Reed bed systems: design, performance and maintainability

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gschlößl ◽  
H. Stuible
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Hazardous Organic Compounds ◽  
Reed Bed

Constructed wetlands in many different forms have been used in the rural regions of Bavaria for sewage treatment for several years. In 1998 the Abwassertechnische Vereinigung (ATV) published unique design and treatment guidelines with the aim to operate reed bed plants up to a size of 1000 p.e. according to technical standards concerning the oxidation of BOD and COD which will be presented. The treatment capacities of two reed bed plants in Bavaria which were constructed in accordance with these technical standards have been characterised by a high quality effluent during the first ten years of performance. This was especially the case during summer. After more than ten years the plant of See showed a reduced treatment quality. Practical results of investigations on the absorption of heavy metals and other hazardous organic compounds in the substrate of the two reed bed plants will demonstrate that only copper and zinc are significantly stored in the material after more than ten years of performance. The possibility of advanced sewage treatment in constructed wetlands will be discussed.

Constructed reed beds: appropriate technology for small communities

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Green ◽  
J. Upton
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
Very High

Reed bed treatment is put in the context of a major water company’s need to provide reliable, high quality, effluents from small sewage treatment works whilst seeking to minimise running costs. Design and operational information is given for reed bed applications in Severn Trent Water. Performance details are provided for application to secondary, tertiary and storm overflow treatment. The results give particular confidence in the system’s ability to deliver very high quality effluents when used for tertiary treatment, the company’s biggest application. Reed beds work well against less demanding criteria for secondary treatment at small sites and show great promise for storm overflow treatment.

Reed bed treatment systems for sewage treatment in the United Kingdom - the first 10 years’ experience

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cooper ◽  
B. Green
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
The Uk

The UK Water Industry first became interested in Reed Bed Treatment Systems for sewage in 1985. Early problems were experienced with soil-based horizontal-flow systems of the Root Zone type. The problems were overcome by national co-ordination of a development programme and international co-operation by an EC Expert Contact Group. A number of different types of systems have now been developed and the systems are now being accepted. The paper reviews the development of these systems for secondary and tertiary treatment and nitrification and mentions development of systems for other forms of treatment. The design changes made to overcome the problems are described. These include the gradual move to the use of gravel-based systems because of the difficulty experienced with over-land flow in the soil systems. The sizing of the systems is described together with performance data for the original horizontal-flow and the more recently developed vertical-flow systems. Treatment at secondary and tertiary levels is illustrated and the potential for nitrification. Early problems with reed growth have been overcome by planting with port-grown seedlings. After 10 years the process is generally accepted by the Water Industry as an appropriate treatment for villages and there are now between 200 and 300 systems in operation.

scholarly journals Table of contents and Foreword

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
João Antonio Martino ◽  
Luigi Carro
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
High Quality

This issue of Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems (JICS) includes 6 papers on design, test and CAD. These papers have been selected from the presentations given at SBCCI2006 (Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design), which was organized in Ouro Preto, Brazil in 2006. Among the contributions presented at SBCCI2006 conference, only a few were selected by the Technical Committee for this issue. These papers have been submitted to usual reviewing process with the help of external experts. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their help on paper selection which guarantees the scientic level of this issue.We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions, as we have enjoyed listening to them at the SBCCI2006 conference.  The Editors.

Comparison of PPCPs removal on a parallel-operated MBR and AS system and evaluation of effluent post-treatment on vertical flow reed beds

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2411-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Reif ◽  
A. Besancon ◽  
K. Le Corre ◽  
B. Jefferson ◽  
J. M. Lema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Reed Beds

