Combining UASB and the “fourth generation” down-flow hanging sponge reactor for municipal wastewater treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tandukar ◽  
S. Uemura ◽  
A. Ohashi ◽  
H. Harada
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

A “fourth generation” down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) Reactor has been developed and proposed as an improved variant of post-treatment system for UASB treating domestic wastewater. This paper evaluates the potential of the proposed combination of UASB and DHS as a sewage treatment system, especially for developing countries. A pilot-scale UASB (1.15 m3) and DHS (0.38 m3; volume of sponge) was installed in a municipal sewage treatment site and constantly monitored for 2 years. UASB was operated at an HRT of 6 h corresponding to an organic load of 2.15 kg-COD/m3 per day. Subsequently, the organic load in DHS was 2.35 kg-COD/m3 per day, operated at an HRT of 2 h. Organic removal by the whole system was satisfactory, accomplishing 96% of unfiltered BOD removal and 91% of unfiltered COD removal. However, nitrification decreased from 56% during the startup period to 28% afterwards. Investigation on DHS sludge was made by quantifying it and evaluating oxygen uptake rates with various substrates. Average concentration of trapped biomass was 26 g-VSS/L of sponge volume, increasing the SRT of the system to 100–125 d. Removal of coliforms obtained was 3–4 log10 with the final count of 103 to 104 MPN/100 ml in DHS effluent.

A low-cost municipal sewage treatment system witha combination of UASB and the “fourth-generation”downflow hanging sponge reactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tandukar ◽  
S. Uemura ◽  
I. Machdar ◽  
A. Ohashi ◽  
H. Harada
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Successful Operation

This paper presents an evaluation of the process performance of a pilot-scale “fourth generation” downflow hanging sponge (DHS) post-treatment system combined with a UASB pretreatment unit treating municipal wastewater. After the successful operation of the second- and third-generation DHS reactors, the fourth-generation DHS reactor was developed to overcome a few shortcomings of its predecessors. This reactor was designed to further enhance the treatment efficiency and simplify the construction process in real scale, especially for the application in developing countries. Configuration of the reactor was modified to enhance the dissolution of air into the wastewater and to avert the possible clogging of the reactor especially during sudden washout from the UASB reactor. The whole system was operated at a total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h (UASB: 6 h and DHS: 2 h) for a period of over 600 days.The combined system was able to remove 96% of unfiltered BOD with only 9 mg/L remaining in the final effluent. Likewise, F. coli were removed by 3.45 log with the final count of 103 to 104 MPN/100 ml. Nutrient removal by the system was also satisfactory.

Nitrification and denitrification using a single biofilter packed with granular sulfur

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-S. Kim ◽  
Y.-W. Hwang ◽  
C.-G. Kim ◽  
J.-H. Bae
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Denitrification Process

This study was performed to develop a granular sulfur packed nitrification/denitrification process employing a uniquely designed single biofilter, which treated a relatively low carbon loaded domestic wastewater taken from a primary clarifier at a municipal wastewater treatment facility. The system was tested on varying experimental conditions, e.g. inflow flow, organic load and nitrogen load. Regardless of flow rate being increased, SS and COD was unvaryingly removed up to 90 and 80%, respectively. Moreover, TKN was also decomposed up to 90%. Increase in COD load gradually led to escalating level of non-biodegradable compounds observed in effluent. Nitrification was accomplished as high as 92%, whereas denitrification was achieved up to approximately 87%. For a while, nitrification and denitrification were observed at 0.65 and 0.55 kg/m3áday, respectively. Eventually, T-N was decomposed as high as 46%. It was concluded that granular sulfur can be used for not only electron donor, but also for a media to properly treat low carbon loaded wastewater and to filter SS efficiently.

