Design and Automation of a vertical electrospinning system for manufacturing nanofibers

The objective of this research consists of the design, construction and automation of the electrospinning mechatronic system to obtain nanofibers. As a first stage, the structure of the electrospinning mechatronic system and the distribution, injection and manifold system were designed and built. In the second stage, the open-loop control system was outlined and implemented. It is made up of: control, isolation stage, and the plant. In the first element, the LabView interface and ATMega2560 microcontroller were used to manipulate the variables of the injection speed and distribution of the solution, the speed of the nanofiber collector and the height between the capillary tube and the collector, the magnitude of the temperature and humidity from the environment, also, the graphic interface was developed, the second element consists of isolating the control and power stage in addition to amplifying the command signals and enabling the correction elements, the third element receiving the signals from the power stage to perform the action and produce a change in the controlled variables in the process. With this prototype, it is intended to obtain nanofibers from different polymer solutions for use in the area of catalysis and biomaterials.

Kinetics, modeling and colorimetry of celery leaves dehydration by direct and mixed solar drying

In celery, leaves, roots, and fruit contain a high value in medicinal properties and are used to prepare syrups, tinctures, infusions, or oils; however, its leaves are commonly discarded, wasting their nutritional and medicinal content. The dehydration of these leaves is a conservation option, increasing their shelf life. This study analyzes direct and mixed solar drying (SD and SM) kinetics and their effect on celery leaves. The moisture contents, drying rate, water activity, and colorimetry were obtained. Moreover, the fitting of experimental data to the mathematical models proposed in the literature. The moisture content stabilized at 150 min in the SM at the shortest time with a maximum drying rate of 0.1179 g∙water/g∙ dm∙min. The initial and final water activity was 0.98 and 0.412 in the SM and 0.403 in the SD. The SD better conserved the leaf color, with a total color change (ΔE) of 2.56, while the value obtained with the SM was 5.42. The experimental results of both technologies were better adjusted to the model Two exponential terms with an R² of 0.999. The results show that the solar drying of the celery leaves is feasible, and a quality product is obtained sustainably.

Analysis of the coefficient of linear relationship, generated by the exponential heating during the welding process for an A36 steel plate

The present study presents the relationship of temperature and deformation as well as the analysis of heat transfer and deformation produced during welding of a steel plate. The method consists of strategically welding a base metal plate (A-36) with a high-hardness filler material to obtain an overall increment in wear resistance. However, the thermal cycles generated during welding produced deformation, thus changing the flatness of the plate. Different sequences of welding were applied to obtain a relationship between the heat transfer and deformation. A filler material was applied to 100 holes (1/2” diameter and 8 mm depth) in a ½” steel plate. The temperature and deformation were measured for 3 different welding sequences. Plate 1 reached a final mean temperature of 467 °C and deformation of 0.016”, plate 2 reached 472.9 °C and -0.008”, and plate 3 reached 354.2 °C and 0.020”. The results indicate that the deformation is not function of the final temperature, instead the deformation is function of the slope of the curve temperature vs deformation. The behavior of the curve temperature vs deformation is linear for all cases studied, confirming the findings of the lowest deformation for plate 2 which exhibited the lowest slope.

Study of the drying kinetics of red chili (Capsicum annuum) in an indirect solar dryer tunnel type

The drying process is very intensive in energy consumption. Mexico is a major producer of food, especially of varieties of chilies, with quality culinary and medicinal properties. The 65% of the national market as a dry product, which gives a benefit. In the drying process, the convective technology was used, using a horizontal tunnel with direct solar heating air. The kinetics of the solar dryer with direct heating is possible, with an average drying time of 16 hours of solar irradiance. The tests were performed in Temixco, Morelos, Mexico, located at 18 º 51 'of LN and 99º 14' of LO, with average values of 850 W/m2 irradiance maximum. The chamber temperatures were in a range between 31 and 45 °C. The air velocity range was set between 1.3 and 2.4 m/s. Final moisture contents of the dried chili were obtained in a range between 8% and 6% h.b. with an average drying velocity of 4.7 humidity degree/h. The solar direct drying is a technology that allows recovering and trying different agricultural surpluses and could promote the establishment of agro-industries.

Adaptation of a container tank to a savonius vertical axis turbine analyzed by reverse engineering

Due to the alarming climatic situation experienced by all nations, we are in the need to urgently develop and improve sustainable technologies for power generation in order to supply the growing demand for power generation in power systems worldwide. This project aims to design and build a prototype vertical axis wind turbine Savonius analyzed by reverse engineering process by adapting the structure of a tank and taking advantage of its shape and dimensions, with the intention of building a wind turbine with the lowest possible budget, In addition, data from the psychrometric chart of the state of Puebla (winter-spring) will be used so that by means of numerical simulations of fluid flow using CFD software we can obtain the parameters of linear velocity, angular velocity, drag coefficient and projected power that the wind rotor will be able to develop.

Potencial of energy saving in the fish and seafood cold storage in San Francisco de Campeche

The following paper focuses on energy efficiency applied to a company dedicated to the conservation and freezing of seafood products located in the city of San Francisco de Campeche, Camp, Mexico. For this, a theoretical study is carried out to determine the energy saving potential of one of the refrigeration systems currently installed in the company to fulfill the hypothesis of obtaining savings of up to 3% in energy consumption by reducing 1 °C the condensing temperature of the system. The main thermal loads of the system are Mayan octopus, shrimp, and fish (various). With the help of the Genetron Properties Software, the different calculations are carried out by making variations in the condensation and conservation temperatures, without varying the thermal load, but considering a correct and incorrect heat exchange of the condensing units with the outside.

Management system of smart warehouses using IIoT for optimize inventory control

In the industry, the supply chain develops activities related to the flow of goods. A nerve point of this chain is warehouses, whose operational efficiency allows to minimize product losses and reduce overall costs. This work proposes the automation of a goods warehouse through its integration and interoperation with emerging technologies based on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), with the aim of knowing and planning the stock in real time to optimize its management, since a recurring problem is having outdated inventories, which impact on the lack of traceability of the product. A methodology based on the design of an experimental management system is propose, through RFID devices and a microcontroller allows to monitor the inputs and outputs of goods, the second part of the system is a web application with a user interface where information about inventories could be viewed and analyzed in real time. This research will allow to lay the foundations of automation through IIoT of a warehouse with the purpose of turning it into an intelligent unit that provide strategic information.

Factors influencing the welding process to generate the phenomenon of cut off fingers in photovoltaic modules

In the production process of photovoltaic modules, there are defects of bad welding, defects in the raw material, degradation by environmental factors, as well as bad handling of the material or lack of maintenance, affecting the quality of the product. The omission of control of the temperature in the welding process causes the defect called cut fingers, which consists of the rupture presented by the collectors of the cell. The present research focused on studying the factors that influence the welding process for the generation of cut fingers, emphasizing the temperature measurement during the welding process. The methodology used consisted of describing the materials involved in the welding process and monitoring the temperature in the welding machine, as well as the ambient temperature. Some cells without solder were found. The temperature variation in the welding heads ranged from -14.9 to -121 ° C. With this study it is concluded that the temperature of the welding heads should continue to be monitored, since the variation is out of specification, the pH of the fluss must be verified, and the periodicity of its distillation must be determined to purify it and be able to reuse it.

Sincronización de sistemas activos en procesos de clasificación de objetos por color

This document proposes an application of the theory of control systems in discrete events, and its synthesis using GRAFCET specification, for the management of a prototype system for handling and classifying objects by color. The interaction and synchronization between a robot in angular configuration and a conveyor belt are exposed as active elements, in order to establish a sequence of tasks to be executed; which begins with the entry of an object to the process, to end with the positioning of the same in the respective deposit, once its color has been identified. The development of the prototype for testing, the definition and programming of the process control system based on the suggested methodology and the integration of the graphical interface that allows the user to view its status is shown. The results suggest that the application of formal methods, such as GRAFCET, promote the establishment of a functional, structured, scalable, distributed and concurrent control system, by allowing adequate decentralization of the tasks that each active element must execute and at the same time determine its timely action, no interference with each other.

Trazabilidad para la cadena de suministro agrícola desde un enfoque informático

Traceability is essential in the agricultural sector as a requirement in the supply chain, as it generates valuable information from cultivation to commercialization. In this paper we present a system that concentrates information on the different activities carried out in avocado orchards. The platform includes monitoring activities by connecting to a cloud database that allows access to the different processes that are recorded through a desktop application and a Web page. The system also controls the information that is generated in the maintenance log, as well as the supervision of the orchards through unmanned aerial vehicles that are currently essential to improve the conditions of the crops in the orchards. In this way, maintenance work is controlled efficiently, taking care of the environment through the proper use of fertilizers and other chemicals used in the agricultural field.