scholarly journals Aspek Hukum Import Sampah Plastik

BESTUUR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Solikah Ana Estikomah

<p><em>Indeveloped countriesbannedtoxic waste began to be recorded afterproved disastrous. In addition there isa gap for the cost of treating waste </em><em>plastic</em><em> in the developed countries anddeveloping countries. The high cost ofwastewater treatmentin </em><em>plastic</em><em> developed countries in part due to the high cost of compliance and strict law. In contrast, the low cost sewage treatment </em><em>plastic </em><em> in developing countriesdue to the lack of law enforcement. On the other hand, as a result of the construction waste requires complextechnology for processing and finaldisposal of hazardous materials is increasingly narrows with increasingawareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection. Waste-producing countries </em><em>plastic </em><em> and then look for the easiestand cheapest way to dispose of waste. Poor countries thatare developing targeted for regulation lingkungannnyastill weak. The existence of import export </em><em>plastic </em><em> waste between advanced and developing countries may be said to have lastedlong enough for the re-emergence of international public awareness of thedangers of pollution is industrial waste.</em> <em>The analysis research was conducted in a juridical-normative manner based on literature study</em></p><p><em></em><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Waste, </em><em>law, plastic, import</em></p><p> </p>

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Nyore Ofogbe ◽  
Chidiebere Nnamani ◽  
Chika Anisiuba ◽  
Charity Ezuwore-Obodoekwe

This study is aimed at analyzing the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the Cost of the Capital (CoC) of the companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The annual panel data of the 32 companies quoted on the NSE pertaining to the period from 2005 to 2019, were judgmentally selected. The Thomson Reuthers Index was used as the measure for CSR, whereas the Cost of Equity (CoE) and the Cost of Debt (CoD) were used as the measure for CoC. The findings revealed the existence of a positive/negative nonsignificant relationship, on the one hand, and a positive/negative significant relationship as well, on the other, between CSR and CoC. The results obtained are supportive of the findings found in scholars' works, especially those in the developed countries in which this aspect has extensively been explored. To conclude, the companies that spend on CSR have a better chance of accessing capital at a better and low cost. Based absolutely on the findings, the researcher advocates that investment should incessantly be made in the issues concerning CSR, given the fact that, if consistently made, such investment may ease access to funds at a reduced cost.


Asy-Syari ah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Deden Effendi

Abstract: Waqf law can be categorized as a living law and potential of waqf can be written. The law of the living does not fully comply with regulations. This problem can lead to law-enforcement-representation issues then formulated into the question: How to advocate community against the Waqf Law? It contains public knowledge, public awareness and public obedience. Assuming sharia is natural law, it is eternal and does not change. In the case, sharia is not in accordance with waqf. The provisions of waqf law are obtained through ushul fiqh with analogical deductive reasoning patterns. The rest, the provisions regarding waqf agreement are obtained from human preferences about the general good. Waqf law is based ruh al-hukm, the spirit of teachings, and maqashid al-shariah. It is more important to be developed to be more responsive to people's priorities and needs. Opportunities for enforcement of waqf law are very large, so that at that time the community complied with waqf law. This research is a descriptive study, which analyzes waqf as a system, as well as a subsystem of a wider system. This analysis, explains the process of society from knowledge to aware and finally to be obedient. The data source used consists of library materials both in the form of documents, books, and scientific writings and other relevant information. Data collection is carried out with literature study techniques, with the approval of the principle of relevance and novelty of the information collected. The analysis is content analysis (classification, interpretation and inference findings). Abstrak: Hukum wakaf dapat dikategorikan sebagai the living law. Sekalipun demikian, terdapat usaha-usaha untuk mengaktualisasikan potensi wakaf. Hal ini mengisyaratkan, bahwa hukum-yang-hidup tidak selalu tegak secara teoritis. Sehubungan dengan itu, masalah ini dapat diidentifikasi sebagai masalah penegakan-hukum-perwakafan. Maka masalah ini dirumuskan ke dalam pertanyaan: Bagaimana kepatuhan hukum masyarakat terhadap Undang-undang Wakaf? Penelitian ini difokus­kan pada unsur-unsur mengenai pengetahuan masyarakat (legal knowledge), kesadaran masyarakat (legal awareness), dan kepatuhan masyarakat (legal obidience) terhadap UU Wakaf. Dengan asumsi syariah merupakan hukum kodrat (natural law), sehingga sifatnya kekal dan tidak berubah.  Sekalipun demikian, dalam kasus wakaf, syariah tidak menentukan secara tegas menge­nai wakaf. Ketentuan hukum wakaf diperoleh melalui ushul fiqh, dengan pola pena­laran deduktif analogis. Selebihnya, ketentuan mengenai mekanisme wakaf diper­oleh berdasar­kan preferensi manusia mengenai kebaikan umum (public good). Hukum wakaf lebih didasarkan pada ruh al-hukm, semangat ajaran, dan maqashid al-syariah. Sehingga wakaf lebih memungkinkan untuk dikembangkan menjadi lebih responsif terhadap tuntu­tan dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Peluang penegakan hukum wakaf sangat besar, sehingga pada gilirannya masyarakat patuh terhadap hukum wakaf. Penelitian ini merupa­kan penelitian deskriptif, yakni menganalisis wakaf sebagai sebuah sistem, seka­ligus subsistem dari sistem yang lebih luas. Analisis tersebut, dideskripsikan proses masya­rakat dari tahu menjadi sadar dan akhirnya menjadi patuh terhadap hukum wakaf. Sum­ber data yang digunakan berupa bahan kepustakaan, baik berupa dokumen, buku, dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah serta informasi lain yang relevan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik studi kepustakaan, dengan menekankan prinsip relevansi dan kebaruan dari informasi yang dihimpun. Adapun analisisnya adalah analisis isi (content-analysis), dengan langkah: klasifikasi data, interpretasi data, serta inferensi temuan. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Trokhymovych Komziuk ◽  
Ruslan Semenovych Orlovskyi ◽  
Bohdan Mykhailovich Orlovskyi ◽  
Taisa Vasylivna Rodionova

