The effect of lime-dried sewage sludge on the heat-resistance of eco-cement

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-quan Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hai-hua Cao ◽  
Jing-cheng Xu ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
Fire Endurance ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Microstructural Studies

The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is a growing problem for sewage treatment plants. One method of disposal is to use sewage sludge as partial replacement for raw material in cement manufacture. Although this process has been well researched, little attention has been given to the thermal properties of cement that has had sewage sludge incorporated in the manufacturing process. This study investigated the fire endurance of eco-cement to which lime-dried sludge (LDS) had been added. LDS was added in proportions of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% (by weight) to the raw material. The eco-cement was exposed to 200, 400, or 600 °C for 3 h. The residual strength and the microstructural properties of eco-cement were then studied. Results showed that the eco-cement samples suffered less damage than conventional cement at 600 °C. The microstructural studies showed that LDS incorporation could reduce Ca(OH)2 content. It was concluded that LDS has the potential to improve the heat resistance of eco-cement products.

Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Purification ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

Future proof decentralised sludge recycling Elodry-pro®

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-848
Author(s):  
B. Geraats ◽  
M. Parnowska ◽  
L. Kox
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nox Formation

Abstract At Linz-Unkel (Germany) sewage treatment plant the first full scale state-of-art EloDry-Pro® plant for sewage sludge has been constructed, consisting of the PYREG® reactor and the EloDry® belt dryer. The system is characterised by small footprint, flexibility, modular design and efficient energy management. The sludge dried using an EloDry® belt dryer undergoes staged combustion using the PYREG® module at around 6,500°C. This reduces the sludge to a fraction of its original volume while disinfecting it and removing micro-pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. The residual ash, which has a high percentage of plant-available phosphorus, is then supplied to the fertiliser industry as a recycled raw material. The working principle of EloDry-Pro® installation, including heat flows of the system, is presented. The paper describes Pyreg®'s advanced emission control systems, preventing NOx formation and removing harmful substances such as mercury and sulphur. The EloDry-Pro® technology is an innovative and cost-effective approach to decentralised thermal recycling of sewage sludge. Both sewage sludge volumes and transportation costs are reduced by up to 90%, therefore making it a low carbon cost-effective alternative to the transportation of sludge and allowing local sludge processing at plants under 100 k population.

scholarly journals Is ceramsite the last straw for sewage sludge disposal: a review of sewage sludge disposal by producing ceramsite in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bifan He ◽  
Guangjin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sludge Disposal

Abstract With the rapid development of urbanization, the amount of urban sewage treatment is increasing. Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a by-product of sewage treatment, and its output is increasing year by year. How to properly handle WAS is related to the sustainable development of the sewage treatment industry. The production of ceramsite from WAS is an effective way to realize the utilization of sludge. This paper comprehensively describes the use of WAS as raw material, adding clay, cement, glass powder, shale, coal gangue, river sediment, pulverized fly ash and other auxiliary materials (AM) to produce sintered sewage sludge ceramsite and non-sintered sludge ceramsite. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the process of making ceramsite from WAS. The research points out the development prospect of ceramsite from WAS.

Use of Sewage Sludge on Land in the United Kingdom

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
Public Nuisance ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Uk

In the UK 30 million wet tonnes (1.2 × 106 tonnes dry solids (tds)) of sewage sludge are produced annually and its treatment and disposal costs ₤200 million per annum. Utilisation on agricultural land is the most economic disposal option for inland sewage treatment works and this route accounts for about 40% of sludge. Guidelines for sludge utilisation on land in the UK are designed to prevent contamination problems by metals, disease transmission, public nuisance and water pollution. The Council of the European Communities has introduced a Directive to be implemented in 1989 which will provide the statutory baseline for domestic guidelines in the countries of the European Community. UK guidelines and the CEC Directive are discussed in the context of potential contamination problems and the value of sludge to farmers.

Sewage Sludge Disposal: Current and Future Options

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Bruce ◽  
R. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Uk

Sewage sludge is an inevitable product of all conventional sewage treatment processes. Disposal of sludge in an economic and environmentally-acceptable manner is becoming generally more difficult. Sludge quantities are rising and disposal options decreasing. Disposal will increasingly require positive and careful management. There are four basic destinations for sludge - agriculture, other types of land, the sea or minor outlets. Treatment methods are available for the production of nine basic types of end-product to suit particular disposal requirements. The new EC Directive will regulate sludge to agriculture and will require that all sludge to farmland is treated unless it is immediately buried under the soil. Sludge to agriculture (grassland or arable) is subject to soil metal limits and to the need to minimise the risk of disease transmission. Sludge to landfill is subject to increasing constraints, particularly on physical stability. Sludge to sea is still practised by the UK but is closely controlled by Government licence and a requirement for monitoring. Minor outlets such as oil production, protein extraction etc are only at the experimental level. A computer program (WISDOM) provides a means of evaluating the short/long-term viability of alternative treatment and disposal options to identify the most economic and environmentally-acceptable strategy on an objective basis.

