Treatment of mountain refuge wastewater by fixed and moving bed biofilm systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andreottola ◽  
E. Damiani ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
P. Nardelli ◽  
M. Ragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Start Up

Tourists visiting mountain refuges in the Alps have increased significantly in the last decade and the number of refuges and huts at high altitude too. In this research the results of an intensive monitoring of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for a tourist mountain refuge located at 2,981 m a.s.l. are described. Two biofilm reactors were adopted: (a) a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR); (b) a submerged Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor (FBBR). The aims of this research were: (i) the evaluation of the main parameters characterising the processes and involved in the design of the wastewater plants, in order to compare advantages and disadvantages of the two tested alternatives; (ii) the acquisition of an adequate knowledge of the problems connected with the wastewater treatment in alpine refuges. The main results have been: (i) a quick start-up of the biological reactors obtainable thanks to a pre-colonization before the transportation of the plastic carriers to the refuge at the beginning of the tourist season; (ii) low volume and area requirement; (iii) significantly higher removal efficiency compared to other fixed biomass systems, such as trickling filters, but the energy consumption is higher.

Small Wastewater Treatment Plants Based on Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ødegaard ◽  
B. Rusten ◽  
H. Badin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Control Authority

In 1988 the State Pollution Control Authority in Norway made recommendations regarding process designs for small wastewater treatment plants. Amongst these were recommendations for biological/chemical plants where biofilm reactors were used in combination with pretreatment in large septic tanks and chemical post treatment. At the same time the socalled “moving bed biofilm reactor” (MBBR) was developed by a Norwegian company. In this paper, experiences from a small wastewater treatment plant, based on the MBBR and on the recommendations mentioned, will be presented.

Upgrading of a small wastewater treatment plant in a cold climate region using a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andreottola ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
M. Ragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
North East

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a full-scale upgrading of an existing RBC wastewater treatment plant with a MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) system, installed in a tank previously used for sludge aerobic digestion. The full-scale plant is located in a mountain resort in the North-East of Italy. Due to the fact that the people varied during the year's seasons (2000 resident people and 2000 tourists) the RBC system was insufficient to meet the effluent standards. The MBBR applied system consists of the FLOCOR-RMP®plastic media with a specific surface area of about 160 m2/m3 (internal surface only). Nitrogen and carbon removal from wastewater was investigated over a 1-year period, with two different plant lay-outs: one-stage (only MBBR) and two stage system (MBBR and rotating biological contactors in series). The systems have been operated at low temperature (5–15°C). 50% of the MBBR volume (V=79 m3) was filled. The organic and ammonium loads were in the average 7.9 gCOD m−2 d−1 and 0.9 g NH4−N m−2 d−1. Typical carbon and nitrogen removals in MBBR at temperature lower than 8°C were respectively 73% and 72%.

scholarly journals Upgrading of the Mirmohana Wastewater Treatment Plant in Kish Island, Iran, using a moving bed biofilm reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ahmadi ◽  
Aliakbar Mehr alian ◽  
Hoda Amiri ◽  
Bahman Ramavandi ◽  
Hassan Izanloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed

Modelling Nitrification of a Lagoon Effluent in Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Houweling ◽  
Frédéric Monette ◽  
Louise Millette ◽  
Yves Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Total Ammonia

Abstract A pilot study was performed at the Sainte-Julie wastewater treatment plant to evaluate the potential of using the Moving-Bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process for removing BOD5 (5-day biochemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in a two-stage process at the exit of the first lagoon. Nitrification was observed in the first reactor at rates similar to those reported in the literature for a similar biomass carrier when bulk liquid dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were 6 g of O2 per m3. Nitrification rates were significantly reduced when DO was reduced to 3 g of O2 per m3. DO concentrations were maintained at 6 g of O2 per m3 in the second reactor, and nitrification rates comparable to those reported in the literature were observed for a temperature range of 3 to 16°C. An empirical DO-limited model was validated for the first reactor while in the second reactor nitrification was found to be either DO limited or total-ammonia-nitrogen limited, depending on nitrification rates in the upstream reactor. The DO-limited model predicts that the MBBR process is more sensitive to organic load than it is to temperature. A commercially available numerical model was calibrated to the results of the pilot study. Model results indicate that detachment and attachment rates play an important role in determining nitrification rates in the biofilm. Similar nitrification rates in an MBBR system installed upstream and downstream from an aerated lagoon in winter conditions were predicted using the empirical DO-limited model.

Wastewater treatment with submerged fixed bed biofilm reactor systems – design rules, operating experiences and ongoing developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schlegel ◽  
H. Koeser
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Degree

Wastewater treatment systems using bio-films that grow attached to a support media are an alternative to the widely used suspended growth activated sludge process. Different fixed growth biofilm reactors are commercially used for the treatment of municipal as well as industrial wastewater. In this paper a fairly new fixed growth biofilm system, the submerged fixed bed biofilm reactor (SFBBR), is discussed. SFBBRs are based on aerated submerged fixed open structured plastic media for the support of the biofilm. They are generally operated without sludge recirculation in order to avoid clogging of the support media and problems with the control of the biofilm. Reactor and process design considerations for these reactors are reviewed. Measures to ensure the development and maintenance of an active biofilm are examined. SFBBRs have been applied successfully to small wastewater treatment plants where complete nitrification but no high degree of denitrification is necessary. For the pre-treatment of industrial wastewater the use of SFBBRs is advantageous, especially in cases of wastewater with high organic loading or high content of compounds with low biodegradability. Performance data from exemplary commercial plants are given. Ongoing research and development efforts aim at achieving a high simultaneous total nitrogen (TN) removal of aerated SFBBRs and at improving the efficiency of TN removal in anoxic SFBBRs.