scholarly journals The bottlenecks and causes, and potential solutions for municipal sewage treatment in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi Cao ◽  
M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht ◽  
Glen. T. Daigger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract Since about the 1990s China has achieved remarkable progress in urban sanitation. The country has built very extensive infrastructure for wastewater treatment, with 94.5% treatment coverage in urban areas and legally mandated nation-wide full nutrient removal implemented. However, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China are still confronted with issues rooted in the unique sewage characteristics. This study compares energy recovery, cost of nutrient removal and sludge production between Chinese municipal WWTPs and those in countries with longer wastewater treatment traditions, and highlights the cause-effect relationships between Chinese sewage characteristics – high inorganic suspended solids (ISS) loads, and low COD and C/N ratio, and municipal WWTP process performance in China. Integrated design and operation guidelines for municipal WWTPs are imperative in relation to the unique sewage characteristics in China. Cost-effective measures and solutions are proposed in the paper, and the potential benefits of improving the sustainability of municipal WWTPs in China are estimated.

scholarly journals Pilot-Scale Removal of Trace Steroid Hormones and Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Municipal Wastewater Using a Heterogeneous Fenton’s Catalytic Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tangyie Chi ◽  
John Churchley ◽  
Katherine D. Huddersman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Continuous Stir Tank Reactor ◽  
Stir Tank Reactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Personal Care

The pollution of water sources by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) is a growing concern, as conventional municipal wastewater treatment systems are not capable of completely removing these contaminants. A continuous stir tank reactor incorporating a modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) catalyst and dosed with hydrogen peroxide in a heterogeneous Fenton’s process was used at pilot scale to remove these compounds from wastewater that has undergone previous treatment via a conventional wastewater treatment system. The treatment system was effective at ambient temperature and at the natural pH of the wastewater. High levels of both natural and synthetic hormones (EDCs) and PPCPs were found in the effluent after biological treatment of the wastewater. The treatment system incorporating the modified PAN catalyst/H2O2decomposed >90% of the EDCs and >40% of PPCPs using 200 mgL−1H2O2, 3 hr residence time. The estrogenic potency EE2-EQ was removed by 82.77%, 91.36%, and 96.13% from three different wastewater treatment plants. BOD was completely removed (below detection limits); 30%–40% mineralisation was achieved and turbidity reduced by more than 68%. There was a <4% loss in iron content on the catalyst over the study period, suggesting negligible leaching of the catalyst.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Analysis in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łój-Pilch ◽  
Anita Zakrzewska ◽  
Ewa Zielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

Risk management, an aspect of which is risk assessment, is a process supporting the proper function of municipal sewage treatment plants. Many factors affect the quality of treated wastewater. Risk assessment, its analysis, and hierarchization permit the elimination of events with the most destructive impacts on the purification process.

Engineering Research on ECOSUNIDE Technique for Nutrient Removal from Municipal Sewage

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3422-3427
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yan Qiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Class I ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Engineering Research

For engineering research, ECOSUNIDE technique was applied in a sewage treatment plant under low temperature and low carbon resource. The whole experimental system has being running steadily after reasonable adjustments of influent distribution, returned sludge ratio and DO. The effluent qualities meet the Class I-B Criteria Specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Effluent BOD5 and NH3-N meet the Class I-A Criteria. The results indicates that the treatment capacity could fluctuate within a range of ±3000 m3/d with DO properly controlled. In aerobic sections, the best DO was 2-3 mg/L. The optimal sludge emission amount could be attained through settlement ratio and sludge concentration with the present emission amount of sludge of 680 m3/d. It might be the restrictive factor that BOD/TN was less than 3 on TN removal which could not steadily achieve the Class I-A Criteria.

Primary-secondary flotation of three municipal wastewaters: pilot-scale study

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krofta ◽  
D. Miskovic ◽  
D. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

A pilot system containing a particularly designed configuration of primary flotation unit and a combined flotation-filtration clarifier, was used for advanced municipal wastewater treatment. The system which was investigated demonstrated the feasibility of municipal wastewater treatment by the flotation separation of fluid and coagulated-flocculated solids (Total suspended solids (TSS), organic load, Phosphorous (P), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)) without using microbiological oxidation. The particular objective herein was to create a preliminary approach to theoretical evaluation of positive pilot-study results in the form of two kinetic models. Based on positive pilot results, and kinetic analysis, the following conclusions were reached:A double-stage flotation/filtration system might be a viable alternative for municipal wastewater treatment.Empirical models and prediction developed here reflect the kinetics of the removal of coagulated and flocculated solids by flotation.

