Application of biological activated carbon anaerobic reactor for treatment of hazardous chemicals

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuno ◽  
M. Kawamura ◽  
T. Oya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor

An expanded-bed anaerobic reactor with granular activated carbon (GAC) medium has been developed to treat wastewaters that contain a high concentration of inhibitory and/or refractory organic compounds as well as readily degradable organic compounds. The process is characterised by a combination of two removal mechanisms; adsorption on GAC and biological degradation by microorganisms grown on GAC. Applicability of the reactor to treatment of phenol, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was discussed based on experimental data. All chemicals focused on here were removed well and stably at a removal efficiency of more than 98% even during starting operation and shock load operation. Chemicals in influent that exceeded biological degradation capacity was initially adsorbed on GAC and then gradually degraded, and hence the adsorptive capacity of GAC was regenerated biologically. These results proved that a biological activated carbon anaerobic reactor was effective for treatment of wastewater containing hazardous chemicals, especially for strongly absorbable chemicals, as well as readily degradable organic compounds at high concentration.

scholarly journals Pesticide removals in the nitrifying expanded-bed filter at drinking water treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nguyet Thi-Minh Dao ◽  
The-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Mitsuharu Terashima ◽  
Hidenari Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon

The occurrence of pesticides even at low concentrations in drinking water sources might induce potential risks to public health. This study aimed to investigate the removal mechanisms of eight pesticides by the nitrifying expanded-bed filter using biological activated carbon media at the pretreatment of a drinking water plant. The field analysis demonstrated that four pesticides Flutolanil, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, and Fenobucard, were removed at 82%, 55%, 54%, and 52% respectively, while others were not significantly removed. Under controlled laboratory conditions with continuous and batch experiments, the adsorption onto the biological activated carbon media was demonstrated to be the main removal pathway of the pesticides. The contribution of microorganisms to the pesticide removals was rather limited. The pesticide removals observed in the field reactor was speculated to be the adsorption on the suspended solids presented in the influent water. The obtained results highlighted the need to apply a more efficient and cost-effective technology to remove the pesticide in the drinking water treatment process. Keywords: biological activated carbon; drinking water treatment; nitrifying expanded-bed filter; pesticide removal.

scholarly journals Clarification of Reprocessed Syrup and Use in the Formulation of Lollipop-Type Hard Candies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6846-6864
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Isotherms

The objective was to evaluate the removal of dye using activated carbon, and apply the best condition in the removal of candy reprocessing syrup pigment, as well as to evaluate its influence in the visual aspect of a lollipop. Adsorption capacity tests were performed with the dye diluted with and without sucrose, and from the data, the linearization of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were calculated. The lollipop was prepared with syrup treated with activated carbon and visually evaluated using a panel of untrained tasters. The Freundlich isotherm adjusted more appropriately to the experimental data of the adsorption of the dye diluted in distilled water, while for the dye diluted in sucrose solution, the most suitable model was Langmuir's. The experimental design condition showed the highest adsorptive capacity (26.91 mg.g-1) for the dye diluted in the aqueous solution was at a temperature of 60 ºC and pH 5.5, while for the sucrose-diluted dye solution, was 103.09 mg.g-1, under the same conditions. The visual evaluation of the lollipop indicated the possibility of adding up to 15% of reprocessing syrup. Thus, the use of activated carbon is an alternative to remove the coloring from candy syrup and enable its reuse within the industry.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Performance of Biological Activated Carbon Reactor for Advanced Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Yen-Hui Lin ◽  
Bing-Han Ho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Monod Kinetics ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
And Performance

The kinetics and performance of a biological activated carbon (BAC) reactor were evaluated to validate the proposed kinetic model. The Freundlich adsorption capacity (Ka) and adsorption intensity constants (n) obtained from the batch experiments were 1.023 ± 0.134 (mg/g) (L/mg)1/n and 2.036 ± 0.785, respectively. The effective diffusivity (Ds) of the substrate within the activated carbon was determined by comparing the adsorption model value with the experimental data to find the best fit value (4.3 × 10–4 cm2/d). The batch tests revealed that the yield coefficient (Y) was 0.18 mg VSS/mg COD. Monod and Haldane kinetics were applied to fit the experimental data and determine the biokinetic constants, such as the maximum specific utilization rate (k), half-saturation constant (KS), inhibition constant (Ki), and biomass death rate coefficient (kd). The results revealed that the Haldane kinetics fit the experimental data better than the Monod kinetics. The values of k, KS, Ki, and kdwere 3.52 mg COD/mg VSS-d, 71.7 mg COD/L, 81.63 mg COD/L, and 4.9 × 10−3 1/d, respectively. The BAC reactor had a high COD removal efficiency of 94.45% at a steady state. The average influent color was found to be 62 ± 22 ADMI color units, and the color removal efficiency was 73‒100% (average 92.3 ± 10.2%). The removal efficiency for ammonium was 73.9 ± 24.4%, while the residual concentration of ammonium in the effluent was 1.91 ± 2.04 mg/L. The effluent quality from the BAC reactor could meet the discharge standard and satisfy the reuse requirements of textile dye wastewater.

