Risk analysis of wastewater reclamation and reuse

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Ganoulis ◽  
Anastasia Papalopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
States Of Nature

Wastewater reclamation and reuse involve alternative technologies for sewage treatment (biological oxidation, nitrification-denitrification, use of lagoons and aquifer recharge), different states of nature (climatic conditions, type of soils, irrigated crops, irrigation systems, socio-economic environments) and various preferences or criteria (economic, environmental, aesthetics, etc.). Although tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater should be applied before any recycling of wastewater a risk still exists from enteric virus and toxic contaminations. To determine risks from wastewater reclamation and reuse, the engineering risk analysis is a very useful framework (Ganoulis, 1994). The various steps to be undertaken for a comprehensive application of risk analysis techniques to wastewater reclamation and reuse are summarized in this paper. These are (a) identification of hazards, (b) risk quantification, (c) consequences of risk and (d) risk management. The main objective of the analysis is to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) for managing the risks related to a particular application of wastewater reclamation and reuse.

Evaluation of the California Wastewater Reclamation Criteria Using Enteric Virus Monitoring Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Asano ◽  
L. Y. C. Leong ◽  
M. G. Rigby ◽  
R. H. Sakaji
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Crop Irrigation

The State of California's WastewaterReclamationCriteria is under review and will be revised and expanded to include several new regulations on the use of reclaimed municipal wastewater. To provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the existing and proposed Criteria, enteric virus monitoring data from secondary and tertiary effluents were evaluated. These virus data were obtained from special studies and monitoring reports, covering the period from 1975 to 1989, including ten municipal wastewater treatment facilities in California. Based on the enteric virus data from these reports, and using the current Criteria as a guide, four exposure scenarios were developed to determine the risk of waterborne enteric virus infection to humans as a consequence of wastewater reclamation and reuse. The exposure assessments included food crop irrigation, landscape irrigation for golf courses, recreational impoundments, and ground water recharge. The virus enumeration and the resulting risk assessments described in this paper provide a comparative basis for addressing the treatment and fate of enteric viruses in wastewater reclamation and reuse. The analyses show that annual risk of infection from exposure to chlorinated tertiary effluent containing 1 viral unit/100 L in recreational activities such as swimming or golfing is in the range of 10−2 to 10−7, while exposures resulting from food-crop irrigation or groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater is in the range of 10−6 to 10−11. The risk analyses are also used to demonstrate that the probability of infection can be further mitigated by controlling exposure to reclaimed wastewater in the use area.

The role of physical-chemical treatment in wastewater reclamation and reuse

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Adin ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

Amid the heightened public health concerns for emerging microorganisms such as cryptosporidium and enteropathogenic E. coli in the water environment, there have been many instances where optimization of chemical coagulation-flocculation processes and filtration of wastewater was not achieved in practice, resulting in waste of coagulant chemicals and breach of the multiple barriers to pathogen removal and inactivation; thus, unnecessarily endangering public health. In addition, lack of information on the optimization of these processes has hampered the establishment of alternative and more cost-effective wastewater reclamation methods for tertiary and advanced wastewater treatment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the basic factors affecting the optimization of chemical coagulation-flocculation and filtration processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse, based on the theoretical developments and practical applications. Reference is also made to the wastewater treatment processes and operations that can produce reclaimed water with an extremely small probability of enteric virus contamination.

The Evaluation of Decentralized Wastewater Reuse Based on Environmental Accounting

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Liu ◽  
Ying Jun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

Decentralized wastewater reclamation and reuse project as a useful complement of Centralized sewage treatment and reuse is a good way to solve water shortages and water environment pollution in urban and surrounding areas. Then the investors tend to focus on the projects financial economic effectiveness when making decisions, hindered the development of decentralized wastewater reclamation and reuse project. To promote decentralized wastewater reclamation and reuse projects rapid growth, proposed decentralized wastewater reclamation and reuse Evaluation System and Model based on environment accounting perspective. Through analyze a project by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model in university in Xi'an. The result shows that this project not only has a good economic benefit, but also they can improve the environment and promote sustainable development of society.

Performance improvement of hybrid membrane bioreactor with PAC addition for water reuse

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
H. Cui ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Coat Layer

A study was carried out on a hybrid (AS-SBF) membrane bioreactor (HMBR) for the municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse at Chengfengzhuang WWTP in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. It was found that the effects of DO and water temperature on performance of the HMBR was significant. Under the conditions of water temperature in range of 10–14°C, pH of 6.6–7.0, DO of 4–6mg/l and HRT of 7h, the HMBR exhibited removal efficiencies for CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N and TN of 96.7%, 98.9%, 93.7% and 60.5% respectively. The turbidity of effluent from HMBR was below 1NTU. The effluent of HMBR meets the standard of wastewater reclamation for oil exploitation. PAC was added into the bioreactor at the second operating stage, in order to further research parameters variation. The flux was improved by 53.2%, compared to the membrane without PAC-addition, due to formation of a PAC pre-coat layer on the membrane surface, with lots of advantages such as larger granules, higher porosity, non-compressibility, higher filterability and easy removal, compared with pure biomass layer. In addition, the performance of HMBR was further improved, due to adsorption and degradation of SMPs, the average removal of CODcr and TN was further improved by 5.1% and 13.5% respectively. Biomass in the HMBR was quantitatively measured, of which the biofilm played a major role in pollutants removal.

scholarly journals The role of membrane processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse

Desalination ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 178 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin ◽  
A. Schäfer ◽  
S. Khan ◽  
M. Muston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

Virus Risk Analysis in Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse

1990 ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asano ◽  
Richard H. Sakaji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

Municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse using membrane-based technologies: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiong Zheng ◽  
Yinguang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in Europe: a model-based potential estimation

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hochstrat ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin ◽  
P. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Future Projection ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

The basic aim of this paper is to present an approach to quantitatively assess the potential of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse in a European context. The model developed is based on the analysis and interrelation of water management data like water availability, water demand and treated effluent. In conjunction with information about the current status of wastewater reuse simple key figures are deduced, which allow future projection of wastewater reclamation and reuse. The simulation points out that there is a significant potential for an increased utilisation of reclaimed wastewater in many European countries, specifically in the Mediterranean region driven by different factors like increased wastewater treatment capacity and higher demand for irrigation and groundwater recharge.

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