Evaluation of a Taste and Odor Incident on the Ohio River

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Noblet ◽  
L. Schweitzer ◽  
E. Ibrahim ◽  
K. D. Stolzenbach ◽  
L. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Isomer Ratio ◽  
Taste And Odor

This study describes a taste and odor event which occurred along the Ohio River during 1989 involving rinse water from a resin manufacturer that contained chemicals which reacted to form 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (2EMD). The events under which the chemical was formed and transported from the resin manufacturing facility to the sewage treatment plan to the Ohio River are described. Taste and odors were detected in water supplies as far as 137 miles downstream from the point of discharge. Due to its hydrophilic nature, 2EMD was not sufficiently removed by the wastewater treatment plant using activated sludge treatment nor by drinking water treatment facilities downstream, even those which utilized granular activated carbon. 2EMD (consisting of cis:trans isomers, stable at a ratio of about 60:40) was the major component of the odor of the drinking water found in samples of the local water distribution system. An FPA panel described the synthesized cis/trans 60:40 isomer ratio of 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane as having a medicinal sweet or sickening sweet smell which matched the odor found in the samples from the impacted sites (resin manufacturer and drinking waters downstream).

scholarly journals Persistence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in a Drinking Water System after Addition of Filtration Treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 5864-5869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Hilborn ◽  
Terry C. Covert ◽  
Mitchell A. Yakrus ◽  
Stephanie I. Harris ◽  
Sandra F. Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water System

ABSTRACT There is evidence that drinking water may be a source of infections with pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in humans. One method by which NTM are believed to enter drinking water distribution systems is by their intracellular colonization of protozoa. Our goal was to determine whether we could detect a reduction in the prevalence of NTM recovered from an unfiltered surface drinking water system after the addition of ozonation and filtration treatment and to characterize NTM isolates by using molecular methods. We sampled water from two initially unfiltered surface drinking water treatment plants over a 29-month period. One plant received the addition of filtration and ozonation after 6 months of sampling. Sample sites included those at treatment plant effluents, distributed water, and cold water taps (point-of-use [POU] sites) in public or commercial buildings located within each distribution system. NTM were recovered from 27% of the sites. POU sites yielded the majority of NTM, with >50% recovery despite the addition of ozonation and filtration. Closely related electrophoretic groups of Mycobacterium avium were found to persist at POU sites for up to 26 months. Water collected from POU cold water outlets was persistently colonized with NTM despite the addition of ozonation and filtration to a drinking water system. This suggests that cold water POU outlets need to be considered as a potential source of chronic human exposure to NTM.

scholarly journals Design Aspects, Energy Consumption Evaluation, and Offset for Drinking Water Treatment Operation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Saria Bukhary ◽  
Jacimaria Batista ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System

Drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, and water distribution are energy-intensive processes. The goal of this study was to design the unit processes of an existing drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), evaluate the associated energy consumption, and then offset it using solar photovoltaics (PVs) to reduce carbon emissions. The selected DWTP, situated in the southwestern United States, utilizes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination to treat 3.94 m3 of local river water per second. Based on the energy consumption determined for each unit process (validated using the plant’s data) and the plant’s available landholding, the DWTP was sized for solar PV (as a modeling study) using the system advisor model. Total operational energy consumption was estimated to be 56.3 MWh day−1 for the DWTP including water distribution pumps, whereas energy consumption for the DWTP excluding water distribution pumps was 2661 kWh day−1. The results showed that the largest consumers of energy—after the water distribution pumps (158.1 Wh m−3)—were the processes of coagulation (1.95 Wh m−3) and flocculation (1.93 Wh m−3). A 500 kW PV system was found to be sufficient to offset the energy consumption of the water treatment only operations, for a net present value of $0.24 million. The net reduction in carbon emissions due to the PV-based design was found to be 450 and 240 metric tons CO2-eq year−1 with and without battery storage, respectively. This methodology can be applied to other existing DWTPs for design and assessment of energy consumption and use of renewables.

Inactivation of indigenous bacteria in water by ozone and chlorine

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Joret ◽  
V. Mennecart ◽  
C. Robert ◽  
B. Compagnon ◽  
P. Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Active Bacteria

The aim of this study was to compare the level of removal and inactivation of indigenous bacteria during drinking water production as evaluated by culture techniques and epifluorescent microscopic counts of metabolically active bacteria (in situ respiring bacteria i.e. able to metabolise CTC: cyano 2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride). Two sets of experiments were designed: a) bacterial counts through a full scale drinking water treatment plant (multibarrier treatment including coagulation-flocculation-settling, sand filtration, ozonation, biological GAC filtration, post-chlorination) and distribution system; b) benchscale disinfection studies in order to re-evaluate the C.t values necessary to inactivate laboratory grown E. coli or indigenous bacteria from water by ozone and chlorine. Main conclusions of this study are: a) significant amounts of in situ respiring bacteria (undetected by the classical culture techniques) are detected in finished water; b) the efficiency of ozone and chlorine recorded by microscopic counts of active bacteria is much less than supposed by classical enumerations of culturable bacteria; c) previous results reported in the literature may have largely overestimated the bactericidal efficiency of disinfectants used for producing drinking water.