Fabrication of Activated Carbon Fibers from Stabilized PAN-Based Fibers by KOH

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Jae Lee ◽  
Jae Hyung Kim ◽  
Jang Soon Kim ◽  
Dong Bok Lee ◽  
Jae Chun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Concentration

Activated carbon fibers were prepared from stabilized PAN-based fibers by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide at different concentration. The experimental data showed variations in specific surface area, microstructure by the activated carbon fibers. Specific surface area of about 2545 m2/g was obtained in the KOH/stabilized PAN-based fiber ratio of 1:1 at 800°. An abrupt reduction of specific surface area was observed in the experiments with the ratio of 3:1 of OH/stabilized PAN-based fiber, being dissimilar with the result of KOH/fiber ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 in the similar experiments. The high concentration of KOH led to the destruction of micropore walls instead of forming mesopores.

Treatment of chemical-pharmaceutical wastewater in packed bed anaerobic reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Nacheva ◽  
B. Peña-Loera ◽  
F. Moralez-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors

Biological degradation in packed bed anaerobic mesophilic reactors with five different support materials was studied for the treatment of chemical-pharmaceutical wastewater with high COD (23–31 g/L), which contains toxic organic compounds. Experimental up-flow bio-filters were operated at different organic loads for a two-year period. Removals of 80–98% were obtained in the reactors with sand, anthracite and black tezontle, but at relatively low organic loads, less than 3.6 kg m−3 d−1. The reactor with granular activated carbon (GAC) had a better performance; efficiencies higher than 95% were obtained at loads up to 17 kg m−3 d−1 and higher than 80% with loads up to 26 kg m−3 d−1. Second in performance was the reactor with red tezontle which allows COD removals higher than 80% with loads up to 6 kg m−3 d−1. The use of GAC as support material allows greater biodegradation rates than the rest of the materials and it makes the process more resistant to organic load increases, inhibition effects and toxicity. Methanogenic activity was inhibited at loads higher than 21.9 kg m−3 d−1 in the GAC-reactor and at loads higher than 3.6 kg m−3 d−1 in the rest of the reactors. At loads lower than the previously mentioned, high methane production yield was obtained, 0.32–0.35 m3CH4/kg CODremoved.

Anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in biological expanded-bed reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tsuno ◽  
Masasumi Kawamura ◽  
Isao Somiya
Keyword(s):  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Methane Production Rate

In this study, anaerobic degradation of PCP was discussed in an expanded-bed GAC anaerobic reactor which was applied to treatment of wastewater containing high concentration of PCP-Na as well as acetate. Total-COD concentration in effluent was kept less than 100 mg/L except for the start-up duration and PCP-Na concentration was kept less than 0.50 mg/L under the experimental conditions (HRT of 5 days, influent PCP-Na concentration of 100 and 400 mg/L, and influent Total-COD concentration of 480 and 1600 mg/L). It was indicated by methane production rate and material balance of PCP-Na that about 60% of PCP-Na loaded into the reactor was transformed to methane and CO2 for 375 days. GC/MS analysis of extracts of the GAC medium and effluent indicated that reductive dechlorination of PCP occurred and dechlorinated phenols were adsorbed on the GAC in the reactor. Microorganisms collected from the reactor degraded PCP-Na and 2-CP anaerobically and addition of acetate in culture accelerated anaerobic degradation of PCP-Na in batch experiments.

Treatment of Bleach Plant Effluent with the Biological Granular Activated Carbon Process

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Jackson-Moss ◽  
J. P. Maree ◽  
S. C. Wotton
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor

Bleach plant effluent from the pulp and paper industry was treated by means of the anaerobic biological granular activated carbon process. It was found that over 50% of the COD and colour could be successfully removed from this effluent. The adsorptive capacity of the activated carbon was extended as a result of microbial activity inside the anaerobic reactor. The results of this investigation suggest that the anaerobic biological granular activated carbon process could be used to alleviate the pollution problems experienced by the pulp and paper industry.

Identification of bacteria assimilating formaldehyde in a biological activated carbon filter by means of DNA stable isotope probing and next-generation sequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kasuga ◽  
F. Kurisu ◽  
H. Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Ozonation followed by a biological activated carbon (BAC) filter is a common process of advanced water purification. Ozone can generate formaldehyde (FA) as a harmful by-product, while the subsequent BAC filter is efficient at removing FA. FA adsorption is limited on activated carbon because of its hydrophilic property and low molecular weight. Thus, biological degradation by biofilms associated with the BAC is regarded as the primary treatment mechanism for FA. However, little is known about the microorganisms involved in the removal of FA. To identify specific microorganisms assimilating FA in a BAC filter, this study applied DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. DNA-SIP with NGS clearly revealed that facultative methylotrophs affiliated within the specific taxonomic groups, such as Hyphomicrobium and Methylibium, were suspected to be the key players in FA removal.

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