Treatment of chemical-pharmaceutical wastewater in packed bed anaerobic reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Nacheva ◽  
B. Peña-Loera ◽  
F. Moralez-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors

Biological degradation in packed bed anaerobic mesophilic reactors with five different support materials was studied for the treatment of chemical-pharmaceutical wastewater with high COD (23–31 g/L), which contains toxic organic compounds. Experimental up-flow bio-filters were operated at different organic loads for a two-year period. Removals of 80–98% were obtained in the reactors with sand, anthracite and black tezontle, but at relatively low organic loads, less than 3.6 kg m−3 d−1. The reactor with granular activated carbon (GAC) had a better performance; efficiencies higher than 95% were obtained at loads up to 17 kg m−3 d−1 and higher than 80% with loads up to 26 kg m−3 d−1. Second in performance was the reactor with red tezontle which allows COD removals higher than 80% with loads up to 6 kg m−3 d−1. The use of GAC as support material allows greater biodegradation rates than the rest of the materials and it makes the process more resistant to organic load increases, inhibition effects and toxicity. Methanogenic activity was inhibited at loads higher than 21.9 kg m−3 d−1 in the GAC-reactor and at loads higher than 3.6 kg m−3 d−1 in the rest of the reactors. At loads lower than the previously mentioned, high methane production yield was obtained, 0.32–0.35 m3CH4/kg CODremoved.

The Influence of Different Support Materials to Treatment Efficiency in Packed Bed Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roš ◽  
J. Vrtovšek ◽  
M. Dular
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Packed Bed Reactors ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

Biological treatment, especially nitrogen removal, in an upflow packed bed reactor with immobilised biomass was studied. As a support material granulated activated carbon (GAC), ceramic material (crush brick), brown coal and cut polyethylene tubes were used. The size of the support material was 4 to 6 millimetres. In laboratory scale studies pharmaceutical wastewater was treated. Volumetric loading was from 6.8 to 7.6 g/l/day. Results of investigations showed us that aerated packed bed reactors are usable for nitrogen removal because in the reactor originates aerobic and anoxic conditions. In anoxic cones the denitrification of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia ions takes place. The most effective systems for nitrogen removal were reactors filled with granulated activated carbon and with ceramic material. In the reactor with granulated activated carbon also colour from wastewater was degraded.

Application of biological activated carbon anaerobic reactor for treatment of hazardous chemicals

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuno ◽  
M. Kawamura ◽  
T. Oya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor

An expanded-bed anaerobic reactor with granular activated carbon (GAC) medium has been developed to treat wastewaters that contain a high concentration of inhibitory and/or refractory organic compounds as well as readily degradable organic compounds. The process is characterised by a combination of two removal mechanisms; adsorption on GAC and biological degradation by microorganisms grown on GAC. Applicability of the reactor to treatment of phenol, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was discussed based on experimental data. All chemicals focused on here were removed well and stably at a removal efficiency of more than 98% even during starting operation and shock load operation. Chemicals in influent that exceeded biological degradation capacity was initially adsorbed on GAC and then gradually degraded, and hence the adsorptive capacity of GAC was regenerated biologically. These results proved that a biological activated carbon anaerobic reactor was effective for treatment of wastewater containing hazardous chemicals, especially for strongly absorbable chemicals, as well as readily degradable organic compounds at high concentration.

Biological degradation of a mixture of municipal wastewater and organic garbage leachate in expanded bed anaerobic reactors and a zeolite filter

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Castilla ◽  
L. Aguilar ◽  
M. Escamilla ◽  
B. Silva ◽  
Z. Milán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Municipal wastewater was amended with organic garbage leachates at a concentration around 700 mgCODsoluble/L and fed to three different anaerobic systems to compare their performance: a down flow fluidized bed (DFFB), an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) and a zeolite-packed anaerobic filter reactor (ZPF). The DFFB and EGSB reactors were operated at HRT of 6 and 4 h and the ZPF reactor at 12 and 36 h. Organic loads rate for the DFFB reactor were 2.3±0.9 and 4.8±1.8 gCOD/L·d, with removal efficiencies around 40% and a methane productivity of 0.2±0.03 L/Lreactor·d. For the EGSB reactor, organic loads tested were 2.1±0.9 and 4.3±1.3 gCOD/L·d, removal efficiencies attained were of 77.6±12.7% and 84.4±4.9%, respectively at both conditions and total suspended solids were removed in 54.6±19.3%, while methane productivity at 4 h HRT was of 1.29±0.4 L/Lreactor·d. The ZPF reactor was operated at lower organic loading rates, 1.4±0.27 and 0.42±0.13 gCOD/L·d and attained removal efficiencies of 48±18% and 83±8%, respectively, reaching a methane productivity of 0.21±0.09 and 0.12±0.04 L/Lreactor·d, 83±8.0% of total suspended solids were retained in the reactor and as HRT was increased ammonium concentrations increased in 39%. Specific methanogenic activity in all systems was around 0.2 gCOD-CH4/gVSS d.

Anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds using packed bed reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mijaylova-Nacheva ◽  
A. Canul-Chuil
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Packed Bed Reactors ◽  
Support Materials

The feasibility of anaerobic packed bed reactors with tezontle (volcanic stone widely available in Mexico) and mineral granular activated carbon (GAC) was explored for the degradation of the main chlorinated aliphatic compounds present in the effluent from chemical industry for ethylene and polyvinyl chloride production. The biofilm on the support materials was developed using as inoculums anaerobic sludge. The biodegradation of the halogenated aliphatic compounds (1,2-dichloroethane; 1,1,1-trichloroethane; trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride) was possible without addition of external electron donors. High COD removal was obtained in the reactors with both materials. The use of GAC as a biomass support allows a complete biodegradation of the chlorinated aliphatic compounds at organic loads up to 1.24 kgCOD.m−3.d−1, with 94% of COD removal and with a biodegradation rate of 2.062 gCOD.kgGAC−1.d−1. The reactor with tezontle also had high biodegradation capacity, but the biodegradation of the 1,1-dichloroethene, which appeared as intermediate product, was not reached at the required level in the studied range of organic loads.

Anaerobic treatment of organic chemical wastewater using packed bed reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mijaylova-Nacheva ◽  
B. Peña-Loera ◽  
S. Cuevas-Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Packed Bed Reactors ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

The studied organic chemical wastewater had a high COD, 20–45 g/L, and low TSS, less than 200 mg/L, making anaerobic bio-filtration a suitable treatment method. The organic matter consisted of alcohols, amines, ketones and aromatic compounds, such as toluene and phenol. Granulated activated carbon (GAC) and a porous stone called tezontle, widely available in Mexico, were used as a bio-film support. Once inoculated, the mesophilic reactors with granulated activated carbon (GAC-BFs) reached stability with 80% COD removal in 40 days, while the reactors with tezontle material (tezontle-BF) required 145 days. Biodegradation of more than 95% was obtained with both support media: at organic loads less than 1.7 kg m−3 d−1 in tezontle-BF and with loads of up to 13.3 kg m−3 d−1 in GAC-BFs. The bio-filters with GAC allowed COD removal efficiency of 80% at a load as high as 26.3 kg m−3 d−1, while the same efficiency with tezontle was obtained at loads up to 4.45 kg m−3 d−1. The use of GAC as support material allows greater biodegradation rates than tezontle and it makes the bio-filters more resistant to organic increases, inhibition effects and toxicity. Methanogenic activity was inhibited at loads higher than 1.7 kg m−3 d−1 in bio-filters with tezontle and 22.8 kg m−3 d−1 in bio-filters with GAC. At loads lower than the previously mentioned, high methane production yield was obtained, 0.32–0.35 m3CH4/kg CODremoved. The biomass growth rates were low in the bio-filters with both kinds of material; however, a sufficiently high biomass holdup was obtained.

scholarly journals Tratamiento biológico de aguas residuales en reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente de empresa productora de grenetina

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Perla Sofia Balderas-Salas ◽  
Andrea Leticia Cordoba-Castro ◽  
Martha Betzabé Murillo-Hernández ◽  
Javier Páramo-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Scale Reactor ◽  
Scale Reactor

The anaerobic reactors of a flavorless jelly producing company; had a low efficiency in the treatment of their wastewater, with approximately 12% of COD removal. For this reason, it´s operation was evaluated, in a pilot scale reactor, using as inoculum, sludge from the wastewater treatment of a similar facility, with an average Specific Methanogenic Activity of 0.115 g COD/gSSV.d. We worked with an initial concentration of 35 kgSSV/m3 of the inoculum, an average organic load of 2.6843 kgCOD/m3d and wastewater with COD of 6797 mg/L and total nitrogen of 1213 mg/L. The feed flow was 0.264 L/h, in order to obtain an hydraulic retention time of 27.14 h, equal to the value of the reactor of the company. An average COD removal of 65.24% was achieved. The results showed sulphide concentrations of 461.4 mg/L and ammonium nitrogen of 1054.4 mg/L; that were not inhibitory.

Employing Exfoliated Graphite as Novel Support Material for Heterogeneous Model Catalysts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Wolf ◽  
Nico Fischer ◽  
Michael Claeys
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Model Catalysts ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Exfoliated Graphite ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Heterogeneous Model ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Catalyst Systems

<p>The inert nature of graphitic samples allows for characterisation of rather isolated supported nanoparticles in model catalysts, as long as sufficiently large inter-particle distances are obtained. However, the low surface area of graphite and the little interaction with nanoparticles result in a challenging application of conventional preparation routes in practice. In the present study, a set of graphitic carbon materials was characterised in order to identify potential support materials for the preparation of model catalyst systems. Various sizes of well-defined Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were synthesised separately and supported onto exfoliated graphite powder, that is graphite after solvent-assisted exfoliation <i>via</i> ultrasonication resulting in thinner flakes with increased specific surface area. The developed model catalysts are ideally suited for sintering studies of isolated nano-sized cobaltous particles as the graphitic support material does not provide distinct metal-support interaction. Furthermore, the differently sized cobaltous particles in the various model systems render possible studies on structural dependencies of activity, selectivity, and deactivation in cobalt oxide or cobalt catalysed reactions.</p>

Removal of Trace Metals From Wastewater by Activated Carbon

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
A. Netzer ◽  
J.D. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Nickel Silver ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Carbon Treatment ◽  
Cobalt Copper

Abstract The merits of activated carbon for removal of organic compounds from wastewater have been well documented in the literature. On the other hand there is a lack of published data on the use of activated carbon for the removal of trace metals from wastewater. Experiments were designed to assess the possibility that activated carbon treatment would remove aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc from wastewater. All metals studied were tested over the pH range 3-11. Greater than 99.5% removal was achieved by pH adjustment and activated carbon treatment for most of the metals tested.

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