The biofilm filter sequencing batch reactor (BFSBR)

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brinke-Seiferth ◽  
J. Behrendt ◽  
I. Sekoulov
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Order Kinetic

A new concept for waste water treatment based on biofilm technology is developed. Industrial waste water can be treated flexibly in a single reactor in which multiple processes can be carried out. The low cost of investment allows a cost-saving advanced treatment for the pollutants from small and medium sized factories as well as for separate streams of process waste water. The submerged reactor filled with packed material works in intermittent mode. After filling the reactor with waste water, the water is recirculated. During the recirculation phase the biofilm carriers will be fluidized to minimize the boundary layer and to maximize the reaction rate. During the last biofilm filtration phase the water will be discharged through the bed material. Suspended solids and dissolved residual pollutants are further reduced. The retention time in the reactor can be chosen depending on the effluent requirements. Results from fixed bed pilot scale experiments show that, depending on superficial water velocity, a part of the volume is not flowing through convectively. This stagnant volume has a great influence on the reaction rate and can be reduced by increasing superficial water velocity. The nitrification rate of a fixed bed depends on oxygen transfer. Increasing the superficial air velocity from 5 m/h to 15 m/h will increase the reaction rate by about 50%. The reaction in the fixed bed can be described as half order kinetic. Removal rate constants of k1/2A=0.86 (vair= 10 m/h) and 1.13 g NH4-N0.5m−0.5·d−1 (vair=15 m/h) could be achieved.

scholarly journals Ozone Application for Tofu Waste Water Treatment and Its Utilisation for Growth Medium of Microalgae Spirulina sp

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
First Order ◽  
Degradation Rate Constant ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Tofu industries produce waste water containing high organic contents and suspendid solid which is harmful if directly discharged to the environment. This waste can lead to disruption of water quality and lowering the environmental carrying capacity of waters around the tofu industries. Besides, the tofu waste water still contains high nitrogen contents which can be used for microalgae growth. This study was aimed to reduce the pollution load (chemical oxygen demand-COD) of tofue wastewater by using ozone treatments and to utilize nutrients in treated tofu waste water as medium growth of microalgae. The result showed that the reduction of COD by implementation of ozone treatment followed first order kinetic. Under variation of waste concentrations between 10-40%, the degradation rate constant was in the range of 0.00237-0.0149 min-1. The microalgae was able to grow in the tofue waste medium by the growth rate constants of 0.15-0.29 day-1. This study concluded that tofu waste was highly potent for microalgae growth.

scholarly journals Photoreduction of Cr(VI) Ions in Aqueous Solutions by UV/ Photocatalytic Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih Ming Ma ◽  
Yung Shuen Shen ◽  
Po Hsiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes ◽  
Order Kinetic Equation

This study discussed the photoreduction of Cr(VI) ions in aqueous solutions by UV/TiO2photocatalytic processes under various operational factors. Experimental results showed that the removal rate of Cr(VI) increased with decreasing solution pH values and with increasing dosages of organic compounds, indicating that the recombination rate of electrons and h+can be retarded in the reaction systems by the addition of the scavenger, thus raising the reaction rate of Cr(VI). The relationship of the chemical reaction rate of Cr(VI), TiO2dosage, and changes of Cr(VI) concentration was expressed by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. Comparing the experimental results of two different doping metals in modified TiO2photoreduction systems, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by the Ag/TiO2process is larger, possibly because the electron transferring ability of Ag is superior to that of Cu. However, the photoreduction rates of Cr(VI) by modified UV/TiO2processes are worse than those by a nonmodified commercial UV/TiO2process.

Effect of Concentration on Electrospinning Oil Sorptive Fiber

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1611-1616
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Liu ◽  
Hua Bin Xu ◽  
Yi Bing Deng
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Sorption Ability

Electrospinning is a convenient method used in the preparation of ultrafine oil sorptive fibers based on Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), Electrospun fiber diameter, varying in large from micrometer to nanometer, mainly depends upon the solution concentration, which has great influence on this function fiber’s sorption ability. The non-linear relation between mean fiber diameter (d) and solution concentration (C) was investigated and it follows a simple scaling law in the form . This relationship can be used to predict the target fiber diameter and guide the processing technique. The effects of various C on oil sorption ability were investigated in a batch-sorption technique. A comparison of the kinetic models, showed that the removal rate fit the first order kinetic model well, which suggested the sorption process is rapid, can reach equilibrium within a short time.

