A stochastic approach for automatic generation of urban drainage systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Möderl ◽  
D. Butler ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Real World ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Urban Drainage System ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

Typically, performance evaluation of new developed methodologies is based on one or more case studies. The investigation of multiple real world case studies is tedious and time consuming. Moreover extrapolating conclusions from individual investigations to a general basis is arguable and sometimes even wrong. In this article a stochastic approach is presented to evaluate new developed methodologies on a broader basis. For the approach the Matlab-tool “Case Study Generator” is developed which generates a variety of different virtual urban drainage systems automatically using boundary conditions e.g. length of urban drainage system, slope of catchment surface, etc. as input. The layout of the sewer system is based on an adapted Galton-Watson branching process. The sub catchments are allocated considering a digital terrain model. Sewer system components are designed according to standard values. In total, 10,000 different virtual case studies of urban drainage system are generated and simulated. Consequently, simulation results are evaluated using a performance indicator for surface flooding. Comparison between results of the virtual and two real world case studies indicates the promise of the method. The novelty of the approach is that it is possible to get more general conclusions in contrast to traditional evaluations with few case studies.

scholarly journals Attribute-based intervention development for increasing resilience of urban drainage systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Sweetapple ◽  
Guangtao Fu ◽  
Raziyeh Farmani ◽  
Fanlin Meng ◽  
Sarah Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer System

Abstract Resilience building commonly focuses on attributes such as redundancy. Whilst this may be effective in some cases, provision of specific attributes does not guarantee resilient performance and research is required to determine the suitability of such approaches. This study uses 250 combined sewer system virtual case studies to explore the effects of two attribute-based interventions (increasing distributed storage and reducing imperviousness) on performance-based resilience measures. These are found to provide improvement in performance under system failure in the majority of case studies, but it is also shown that attribute-based intervention development can result in reduced resilience.

scholarly journals The Bellinge data set: open data and models for community-wide urban drainage systems research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnethe Nedergaard Pedersen ◽  
Jonas Wied Pedersen ◽  
Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez ◽  
Annette Brink-Kjær ◽  
Morten Borup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Urban Drainage System ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

Abstract. This paper describes a comprehensive and unique open-access data set for research within hydrological and hydraulic modelling of urban drainage systems. The data comes from a mainly combined urban drainage system covering a 1.7 km2 area in the town of Bellinge, a suburb to the city of Odense, Denmark. The data set consists of up to 10 years of observations (2010–2020) from 13 level meters, one flow meter, one position-sensor and four power sensors in the system, along with rainfall data from three rain gauges and two weather radars (X- and C-band), and meteorological data from a nearby weather station. The system characteristics of the urban drainage system (information about manholes, pipes etc.) can be found in the data set along with characteristics of the surface area (contour lines etc.). Two detailed hydrodynamic, distributed urban drainage models of the system are provided in the software systems Mike Urban and EPA SWMM. The two simulation models generally show similar responses, but systematic differences are present since the models have not been calibrated. With this data set we provide a useful case that enables independent testing and replication of results from future scientific developments and innovation within urban hydrology and urban drainage system research. The data set can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.c.5029124, (Pedersen et al., 2021a). 

Integrated modelling: comparison of state variables, processes and parameters in sewer and wastewater treatment plant models

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fronteau ◽  
W. Bauwens ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Urban Drainage System

All the parts of an urban drainage system, i.e. the sewer system, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the river, should be integrated into one single model to assess the performance of the overall system and for the development of design and control strategies assisting in its sustainable and cost effective management. Existing models for the individual components of the system have to be merged in order to develop the integrated tool. One of the problems arising from this methodology is the incompatibility of state variables, processes and parameters used in the different modelling approaches. Optimisation of an urban drainage system, and of the wastewater treatment process in particular, requires a good knowledge of the wastewater composition. As important transformations take place between the emission from the household and the arrival at the treatment facility, sewer models should include these transformations in the sewer system. At present, however, research is still needed in order to increase our knowledge of these in-sewer processes. A comparison of the state variables, processes and parameters has been carried out in both sewer models (SMs) and activated sludge models (ASMs). An ASM approach is used for the description of reactions in sewer models. However, a difference is found in the expression for organic material (expressed in terms of BOD) and heterotrophic biomass is absent as a state variable, resulting in differences in processes and parameters. Reconciliation of both the models seems worthwhile and a preliminary solution is suggested in this paper.

scholarly journals An integrated approach for urban water quality assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Beenen ◽  
J. G. Langeveld ◽  
H. J. Liefting ◽  
R. H. Aalderink ◽  
H. Velthorst
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Urban Drainage System ◽  
Urban Water Quality ◽  
Receiving Water

This paper introduces an integrated approach for the assessment of receiving water quality and the relative contribution of the urban drainage system to perceived receiving water quality problems. The approach combines mass balances with relatively simple receiving water impact models. The research project has learned that the urban drainage system is only one of the determining factors with respect to receiving urban water quality problems. The morphology of the receiving waters and the non-sewer sources of pollution, such as waterbirds, dogs, or inflow of external surface water might be equally important. This conclusion underlines the necessity to changes today's emission based approach and adopt an integral and immission based approach. The integrated approach is illustrated on a case study in Arnhem, where the receiving water quality remained unsatisfactory even after retrofitting a combined sewer system into a separated sewer system.

scholarly journals Partitioning the impacts of spatial and climatological rainfall variability in urban drainage modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1559-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Peleg ