Nitrogen removal via ammonia volatilization in maturation ponds

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Camargo Valero ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Waste Stabilization

A simple apparatus was designed to collect ammonia gas coming out from waste stabilization ponds (WSP). The apparatus has a capture chamber and an absorption system, which were optimized under laboratory conditions prior to being used to assess ammonia volatilization rates in a pilot-scale maturation pond during summer 2005. Under laboratory conditions (water temperature = 17.1 °C and pH = 10.1), the average ammonia volatilization rate was 2,517 g NH3-N/ha d and the apparatus absorbed 79% of volatilized ammonia. On site, the mean ammonia volatilization rate was 15 g N/ha d, which corresponds to 3% of the total nitrogen removed (531 g N/ha d) in the maturation pond studied. A net nitrogen mass balance showed that ammonia volatilization was not the most important mechanism involved in either total nitrogen or ammonia removal. Nitrogen fractions (suspended organic nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) from the M1 influent and effluent showed that ammonia is removed by biological (mainly algal) uptake and total nitrogen removal by sedimentation of dead algal biomass.

scholarly journals Further contributions to the understanding of nitrogen removal in waste stabilization ponds

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 2635-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. X. Bastos ◽  
E. N. Rios ◽  
I. A. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Waste Stabilization

Abstract A set of experiments were conducted in Brazil in a pilot-scale waste stabilization pond (WSP) system (a four-maturation-pond series) treating an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor effluent. Over a year and a half the pond series was monitored under two flow rate conditions, hence also different hydraulic retention times and surface loading rates. On-site and laboratory trials were carried out to assess: (i) ammonia losses by volatilization using acrylic capture chambers placed at the surface of the ponds; (ii) organic nitrogen sedimentation rates using metal buckets placed at the bottom of the ponds for collecting settled particulate matter; (iii) nitrogen removal by algal uptake based on the nitrogen content of the suspended particulate matter in samples from the ponds' water column. In addition, nitrification and denitrification rates were measured in laboratory-based experiments using pond water and sediment samples. The pond system achieved high nitrogen removal (69% total nitrogen and 92% ammonia removal). The average total nitrogen removal rates varied from 10,098 to 3,849 g N/ha·d in the first and the last ponds, respectively, with the following fractions associated with the various removal pathways: (i) 23.5–45.6% sedimentation of organic nitrogen; (ii) 13.1–27.8% algal uptake; (iii) 1.2–3.1% ammonia volatilization; and (iv) 0.15–0.34% nitrification-denitrification.

Nitrogen removal in maturation ponds: tracer experiments with 15N-labelled ammonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Camargo Valero ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Influent Water ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Tracer Experiments

A primary maturation pond (M1) was spiked with labelled ammonium chloride (15NH4Cl) to track ammonium transformations associated with algal uptake and subsequent sedimentation. Conventional sampling based on grab samples collected from M1 influent, water column and effluent, and processed for unfiltered and filtered TKN, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, found low total nitrogen removal (8%) and high ammonium nitrogen removal (90%). Stable isotope analysis of 15N from suspended organic and ammonium nitrogen fractions in M1 effluent revealed that labelled ammonium was mainly found in the organic fraction (69% of the 15N recovered), rather than the inorganic fraction (5%). Algal uptake was the predominant pathway for ammonia removal, even though conditions were favourable for ammonia volatilization (8.9 < pH <10.1 units, 15.2 < temperature <18.8 °C). Total nitrogen was removed by ammonia volatilization at 15 g N/ha d (3%), organic nitrogen sedimentation at 105 g N/ha d (20%), and in-pond accumulation due to algal uptake at 377 g N/ha d (71%). Algal uptake of ammonium and subsequent sedimentation and retention in the benthic sludge, after partial ammonification of the algal organic nitrogen, is thus likely to be the dominant mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in maturation ponds during warm summer months in England.

Nitrogen removal during summer and winter in a primary facultative waste stabilization pond: preliminary findings from 15N-labelled ammonium tracking techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. C. van der Linde ◽  
D. D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Dye Tracer ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Rhodamine Wt ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Experimental Runs

Nitrogen removal mechanisms and pathways within WSP have been the focus of much research over the last 30 years. Debates and theories postulated continue to refine our knowledge regarding the cycling and removal pathways for this important nutrient, but a succinct answer has yet to be provided for holistic nitrogen removal. In this study, two experimental runs using labelled 15N as a stable isotope tracking technique were conducted on a pilot-scale primary facultative WSP in the UK; one in the summer of 2006, and the other in the winter of 2007. An ammonium chloride (15NH4Cl) spike was prepared as the slug for each experimental run, which also contained rhodamine WT to act as a dye tracer enabling the hydraulic characteristics of the pond to be mapped. Initial results from the study are reported here, and findings are compared and contrasted. Preliminary findings reveal that a greater proportion of 15N is incorporated into the algal biomass by assimilation and subsequent release as soluble organic nitrogen in summer than in winter. 15N ammonium passes out of the system much sooner and in a much higher proportion in the winter than in summer.