Optimal flow distribution over multiple parallel pellet reactors: a model-based approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. van Schagen ◽  
R. Babuška ◽  
L.C. Rietveld ◽  
E.T. Baars
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Softening Process

A drinking water treatment plant has a typical configuration of parallel lanes to provide safe drinking water 24 h a day. A new approach for optimising the production of drinking water treatment plants is proposed. This approach is applied to the softening process step and shows promising results in terms of cost reduction by optimising the water distribution over several parallel reactors. The proposed scheme relies on optimal model-based control of a single softening reactor and the use of a bypass.

Rouse Hill – Australia's first full scale domestic non-potable reuse application

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian B. Law
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
North West ◽  
Potable Reuse

There has been increasing interest in reuse of effluent from sewage treatment plants in Australia in recent years, not only for agricultural or land irrigation purposes but also for the provision of dual water supplies to residential areas for the non-potable purposes of toilet flushing, car washing, garden watering and park or other open space irrigation. The Rouse Hill development in the north west of Sydney is Australia's first full scale application of domestic non-potable reuse, with the sewage treatment plant and the dual water distribution system being commissioned in late 1994. This paper describes the Rouse Hill project as a whole including the reasoning behind the installation of the dual water supply system, the design of the sewage treatment plant, the effluent qualities achieved, the design of the dual water distribution system and the requirements of the regulatory authority, the NSW Environmental Protection Authority.

scholarly journals A framework for the use of artificial neural networks for water treatment: development and application

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3301-3317
Author(s):  
Rafael Paulino ◽  
Pierre Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Uv Transmittance

Abstract Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are increasingly being used in water treatment applications because of their ability to model complex systems. The present study proposed a framework to develop and validate ANNs for drinking water treatment and distribution system water quality applications. The framework was used to develop ANNs to identify the optimal ozone dose required for effective UV disinfection and to meet regulatory requirements for disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the distribution system. Treatment at a full-scale treatment plant was successfully modelled, with treated water UV transmittance as the output variable. ANNs could be used to identify operating setpoints that minimize operating costs for effective disinfection during drinking water treatment. However, because of the limited data available to train and validate the distribution system ANNs (i.e. n = 48; 15 years of quarterly measurements), these could not be used to reliably identify operating setpoints that also ensure compliance with DBP regulations.

The biological safety of distribution systems following UV disinfection in rural areas in Beijing, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 854-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
Wenjun Liu ◽  
Lifeng Cui ◽  
Leibin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

In rural areas, UV disinfection has a great potential for drinking water treatment because of the ability to achieve target disinfection levels and the ease of operation and maintenance; however, UV disinfection provides no disinfection residual to the water distribution system. This study examines the biological safety of rural water distribution systems following UV disinfection. The results showed that in all the tested villages, heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were below 500 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and total bacterial counts (TBC) were below 100 CFU/mL. Both meet the drinking water standard in China. The HPC concentration was related to the water temperature, the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and water distribution system conditions. Total coliforms were detectable at some water distribution system sampling points in two out of eight villages.

scholarly journals Low-nutrient R2A medium in monitoring microbiological quality of drinking water

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Ciric ◽  
Olga Petrovic ◽  
Dragan Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria

The possibility of using low-nutrient R2A medium for determining the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was investigated. Sampling of water from particular points of water treatment and distribution at Krusevac drinking water treatment plant was conducted. The samples were inoculated simultaneously on Plate Count Agar (PCA) and R2A media, and incubated at 37 ?C and at room temperature. The bacterial count was determined after 48, 72, 120 and 168 h. The statistical analysis of the results showed significantly higher bacterial count on R2A medium compared to PCA. Moreover, a significantly higher bacterial count developed at room temperature compared to the temperature of 37?C. R2A medium recorded 3.6% of unsafe samples in the distribution system after the 7-day incubation at room temperature. On the basis of the obtained results, an optimum method for determining the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria for all investigated waters has been defined. The process of incubation is predictable and it can be described by a mathematical model in the form of a polynomial of the second or the third power.

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