The presence in the aquatic environment of xenobiotics such as Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) has emerged as an issue of concern. Upgrading sewage treatment quality with modern technologies such as Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) and/or implementing a further post-treatment might mitigate the release of xenobiotics into surface waters. The performance of two processes treating municipal sewage, a MBR and an Activated Sludge (AS) unit, have been compared in terms of PPCPs removal. Moreover, their effluents were treated using vertical flow reed beds. Both systems were operated under similar conditions, more specifically Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), maintained at 8 hours, and Sludge Retention Time (SRT) set at 6 and 20 days. Pharmaceuticals belong to therapeutic groups such as antiepileptics (carbamazepine) and analgesics (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac), whereas the personal care products are musk fragrances (galaxolide and tonalide). Xenobiotics removals achieved in the MBR showed better results, particularly for the acidic drugs ibuprofen (87% vs. 50%) and naproxen (56% vs. 6%) operating at low SRT. After filtration through vertical flow reed-beds, PPCPs content in effluents was decreased, below 1 ppb in most cases, improving the effluent quality and confirming reed-beds as an interesting low cost alternative in order to attenuate xenobiotics contamination.

scholarly journals Are health workers reduced to being drug dispensers of antiretroviral treatment? A randomized cross-sectional assessment of the quality of health care for HIV patients in northern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
Ulrike G Seeberger ◽  
Joseph J Valadez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract High quality of care (QoC) for antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to prevent treatment failure. Uganda, as many sub-Saharan African countries, increased access to ART by decentralizing provision to districts. However, little is known whether this rapid scale-up maintained high-quality clinical services. We assess the quality of ART in the Acholi and Lango sub-regions of northern Uganda to identify whether the technical quality of critical ART sub-system needs improvement. We conducted a randomized cross-sectional survey among health facilities (HF) in Acholi (n = 11) and Lango (n = 10). Applying lot quality assurance sampling principles with a rapid health facility assessment tool, we assessed ART services vis-à-vis national treatment guidelines using 37 indicators. We interviewed health workers (n = 21) using structured questionnaires, directly observed clinical consultations (n = 126) and assessed HF infrastructure, human resources, medical supplies and patient records in each health facility (n = 21). The district QoC performance standard was 80% of HF had to comply with each guideline. Neither sub-region complied with treatment guidelines. No HF displayed adequate: patient monitoring, physical examination, training, supervision and regular monitoring of patients’ immunology. The full range of first and second line antiretroviral (ARV) medication was not available in Acholi while Lango had sufficient stocks. Clinicians dispensed available ARVs without benefit of physical examination or immunological monitoring. Patients reported compliance with drug use (>80%). Patients’ knowledge of preventing HIV/AIDS transmission concentrated on condom use; otherwise it was poor. The poor ART QoC in northern Uganda raises major questions about ART quality although ARVs were dispensed. Poor clinical care renders patients’ reports of treatment compliance as insufficient evidence that it takes place. Further studies need to test patients’ immunological status and QoC in more regions of Uganda and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa to identify topical and geographical areas which are priorities for improving HIV care.

scholarly journals Neuropathic Pain Related with Spinal Disorders: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Sup Song ◽  
Jae Hwan Cho ◽  
Jae-Young Hong ◽  
Jae Hyup Lee ◽  
Hyun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
Cord Injury

<p>Systematic literature review. To review the evidence from high-quality studies regarding the treatment of neuropathic pain originating specifically from spinal disorders. In general, treatment guidelines for neuropathic pain cover all its various causes, including medical disease, peripheral neuropathy, and cancer. However, the natural history of neuropathic pain originating from spinal disorders may differ from that of the pain originating from other causes or lesions. An expert research librarian used terms related to neuropathic pain and spinal disorders, disc herniation, stenosis, and spinal cord injury to search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL for primary research from January 2000 to October 2015. Among 2,313 potential studies of interest, 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 21 systematic reviews (SRs) were included in the analysis. The selection was decided based on the agreement of two orthopedic surgeons. There was a lack of evidence about medication for radiculopathy arising from disc herniation and stenosis, but intervention procedures, including epidural block, showed positive efficacy in radiculopathy and also limited efficacy in spinal stenosis. There was some evidence based on the short-term follow-up regarding surgery being superior to conservative treatments for radiculopathy and stenosis. There was limited evidence regarding the efficacy of pharmacological and electric or magnetic stimulation therapies for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. This review of RCTs and SRs with high-quality evidence found some evidence regarding the efficacy of various treatment modalities for neuropathic pain related specifically to spinal disorders. However, there is a need for much more supportive evidence.</p>

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