Nitrogen removal in baffled waste stabilization ponds

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Muttamara ◽  
U. Puetpaiboon
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization

This study evaluated nitrogen removal in Baffled Waste Stabilization Ponds (BWSPs) comprising laboratory and pilot-scale ponds with different number of baffles. The aim was to promote the waste stabilization pond practice for wastewater treatment in tropical countries by increasing nitrogen and organic carbon removal efficiency or reducing the land area requirement through the use of baffles which increased the biofilm biomass concentrations. The experiments started with a tracer study to find out the hydraulic characteristics of each pond. It was shown that the dispersion number decreased with increasing flow length and number of baffles which indicated more plug flow conditions. The deviation of actual HRT from theoretical HRT was computed and the flow pattern suggested the existence of an optimum spacing of baffles in BWSP units. The investigations further revealed that more than 65% TN and 90% NH3-N removal efficiencies were achieved at HRT of 5 days in a 6 baffled pond, which corresponds to the specific area of 34.88 m2m3. TN and NH3-N removal increased with increasing number of baffles in the BWSP units. Combined algal/bacterial biofilm grown on the baffles immersed in the ponds showed potential for increasing the extent of nitrification. COD removal increased with higher number of baffles with its maximum removal efficiency at 6 baffles. Compared with normal WSP, BWSP gave higher TN, NH3-N, COD and BOD5 removal efficiency. The effluent SS concentrations from the laboratory-scale 6 baffled pond were less than 20 mg/L at HRT of 3 days or more.

Further contributions to nitrogen removal modelling in waste stabilization ponds

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. X. Bastos ◽  
V. A. L. Cabral ◽  
E. N. Rios ◽  
M. P. M. Combatt
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization

A large database from an experimental maturation pond system in Brazil was used to verify the agreement of field results with values predicted by some of the most widely accepted models to describe ammonium and total nitrogen (TN) removal in facultative and maturation ponds. The same database was used to derive a pH-independent linear model to predict ammonium removal in ponds, which was proved to be, essentially, a function of ammonium surface loading rate. In general, all these models made reasonable predictions of ammonium or TN removal but tended to overestimate low ammonium effluent concentrations while underestimating higher values of field data.

scholarly journals Modeling Nitrogen Decrease in Water Lettuce Ponds from Waste Stabilization Ponds

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Gitta Agnes Putri ◽  
Sunarsih
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Bacterial Uptake ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

This paper presents about the dynamic modeling of the Water Lettuce ponds as a form of improvement from the Water Hyacinth ponds. The purpose of this paper is to predict nitrogen decrease and nitrogen transformation in Water Lettuce ponds integrated with Waste Stabilization Ponds. The model consists of 4 mass balances, namely Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON), Particulate Organic Nitrogen (PON), ammonium (NH4+), Nitrate and Nitrite (NOx). The process of nitrogen transformation which considered in a Water Lettuce ponds, namely hydrolysis, mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, plant and bacterial uptake processes. Numerical simulations are performed by giving the values of parameters and the initial values of nitrogen compounds based on a review of previous studies. Numerical results show that the rate of change in the concentration of nitrogen compounds in the integration ponds of waste stabilization and water lettuce decreases and reaches stable at different times.

Control and separation of algae particles from WSP effluent by using floating aquatic plant root mats

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
W.-J. Kim ◽  
P.-G. Chung ◽  
W. O. Pipes
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Adsorption Phenomena ◽  
Integrated Processes

In this paper, the potential uses of water hyacinth and its root mats for separating algae particles in the effluent from waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) were discussed. Pilot-scale integrated processes consisting of WSPs and multiple WHPs (water hyacinth ponds) were operated in order to extract effects of the root mats on the reduction of algae concentrations. Root mats in the bottom of WHPs separated significant amount of the algae cells through attachment as the effluent from WSPs passed through them. Attachment of the algae particles to the surface of live roots was found to be similar to adsorption phenomena but it lasted even at saturation, probably due to the continuous reproduction of active attachment sites by detachment and growth of the roots. Additionally, this paper discusses attachment mechanisms and other issues concerning design and polishing of the WSPs effluent by WHPs.

Effect of Superphosphate as Additive on Nitrogen and Carbon Losses during Pig Manure Composting

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1675-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ming Luo ◽  
De Gang Xu ◽  
Guo Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Initial Carbon ◽  
P Content ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Carbon Losses

A pilot scale experiment of composting in rotting boxes used pig manure with cornstalks was carried out to study the effects of superphosphate on nitrogen and carbon losses including gas emissions. Besides control, there were five amended treatments with superphosphate addition (counted by P content) at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 molar ratio of initial nitrogen. The results indicated that superphosphate addition decreased ammonia volatilization, total nitrogen and carbon losses in composting. Total nitrogen losses of superphosphate-amended treatments were reduced by 9.3%, 14.6%, 30.1%, 45.8% and 71.5%, respectively. About 0.8% to 1.2% of initial nitrogen lost in the form of N2O emission, and the CH4 emission accounted for less than 0.3% of initial carbon. More than 0.15 molar ratio of superphosphate in compost materials caused considerable adverse effects on degradation of organic matter.

Post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent in waste stabilization ponds and in horizontal flow constructed wetlands: a comparative study in pilot scale in Southeast Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. X. Bastos ◽  
M. L. Calijuri ◽  
P. D. Bevilacqua ◽  
E. N. Rios ◽  
E. H. O. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
And Performance

The results of a 20-month period study in Brazil were analyzed to compare horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (CW) and waste stabilization pond (WSP) systems in terms of land area requirements and performance to produce effluent qualities for surface water discharge, and for wastewater use in agriculture and/or aquaculture. Nitrogen, E. coli and helminth eggs were more effectively removed in WSP than in CW. It is indicated that CW and WSP require similar land areas to achieve a bacteriological effluent quality suitable for unrestricted irrigation (103E. coli per 100 mL), but CW would require 2.6 times more land area than ponds to achieve quite relaxed ammonia effluent discharge standards (20 mg NH3 L−1), and, by far, more land than WSP to produce an effluent complying with the WHO helminth guideline for agricultural use (≤1 egg per litre).

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