Basic investigation on the chemical forms of heavy metals in a sewage treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Morita ◽  
H. Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Basic Study

Sewage sludge mainly consists of organic matter, and it is rich in nutrients. Therefore, sewage sludge is beneficial as an energy resource and as a raw material for fertilizer. However, heavy metals in it are the obstacle to utilization of sludge. This study was conducted in order to know the chemical forms of heavy metals and their behavior in a sewage treatment plant as a basic study for development of technology to reduce heavy metals in sludge. Chemical methods and biological methods, such as extraction using acid, bacteria leaching, are applied to reduce heavy metals. In using these methods, the efficiency depends on the chemical forms of heavy metals. From this point of view, factors, which affect the chemical forms of heavy metals, were investigated through the survey at some plants of different conditions. Besides, experiments on the anaerobic digestion process, in which the chemical forms of heavy metals were expected to change, were conducted. As the results of these studies, it was found that the chemical forms of heavy metals and their behavior vary according to the species of heavy metals. In comparison of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), Cu was found to be changed most easily into a stable chemical form such as carbonate and sulfide. Zn was the second to Cu in its tendency to be stabilized. As for Ni, the tendency was further less than Zn.

scholarly journals Fly Ash from Thermal Conversion of Sludge as a Cement Substitute in Concrete Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4182
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rutkowska ◽  
Marek Chalecki ◽  
Mariusz Żółtowski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge

Striving for reduction of production costs and constraints on natural resources cause the use of waste materials as substitutes of traditional raw materials to become increasingly important. Dynamic development of sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants observed over the recent years leads to increase of mass of the produced sewage sludge. According to the Waste Law, the municipal sewage sludge can be used if it is properly stabilized, e.g., through thermal processing. This process results in significant quantities of fly ash which must be properly utilized. The paper presents results of investigations of influence of partial replacement of cement by the fly ash from sewage sludge on concrete parameters. It was designed as a C20/25 class concrete mix, based on the Portland cement CEM I 42.5R with various ash content. Physical and chemical properties of the ash as well as frost resistance and the compressive strength of the concrete after 28, 56 and 365 days of curing were investigated. The obtained results of investigations confirm the possibility of application of fly ash wastes as a cement substitute in the concrete manufacturing. If a predefined quantity of cement is replaced by the fly ash, then one can obtain cement composite with good strength parameters.

scholarly journals A Neural Network Model for Decision-Making with Application in Sewage Sludge Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5434
Author(s):  
Francesco Facchini ◽  
Luigi Ranieri ◽  
Micaela Vitti
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Waste Products

Wastewater treatment (WWT) is a foremost challenge for maintaining the health of ecosystems and human beings; the waste products of the water-treatment process can be a problem or an opportunity. The sewage sludge (SS) produced during sewage treatment can be considered a waste to be disposed of in a landfill or as a source for obtaining raw material to be used as a fertilizer, building material, or alternative fuel source suitable for co-incineration in a high-temperature furnace. To this concern, this study’s purpose consisted of developing a decision model, supported by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN model), allowing us to identify the most effective sludge management strategy in economic terms. Consistent with the aim of the work, the suitable SS treatment was identified, selecting for each phase of the SS treatment, an alternative available on the market ensuring energy and/or matter recovery, in line with the circular water value chain. Results show that the ANN model identifies the suitable SS treatments on multiple factors, thus supporting the decision-making and identifying the solution as per user requirements.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE TEST OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WASTE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN HOT ASPHALT MIX

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

One of the major fillers used in HMA is cement. With the extensive use of cement in mortars/concrete, there have been some environmental concerns in terms of damage caused by the extraction of raw material and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission during cement manufacture. This has brought pressures to reduce the cement consumption in the industry. This journal outlines the ongoing research on different waste materials partial replacement of cement as filler used in hot mix asphalt mixes. Many studies regarding their effects on bituminous mixes were also analysed in combination with cement filler mastic. This project summarizes the interaction of Waste materials partial replacement of cement with different percentages 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and finding out the optimun percenetage of waste material i.e: GGBS, Flyash, Concrete dust, Metakaolin and Marble powder as partial replacment of cement in bituminous mixes. Marshall properties such as stability, flow value, unit weight, air voids, are used to determine optimum waste material content for the used grade of bitumen (100/120).

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