Performance improvement of hybrid membrane bioreactor with PAC addition for water reuse

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
H. Cui ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Coat Layer

A study was carried out on a hybrid (AS-SBF) membrane bioreactor (HMBR) for the municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse at Chengfengzhuang WWTP in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. It was found that the effects of DO and water temperature on performance of the HMBR was significant. Under the conditions of water temperature in range of 10–14°C, pH of 6.6–7.0, DO of 4–6mg/l and HRT of 7h, the HMBR exhibited removal efficiencies for CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N and TN of 96.7%, 98.9%, 93.7% and 60.5% respectively. The turbidity of effluent from HMBR was below 1NTU. The effluent of HMBR meets the standard of wastewater reclamation for oil exploitation. PAC was added into the bioreactor at the second operating stage, in order to further research parameters variation. The flux was improved by 53.2%, compared to the membrane without PAC-addition, due to formation of a PAC pre-coat layer on the membrane surface, with lots of advantages such as larger granules, higher porosity, non-compressibility, higher filterability and easy removal, compared with pure biomass layer. In addition, the performance of HMBR was further improved, due to adsorption and degradation of SMPs, the average removal of CODcr and TN was further improved by 5.1% and 13.5% respectively. Biomass in the HMBR was quantitatively measured, of which the biofilm played a major role in pollutants removal.

Aspects of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse for future water resource shortages in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Chiou ◽  
T.C. Chang ◽  
C.F. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has predicted that the annual water demand in Taiwan will reach approximately 20 billion m3 by 2021. However, the present water supply is only 18 billion m3 per year. This means that an additional 2 billion m3 have to be developed in the next 17 years. The reuse of treated wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants could be one target for the development of new water resources. The responsible government departments already have plans to construct public sewerage systems in order to improve the quality of life of the populace and protect the environment. The treated wastewater effluent from such municipal wastewater treatment plants could be a very stable and readily available secondary type of water resource, different from the traditional types of water resources. The major areas where reclaimed municipal wastewater can be used to replace traditional fresh water resources include agricultural and landscape irrigation, street cleaning, toilet flushing, secondary industrial reuse and environmental uses. However, necessary wastewater reclamation and reuse systems have not yet been established. The requirements for their establishment include water reuse guidelines and criteria, the elimination of health risks ensuring safe use, the determination of the wastewater treatment level appropriate for the reuse category, as well as the development and application of management systems reuse. An integrated system for water reuse would be of great benefit to us all by providing more efficient ways to utilise the water resources.

Evaluation of the California Wastewater Reclamation Criteria Using Enteric Virus Monitoring Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Asano ◽  
L. Y. C. Leong ◽  
M. G. Rigby ◽  
R. H. Sakaji
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Crop Irrigation

The State of California's WastewaterReclamationCriteria is under review and will be revised and expanded to include several new regulations on the use of reclaimed municipal wastewater. To provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the existing and proposed Criteria, enteric virus monitoring data from secondary and tertiary effluents were evaluated. These virus data were obtained from special studies and monitoring reports, covering the period from 1975 to 1989, including ten municipal wastewater treatment facilities in California. Based on the enteric virus data from these reports, and using the current Criteria as a guide, four exposure scenarios were developed to determine the risk of waterborne enteric virus infection to humans as a consequence of wastewater reclamation and reuse. The exposure assessments included food crop irrigation, landscape irrigation for golf courses, recreational impoundments, and ground water recharge. The virus enumeration and the resulting risk assessments described in this paper provide a comparative basis for addressing the treatment and fate of enteric viruses in wastewater reclamation and reuse. The analyses show that annual risk of infection from exposure to chlorinated tertiary effluent containing 1 viral unit/100 L in recreational activities such as swimming or golfing is in the range of 10−2 to 10−7, while exposures resulting from food-crop irrigation or groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater is in the range of 10−6 to 10−11. The risk analyses are also used to demonstrate that the probability of infection can be further mitigated by controlling exposure to reclaimed wastewater in the use area.

Implementation of the Cracow municipal wastewater reclamation system for industrial water reuse

Desalination ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kurbiel ◽  
Krystyna Żeglin ◽  
Stanisław M. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Reclamation System

Evaluation of a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration for municipal wastewater reclamation: Trace contaminant control and fouling mitigation

Desalination ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 272 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangmin Chon ◽  
Sarper Sarp ◽  
Sungyun Lee ◽  
Jong-Hoon Lee ◽  
J.A. Lopez-Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Fouling Mitigation ◽  
Trace Contaminant ◽  
Contaminant Control

Impact of chemical cleaning and air-sparging on the critical and sustainable flux in a flat sheet membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Guglielmi ◽  
D. Chiarani ◽  
D. P. Saroj ◽  
G. Andreottola
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Exponential Trend ◽  
Flat Sheet Membrane

The paper discusses the experimental optimisation of both chemical and mechanical cleaning procedures for a flat-sheet submerged membrane bioreactor fed with municipal wastewater. Fouling was evaluated by means of the critical flux concept, which was experimentally measured by short-term flux-stepping tests. By keeping constant most important parameters of the biological process (MLSS, sludge age), two different chemical cleaning protocols (2,000 mg L−1 NaOCl and 200 mg L−1 NaOCl) were applied with different frequency and, after approximately 9 months of operation, the criticality threshold was determined under different values of SADm (specific aeration demand per unit of membrane surface area). The weaker and more frequent chemical cleaning regime (200 mg L−1, monthly) proved much more effective than the stronger and less frequent strategy (2,000 mg L−1, once every three months). The improvement of performances was quantified by two TMP-based parameters, the fouling rate and the ΔTMP (difference between TMP values during the increasing and decreasing phase of hysteresis). The best performing configuration was then checked over a longer period by running four long-term trials showing an exponential trend of the sub-critical fouling rate with the imposed flux.