The purpose of the paper is to examine the most efficient forms and methods of counteracting narcotization in society, especially of the youth, and also to characterize the most important factors of the proliferation of narcotization. The authors used the following methods in the research: dialectical, dogmatic, method of systematic analysis and comparative-legal method. The paper analyses forms and methods of counteracting narcotization of the youth in Ukraine and worldwide. It elaborates the definition of the following terms: “narcotization”, “counteracting narcotization”, “forms of counteracting narcotization” and “methods of counteracting narcotization”. It ascertains that emerging and proliferation of narcotization has a direct correlation with the complex of social factors, each one of them obtained a specific characteristic. Besides analyzing the major factors of emergence and proliferation of narcotization of the youth, the paper gives particular attention to defining forms, methods and means of counteracting this socially harmful phenomenon. The paper studies positive experience in regard to activities of law enforcement agencies of the developed countries in the sphere of counteracting narcotization, including narcotization of the youth. It emphasizes that coercive methods of reducing narcotization have much lower efficiency compared to preventive methods that are generally more humane and economically efficient. The paper formulates the conclusion about the necessity of ongoing engagement of the community in counteracting narcotization of society, especially of the youth.


2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Stiglitz ◽  
Andrew Charlton

Adjustment to a post‐Doha trading regime will be disproportionately costly and difficult for developing countries. Increased aid is vital for the poor countries if they are to grasp the opportunities provided through trade and meet transition costs. With aid‐for‐trade, for the first time, the developed countries have another bound and meaningful commitment that they can offer developing countries. Our proposal to provide new resources to meet adjustment needs, however, does not suggest that trade, when combined with aid, will be a panacea for developing countries. Interactions between trade, aid, and broader development policies and reforms are important.


Author(s):  
Fesseha Mulu Gebremariam

Employing secondary sources of data this paper aims to assess the history, elements, and criticisms against New International Economic Order (NIEO). NIEO is mainly an economic movement happened after WWII with the aim of empowering developing countries politically through economic growth. It also criticizes the existing political and economic system as benefiting developed countries at the cost of developing countries so that a new system is needed that benefits poor countries. However, many criticize NIEO as hypothetical and unorganized movement. Clear division and disagreements among its members is evident. Developing countries failed to form unity, committed to meet the objectives of NIEO, and unable to compete in the market.