Start-up of moving bed biofilm reactors for deammonification: the role of hydraulic retention time, alkalinity and oxygen supply

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gaul ◽  
S. Märker ◽  
S. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up

Aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation can be combined in a completely mixed moving bed biofilm reactor, allowing for single-stage ammonium removal from wastewater with low COD/N ratio unsuitable for conventional nitrification/denitrification processes (‘deammonification’). Mandatory preconditions are: (a) a low hydraulic retention time to wash out suspended cells competing with mass transfer limited biofilm cells for alkalinity as limiting substrate; and (b) an oxygen flux adapted to the surface loading rate to prevent complete nitrification to nitrate. pH control or ‘NH3 inhibition’ of nitrite oxidation are neither useful nor necessary. By this strategy, oxygen limited biofilms with simultaneous presence of NH4-N and NO2-N were enriched, which allowed for growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers. It could be demonstrated that a deammonifying reactor can be purposefully started up within a reasonable span of time and without prior inoculation, if this explicitly described strategy is applied. Depending on surface loading and air flow rate, N removal rates of 4–5 g N/m2 d could be achieved at DO concentrations between 1.0 and 4.0 mg/l.

Pilot testing and preliminary design of moving bed biofilm reactors for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rusten ◽  
B.G. Hellström ◽  
F. Hellström ◽  
O. Sehested ◽  
E. Skjelfoss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Moving Bed

A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pilot plant, using Kaldnes type K1 biofilm carriers, was tested for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant. The pilot plant was fed primary treated municipal wastewater, at temperatures from 4.8 to about 20°C. The results showed that a reasonable design nitrification rate will be 190 g TKN/m3d, at 10°C and a reactor pH≥7.0. Pre-denitrification was very dependent on the concentration of readily biodegradable organic matter and the amount of oxygen in the influent to the first anoxic MBBR. It was found that a MBBR process for nitrogen removal at FREVAR will require a total reactor volume corresponding to an empty bed hydraulic retention time of 4–5 hours at average design influent flow. This was based on an influent concentration of 25 mg total N/l, 70% annual average removal of total N and a treatment process consisting of primary treatment, MBBRs with combined pre- and post-denitrification, and followed by coagulation/flocculation and a final solids separation stage.

Upgrading of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant by adding a moving bed biofilm reactor as pre-treatment and ozonation followed by biofiltration for enhanced COD reduction: design and operation experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2710-2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Kaindl
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Biological Capacity

A paper mill producing 500,000 ton of graphic paper annually has an onsite wastewater treatment plant that treats 7,240,000 m3 of wastewater per year, mechanically first, then biologically and at last by ozonation. Increased paper production capacity led to higher COD load in the mill effluent while production of higher proportions of brighter products gave worse biodegradability. Therefore the biological capacity of the WWTP needed to be increased and extra measures were necessary to enhance the efficiency of COD reduction. The full scale implementation of one MBBR with a volume of 1,230 m3 was accomplished in 2000 followed by another MBBR of 2,475 m3 in 2002. An ozonation step with a capacity of 75 kg O3/h was added in 2004 to meet higher COD reduction demands during the production of brighter products and thus keeping the given outflow limits. Adding a moving bed biofilm reactor prior to the existing activated sludge step gives: (i) cost advantages when increasing biological capacity as higher COD volume loads of MBBRs allow smaller reactors than usual for activated sludge plants; (ii) a relief of strain from the activated sludge step by biological degradation in the MBBR; (iii) equalizing of peaks in the COD load and toxic effects before affecting the activated sludge step; (iv) a stable volume sludge index below 100 ml/g in combination with an optimization of the activated sludge step allows good sludge separation—an important condition for further treatment with ozone. Ozonation and subsequent bio-filtration pre-treated waste water provide: (i) reduction of hard COD unobtainable by conventional treatment; (ii) controllable COD reduction in a very wide range and therefore elimination of COD-peaks; (iii) reduction of treatment costs by combination of ozonation and subsequent bio-filtration; (iv) decrease of the color in the ozonated wastewater. The MBBR step proved very simple to operate as part of the biological treatment. Excellent control of the COD-removal rate in the ozone step allowed for economical usage and therefore acceptable operation costs in relation to the paper production.

Start-up of membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor: kinetic study

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1948-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Leyva-Díaz ◽  
J. M. Poyatos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
Heterotrophic Biomass

A hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBR) system was studied as an alternative solution to conventional activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors. This paper shows the results obtained from three laboratory-scale wastewater treatment plants working in parallel in the start-up and steady states. The first wastewater treatment plant was a MBR, the second one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system containing carriers both in anoxic and aerobic zones of the bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBRa), and the last one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone (hybrid MBBR-MBRb). The reactors operated with a hydraulic retention time of 30.40 h. A kinetic study for characterizing heterotrophic biomass was carried out and organic matter and nutrients removals were evaluated. The heterotrophic biomass of the hybrid MBBR-MBRb showed the best kinetic performance in the steady state, with yield coefficient for heterotrophic biomass = 0.30246 mg volatile suspended solids per mg chemical oxygen demand, maximum specific growth rate for heterotrophic biomass = 0.00308 h−1 and half-saturation coefficient for organic matter = 3.54908 mg O2 L−1. The removal of organic matter was supported by the kinetic study of heterotrophic biomass.

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