Greywater treatment by constructed wetlands in combination with TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation for suburban and rural areas without sewer system

In this study greywater treatment through constructed wetlands and subsequently through TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation was investigated. Through constructed wetlands treatment the organic substances have been reduced greatly. For further removal of organic substances and pathogens, a TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation process was used subsequently. The results showed that the treated greywater through constructed wetlands and subsequent through TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation with short irradiation time (3 hours irradiation time) met the requirements of European bathing water quality easily. Therefore, the greywater treated with the processes combination can directly be reused for non-potable purposes. Moreover, since residual organic substances through TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation with long irradiation time can be eliminated almost totally, it is also possible that treated greywater is used for groundwater recharge as a drinking water resource.

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ZnO/UV/H2O2 Based Advanced Oxidation of Disperse Red Dye

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2019-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 234 (1) ◽

pp. 129-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Aneela Jamil ◽

Tanveer Hussain Bokhari ◽

Munawar Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Zuber ◽

Iftikhar Hussain Bukhari

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Advanced Oxidation Process ◽

Oxidation Process ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Advanced Oxidation ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Process Variables ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Red Dye

AbstractIn view of promising efficiency of advanced oxidation process, ZnO/UV/H2O2 based advanced oxidation process (AOP) was employed for the degradation of Disperse Red-60 (DR-60) in aqueous medium. The process variables such as concentration of catalysts, reaction time, pH, dye initial concentration and H2O2 dose were evaluated for maximum degradation of dye. The maximum degradation of 97% was achieved at optimum conditions of H2O2 (0.9 mL/L), ZnO (0.6 g/L) at pH 9.0 in 60 min irradiation time. The analysis of treated dye solution revealed the complete degradation under the effect of ZnO/UV/H2O2 treatment. The water quality parameters were also studied of treated and un-treated dye solution and up to 79% COD and 60% BOD reductions were achieved when dye was treated with at optimum conditions. The dissolved oxygen increased up to 85.6% after UV/H2O2/ZnO treatment. The toxicity was also monitored using hemolytic and Ames tests and results revealed that toxicity (cytotoxicity and mutagenicity) was also reduced significantly. In view of promising efficiency of UV/H2O2/ZnO system, it could possibly be used for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic dyes.

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Wet-weather urban discharges: implications from adopting the revised European Directive concerning the quality of bathing water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0056 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.M. David ◽

J.S Matos

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Short Term ◽

Sewer System ◽

Revision Process ◽

Eu Directive ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Wet Weather ◽

Bathing Water Quality

Wet weather urban discharges are responsible for bathing water contamination. The proposal for a revised EU Directive concerning the quality of bathing water imposes significantly more stringent requirements for the management of bathing water quality, with particularly important repercussions on beaches subjected to short-term pollution incidents. The paper reviews the aspects from EU legislation most directly related to the problem of wet-weather discharges, placing special emphasis on the recent revision process of the Directive on bathing water quality, and evaluates the benefits of some potential solutions based on continuous modelling of a combined sewer system. Increasing the sewer system storage capacity or the STP hydraulic capacity may substantially reduce the untreated discharge volumes, but spill frequency reductions under 2 to 3 spill days per bathing season will hardly be achieved. Results show the severe strains that local rainfall patterns would place on compliance with the Commission's proposal for a revised Directive and highlight the importance of the changes introduced in the amended proposal recently approved by the Council, making it less prescriptive if adequate measures are adopted to prevent bathers' exposure to short-term pollution incidents.

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A Caged E3 Ligase Ligand for PROTAC-Mediated Protein Degradation with Light

10.26434/chemrxiv.11350079 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cyrille Kounde ◽

Maria M. Shchepinova ◽

Edward Tate

Keyword(s):

Protein Degradation ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

E3 Ligase ◽

Von Hippel Lindau ◽

Short Irradiation ◽

Short Irradiation Time ◽

Spatiotemporal Control

A caging group has been appended to a widely used Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase ligand for targeted protein degradation with PROTACs. Proteolysis is triggered only after a short irradiation time allowing spatiotemporal control of the protein’s fate.

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EFFICIENT DEGRADATION OF CLOFIBRIC ACID BY HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION PROCESS

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2019.158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 1683-1692 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lidia Favier ◽

Lacramioara Rusu ◽

Andrei Ionut Simion ◽

Raluca Maria Hlihor ◽

Mariana Liliana Pacala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Process ◽

Clofibric Acid

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Sewers and the Quality of Canals and Ditches in Amsterdam

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0486 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (5-6) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Jacobs ◽

J. W. van Sluis

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Water System ◽

Water Systems ◽

Sewer System ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Water And Sediment Quality

The surface water system of Amsterdam is very complicated. Of two characteristic types of water systems the influences on water and sediment quality are investigated. The importance of the sewer output to the total loads is different for both water systems. In a polder the load from the sewers is much more important than in the canal basin. Measures to reduce the emission from the sewers are much more effective in a polder. The effect of these measures on sediment quality is more than the effect on water quality. Some differences between a combined sewer system and a separate sewer system can be found in sediment quality.