Effect of Adding Rare Earths into Iron-Carbon Micro Electrolysis Process on Degradation of Dyeing Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Chi Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Powder ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Powder Particle Size ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Electrolysis Process

Nowadays the traditional dyeing wastewater treatments based on flocculation-biochemical technology become more difficult than before. The study in this paper aim was it to probe how adding rare earths (REs) into iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process to advance dyeing wastewater degradation. Firstly, the principle was discussed. Then the experimental methods were stated and it followed by exploring effect of iron powder size on the dye decolorization rate. Next were design of the micro electrolysis orthogonal experiments and discussion of influences of related factors on waste water treatment. The experimental results show that besides common iron powder particle size and the processing time, the factors that have great influence on dyeing wastewater treatment are Ce4+, pH, La3+ and iron/carbon ratio. The sequence of factors influence on wastewater micro-electrolysis treatment is Ce4+ > pH > La3+ > iron/carbon ratio. When pH is 6, COD removal rate arrives at maximum 89%, however when the pH is in the case of too high or too low, the effect of sewage degradation is not good.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Menggunakan Kombinasi Settlement Tank dan Fixed-Bed Coloumn Up-Flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Khalimatus Sa’diyah ◽  
Muchamad Syarwani ◽  
S. Sigit Udjiana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Sand Beds

Air limbah domestik yang memiliki kadar BOD, COD, TSS, Turbidity dan pH tinggi menjadi salah satu penyebab pencemaran air. Sehingga perlu adanya pengolahan lebih lanjut sebelum dibuang ke sungai atau badan air. Salah satu pengolahan air limbah yang bisa digunakan adalah kombinasi settlement tank dan fixed-bed coloumn up-flow. Alat ini dipilih karena harganya terjangkau, bahan mudah didapat dan peralatannya mudah dioperasikan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini untuk menurunkan kadar turbidity, TSS dan BOD. Penurunan parameter ini dipengaruhi oleh waktu settlement tank, waktu pengontakkan effluent dan tinggi unggun pasir. Hasil penelitian pada settlement tank secara aerob didapatkan persen penurunan turbidity, TSS dan BOD  yang tertinggi pada settlement tank 6 hari dengan nilai 48,21%; 75,27% dan 52,84 %. Pada alat fixed-bed coloumn up-flow secara kontinyu dengan waktu aerasi settlement tank 6 hari didapatkan persen penurunan turbidity yang tertinggi pada tinggi unggun pasir 20 cm sebesar 18,57%, sedangkan  persen penurunan TSS dan BOD yang paling tinggi pada tinggi unggun pasir 30 cm yaitu 41,46% dan 11,23%.Domestic waste water is one of the causes of water pollution. Domestic waste water has high levels of BOD, COD, TSS, Turbidity and pH. Therefore, it need futher processing so that the conditions is safe when discharged in river or lake. One of waste water treatment is combination of settlement tank and fixed-bed coloumn up-flow. This equipment is selected because the price is affordable, materials and equipment can be obtained, and easy to operate. The main purpose of this study is to decrease levels of turbidity, TSS and BOD. Decreased parameters are affected by time of seetlement tank, time of effluent contact and high of sand beds. Result of research on settelement tank aerob obtained highest percentage of turbidity, TSS and BOD decrease in 6 day settlement tank with value 48.21%, 75.27% and 52.84%. In a continuous fixed-bed coloumn up-flow with aeration time,  6-day in settlement tank, obtained the highest percentage of turbidity reduction at 20 cm sand bed height of 18.57%, while the highest percentage of TSS and BOD reduction in sand bed height was 30 cm is 41.46% and 11.23%.

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