nuisance and water pollution. The Council of the European Communities has introduced a Directive to be implemented in 1989 which will provide the statutory baseline for domestic guidelines in the countries of the European Community. UK guidelines and the CEC Directive are discussed in the context of potential contamination problems and the value of sludge to farmers.

Sewage Sludge Disposal: Current and Future Options

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Bruce ◽  
R. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Uk

Sewage sludge is an inevitable product of all conventional sewage treatment processes. Disposal of sludge in an economic and environmentally-acceptable manner is becoming generally more difficult. Sludge quantities are rising and disposal options decreasing. Disposal will increasingly require positive and careful management. There are four basic destinations for sludge - agriculture, other types of land, the sea or minor outlets. Treatment methods are available for the production of nine basic types of end-product to suit particular disposal requirements. The new EC Directive will regulate sludge to agriculture and will require that all sludge to farmland is treated unless it is immediately buried under the soil. Sludge to agriculture (grassland or arable) is subject to soil metal limits and to the need to minimise the risk of disease transmission. Sludge to landfill is subject to increasing constraints, particularly on physical stability. Sludge to sea is still practised by the UK but is closely controlled by Government licence and a requirement for monitoring. Minor outlets such as oil production, protein extraction etc are only at the experimental level. A computer program (WISDOM) provides a means of evaluating the short/long-term viability of alternative treatment and disposal options to identify the most economic and environmentally-acceptable strategy on an objective basis.

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