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Enterococci in the New Zealand environment: implications for water quality monitoring

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0754 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (11-12) ◽

pp. 325-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

S. A. Anderson ◽

S. J. Turner ◽

G. D. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

New Zealand ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

High Ratio ◽

Quality Data ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Water Quality Data ◽

Bathing Water Quality

Faecal enterococci ecology outside the host is of great relevance when using these organisms as indicators of water quality. As a complement to New Zealand epidemiological studies of bathing water quality and health risk, a study of the environmental occurrence of these organisms has been undertaken. Specific concerns over the use of enterococci derive from the unique situation in New Zealand which has few chlorinated sewage effluents, a high ratio of grazing animals to humans, and significant inputs of animal processing effluents into the environment. Human and animal faecal wastes are the main sources, with 106–107cfu/100ml found in human sewage. Analysis of domestic and feral animal faeces found enterococci in the range of 101–106cfu/g with considerable variation between species. The latter observations support the notion that a considerable proportion of the load in urban/rural catchments and waterways (typically 102–103 enterococci cfu/100ml) is derived from non-human sources. Previous studies of enterococci quiescence in marine/fresh waters indicate that they enter a non-growth phase, exposure to sunlight markedly reducing culturability on selective and non-selective media. Enterococci were also found to survive/multiply within specific non-faecal environments. Enterococci on degrading drift seaweed at recreational beaches exceeded seawater levels by 2–4 orders of magnitude, suggesting that expansion had occurred in this permissive environment with resultant potential to contaminate adjacent sand and water. These studies suggest that multiple sources, environmental persistence, and environmental expansion of enterococci within selected niches add considerable complexity to the interpretation of water quality data.

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UVA/TiO2–ZnO–NiO Photocatalytic Oxidation Process of Dye: Optimization and CFD Simulation

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering ◽

10.1007/s13369-021-05733-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Mansouri ◽

Hoda Yari ◽

Towan Kikhavani ◽

Naimeh Setareshenas

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽

Cfd Simulation ◽

Oxidation Process

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Dynamics of Oxidation of Reduced Forms of CO2 under Electrochemical and Open-Сircuit Conditions on Polycrystalline Pt in H2CO3

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11020274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Alexander V. Smolin ◽

Мikhail N. Mikhailov ◽

Aleksey F. Gadzaov ◽

Leonid M. Kustov

Keyword(s):

Quantum Chemical ◽

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Oxidation Reaction ◽

Density Functional ◽

Oxidation Process ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Organic Substances ◽

Oxidation Of Co ◽

Reduced Forms

The problem of identifying correlations between catalytic and electrocatalytic processes is one of the fundamental problems of catalysis among “simple” organic substances, and the oxidation of CO and rCO2 is of great interest, since CO and CO2 are considered in pairs both during catalytic and electrocatalytic transformations. In the case of electrocatalysis, this analysis is important in the study of fuel cells. In this paper, we studied the correlation between the oxidation of reduced forms of CO2 (rCO2) under potentiodynamic-galvanoctatic electrochemical and open-circuit conditions of measurements on polycrystalline (pc)Pt in H2CO3. Periodic oscillations are revealed at the oxidation of Had and rCO2 on (pc)Pt. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out on the Pt13 cluster in order to identify the mechanisms of the rCO2 oxidation reaction. The correspondence in the energy parameters of the oxidation process of rCO2 under open-circuit conditions and electrochemical conditions is shown. The preliminary analysis of the system using density functional (DFT) calculations is carried out and the most stable systems that are based on Pt13 are found, namely rOH-Pt13-(CO)n, rOH-Pt13-(COH) and rOH-Pt13-(rCOOH). OH• species was chosen as the most likely candidate for the role of the oxidant for rCO2. Preliminary calculations for the expected reactions were carried out, and the optimal PES is revealed.

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A review on TiO2-based composites for superior photocatalytic activity

Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1515/revic-2020-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Wail Al Zoubi ◽

Abbas Ali Salih Al-Hamdani ◽

Baek Sunghun ◽

Young Gun Ko

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Cost Efficiency ◽

High Stability ◽

Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Process ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Photoelectrochemical Activity ◽

As Doping ◽

Degradation Of Pollutants

Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalysts was a promising material for removing organic pollutants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was a suitable photocatalyst for its cost efficiency and high stability to reduce various pollutants. Enhancing TiO2 photocatalyst performance by doping with changed metals or non-metal ions and organic compounds have been reviewed. These methods could enhance photoelectrochemical activity via: (i) by a donor of electrons via electron-donor agents that would produce particular defects in TiO2 structure and capture transporters of charge; (ii) by reducing recombination rate of the charge transporters and increasing degradation of pollutants. This study investigates the modification approaches of TiO2 that comprise methods for overcoming the essential TiO2 restrictions and enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Consequently, it emphasized on the current progress of modified-TiO2 used for different pollutants in ambient conditions. Amendment techniques, such as inorganic and organic parts as doping, are studied. The reported experimental results obtained with the photocatalytic oxidation process for degrading organic pollutants were also collected and assessed.

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