Author(s):  
Karolina H. Czarnecka ◽  
Filip Pawliczak

This chapter describes how managed healthcare is a systemic and institutional approach for cost management. It might be the remedy for increasing demand for limited human and material resources. In most of the developed countries the number of elderly patients with multimorbidity is increasing every year. This situation creates the necessity for implementing new policies based on cost-effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. Keeping quality high is crucial for patient safety, although cost reduction must occur to ensure the proper care for all. However, several ethical concerns are raised with these changes. The main is that although the physicians are focused on cost-effective procedures, they will take the patient's opinions into consideration. The outcome of an undermined relationship between doctors and their patients may be contrary to the reduction of the compliance and adherence may in fact increase the cost of services for specific patients. The proper communication patterns and post-discharge care is mandatory for limiting unwanted additional costs and benefits policy makers keeping patient satisfaction high.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-81

Recent statements argue that we in the developed countries are in effect in a lifeboat, well supplied with resources, while many other countries are in other lifeboats without resources such as food. They argue that we should withhold these resources or risk future destruction from depletion of our own resources. As grim as this policy seems, it has many advocates today. What should the passengers on the rich lifeboat do? In answer Callahan argues that we cannot turn away from the needs of the developing countries no matter how seductive that course may seem now. For one thing, we are dependent on raw materials from them. But, more important, he points out that to bequeath a civilization of morality to our children is an even greater need, and we cannot do that by selfish isolation. "If we are to worry about our duty to posterity, it would not hurt to ask what kind of moral legacy we should bequeath. One in which we won our own survival at the cost of outright cruelty and callousness would be tawdry and vile."


2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungho Yun

Abstract This paper presents a three-tier law enforcement model in which an inspector monitors a firm’s discharge of waste and reports it to a regulator. The inspector may engage in three forms of corruption – bribery, extortion and framing – with two types of costs: the cost of distorting information against the firm and the cost of side-transfer. In contrast with the earlier literature on corruption, we show that not only bribery but also extortion and framing may occur in equilibrium, even when all the forms of corruption could be deterred. We also find that higher costs of engaging in corruption may result in lower social welfare. Although these costs make engaging in corruption more difficult and hence more easily deter corruption, when corruption occurs in equilibrium, the costs cause wastage of scarce resources from society’s point of view. This analysis also provides an explanation of why corruption is more pervasive in less developed countries.


At-Taradhi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Rahman Fauzan

Abstract: Nowaday, there are two strategic perspective in the industialization, that are import subtitution strategic with structural perpective (Sosialism) and eksport promotion strategic with liberal perspective (Capitalism). Eventhough both of them have long been used by many countries, including Indonesia, but they have not been able to make them as the developed countries which have independence of industry and strong economic growth. This research aimed to get industrialization strategy with different perspectives, that is industrialization strategy model in Islamic perspective to create independently and strong economic growth. There are two stages in this research; the first stage is literature study to formulate the main concepts of the industrialization strategy in Islamic perspective. The second stage is to create a model of industrialization strategy ini Islamic perspective based on the formulation from the first stage. From this research showed that there are three goal of Islamic industrialization strategy they are independence, fulfillment of basic needs and defense. This research also can modeled two systems of industrialization strategy in Islamic perspective there are; the model of Industrial Funding Systems, and the model of Interaction between Resources, Industrial Type and Basic Necessities. Both models can describe the Islamic perspective of industrialization strategy in relation to independence, fulfillment of basic needs, and defense of a nation. Keywords: Construct, Model, Industrialization Strategy, Islamic Perspective, Independence, fulfillment of basic needs, defense.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Alvi Syahri

The purpose of this research to find out and analyze law enforcement against police officers who violate the code of ethics in carrying out their duties at Central Java Police, obstacles and solving obstacles. This study uses a sociological juridical approach with descriptive analysis research specifications. The data used are primary data and secondary data obtained through interviews and literature study. The data analysis method used is qualitative analysis. Furthermore, based on the research results it can be concluded: Law enforcement against police officers who violate the code of ethics in carrying out their duties at the Central Java Regional Police refers to Act No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Police, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2003 concerning Disciplinary Regulations for Members of the National Police and Regulation of the Chief of Police No. Pol. 14 of 2011 concerning the Professional Code of Ethics for the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. Several factors that hinder law enforcement against unscrupulous police officers who violate the code of ethics are divided into internal factors: Leaders who have not fully paid attention to the implementation of disciplinary law enforcement duties for Polri members, level of discipline, awareness and compliance of Polri members with binding disciplinary regulations and applies to him is still relatively low so that disciplinary violations keep happening, Polri's disciplinary law enforcement often appears to lack transparency. External factors: Lack of public awareness in conducting supervision and complaints when there are people who violate them.Keywords: Law Enforcement; Police Officers; Offenses; Code of Ethics.


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