Water Recycling Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Water District

Water recycling systems implies the initial treatment requirements for various water reuse schemes including unit process descriptions, performance and cost data. Several volumes of text are required for adequate coverage of the above subject and this paper will only attempt to highlight important areas, provide guidelines and give needed direction. Cost functions of one important U.S. Research/ Demonstration Facility (Water Factory 21) are given in more detail. Much of the data has been summarized from four important publications shown below and the reader seeking additional information is encouraged to examine these in detail.1.Water Reuse and Recycling - Volume 2 - Evaluation of Treactment Technology, 1979, U.S. Office of Water Research & Technology (OWRT). Report by Culp/Wesner/Culp Engineers, NTIS #PB 80-131469.2.Guidelines for Water Reuse, August 1980, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report by Camp Dresser & McKee Engineers, NTIS #PB 81-105017.3.Evaluation of, Membrane. Processes and Their Role in Wastewater Reclamation, 1981. OWRT sponsored report by Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California, USA.4.Municipal Wastewater Reuse News. OWRT sponsored monthly newsletter by AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Pilot study of SBR biological treatment and microfiltration for reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Messalem ◽  
A. Brenner ◽  
S. Shandalov ◽  
Y. Leroux ◽  
P. Uzlaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Scheme

In Israel the shortage of water and concern for the quality of groundwater resources have led to an awareness that a national wastewater reclamation program must be developed. Such a program could cover a major part of the agricultural water demand and could facilitate disposal of effluents without health hazards or environmental problems. A two-stage pilot-scale system comprising secondary sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment and tertiary microfiltration was operated for the treatment of Beer-Sheva municipal wastewater. The self-cleaning, continuous microfiltration system comprised a filter module made up of hollow fiber microporous membranes, with a pore size distribution of less than 0.1 μm, encapsulated into a bundle. The unit, which has a nominal filtration area of 4 m2, can treat 4–5 m3 of sewage per day, at a nominal rate of about 500 L/h. SBR treatment of the raw sewage produced an effluent with a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of <20 mg/L and total suspended solids (TSS) of <20 mg/L. Further treatment by microfiltration resulted in a BOD <5 mg/L, TSS <1 mg/L and turbidity <0.2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Bacterial counts showed 6-log removal of coliforms and fecal coliforms. These results indicate that the two-stage scheme is capable of producing an effluent that meets or even surpasses the requirements for unrestricted water reuse for agriculture.

Reclaimed water reuse in the Mediterranean region: some considerations on water resources, standards and bacterial re-growth phenomena

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nurizzo
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
Economical Feasibility

Problems related to wastewater reclamation and reuse in the countries of the Mediterranean region are discussed with reference to growing conflicts among agriculture, tourism, cities and industries. All reuse options are strongly influenced by requested water quality, especially the microbiological one, and for this reason standards for reclaimed water have to be fixed having in mind both the safety of reuse and its practical and economical feasibility. The paper will discuss, as an example of a type of approach, also the regulations' evolution with reference to the Italian situation. Some considerations on the feasibility of current indicator bacteria will be done, making reference also to the bacterial re-growth potential associated with various disinfection agents and to the applicability of advanced methods capable to individuate partially damaged cells and therefore useful to a better evaluation of the possible re-growth phenomena.

Pharmaceutical rejection by membranes for wastewater reclamation and reuse

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-Y. Park ◽  
J.H. Lee ◽  
I.S. Kim ◽  
J. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Hydrodynamic Condition ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Mass Transfer Parameter ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
By Products

Various membranes, which have different materials and nominal molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO), were compared in terms of rejection of ibuprofen and removal of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from membrane bioreactor (MBR), because pharmaceutical compounds contain a potential risk and EfOM is the precursor of carcinogenic disinfection by-products when reusing for drinking water source. To provide equivalent comparison with respect to hydrodynamic condition, mass transfer parameter, J0/k ratio, was used. A tight-UF membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 8,000 daltons exhibited 25∼95% removal efficiencies of ibuprofen with a molecular weight of 206 with and without presence of EfOMMBR. EfOMMBR caused the reduction of ibuprofen removal efficiency for UF membrane. Rejection of EfOMMBR by UF and NF membranes ranged 29∼47% and 69∼86%, respectively. UF membrane could successfully remove ibuprofen at lower J0/k ratio range (≤1) in organic free water but could not efficiently reject ibuprofen with a relatively hydrophilic EfOMMBR (SUVA ≤3).

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