Multi-stage constructed wetland systems for municipal wastewater treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1590-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Masi ◽  
S. Caffaz ◽  
A. Ghrabi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

In the present paper the detailed design and performances of two municipal wastewater treatment plants, a four-stage constructed wetlands (CW) system located in the city of Dicomano (about 3,500 inhabitants) in Italy, and a three-stage CW system for the village of Chorfech (about 500 inhabitants) in Tunisia, are presented. The obtained results demonstrate that multi-stage CWs provide an excellent secondary treatment for wastewaters with variable operative conditions, reaching also an appropriate effluent quality for reuse. Dicomano CWs have shown good performances, on average 86% of removal for the Organic Load, 60% for Total Nitrogen (TN), 43% for Total Phosphorus (TP), 89% for Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and 76% for Ammonium (NH4+). Even the disinfection process has performed in a very satisfactory way, reaching up to 4–5 logs of reduction of the inlet pathogens concentration, with an Escherichia coli average concentration in the outlet often below 200 UFC/100 mL. The mean overall removal rates of the Chorfech CWs during the monitored period have been, respectively, equal to 97% for TSS and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), 95% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 71% for TN and 82% for TP. The observed removal of E. coli by the CW system was in this case 2.5 log units.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Hydroponic Cultivations for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wolecki ◽  
Magda Caban ◽  
Magdalena Pazda ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski ◽  
Jolanta Kumirska
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Euonymus Europaeus ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

The problem of the presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment is closely related to municipal wastewater and in consequence to municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) because wastewater is the main way in which these compounds are transferred to the ecosystem. For this reason, the development of cheap, simple but very effective techniques for the removal of such residues from wastewater is very important. In this study, the analysis of the potential of using three new plants: Cyperus papyrus (Papyrus), Lysimachia nemorum (Yellow pimpernel), and Euonymus europaeus (European spindle) by hydroponic cultivation for the removal of 15 selected pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in an MWWTP is presented. In order to obtain the most reliable data, this study was performed using real WWTP conditions and with the determination of the selected analytes in untreated sewage, treated sewage, and in plant materials. For determining the target compounds in plant materials, an Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE)-Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)-GC-MS(SIM) method was developed and validated. The obtained data proved that the elimination efficiency of the investigated substances from wastewater was in the range of 35.8% for diflunisal to above 99.9% for paracetamol, terbutaline, and flurbiprofen. Lysimachia nemorum was the most effective for the uptake of target compounds among the tested plant species. Thus, the application of constructed wetlands for supporting conventional MWWTPs allowed a significant increase in their removal from the wastewater stream.

Anaerobic hydrolysis of a municipal wastewater in a pilot-scale digester

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Álvarez ◽  
C.A. Zapico ◽  
M. Gómez ◽  
J. Presas ◽  
M. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Pre Treatment

Raw domestic wastewater from the city of Santiago de Compostela (Northwest Spain) was fed into a pilot-scale hydrolytic up flow sludge bed (HUSB) digester with an active volume of 25.5 m3. The total influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 360 to 470 mg/l, the influent SS varied from 190 to 370 mg/l, and the temperature was between 17° and 20°C. The organic load rate (OLR) applied increased step by step from 1.2 to 3.9 kgCOD/m3.d, while the hydraulic retention time (HRT) decreased from 7.1 h to 2.9 h. A high suspended solids (SS) removal of about 82-85% from the influent was reached, most of which (81 to 88%) was eliminated by hydrolysis, while the rest remained in the purge stream. The total COD removal ranged from 46 to 59%. On the other hand, a high acidification of the COD remaining in the effluent was obtained, so the percent COD in the form of volatile fatty acids (VFACOD) with respect to total effluent COD was about 43% for the highest HRT applied, and about 27% for the lowest HRT. The soluble to total COD ratio (CODs/CODt) increased from 25-32% for the influent to 71-86% for the effluent. The results obtained confirm the viability and interest of direct anaerobic hydrolytic pre-treatment of domestic wastewater.

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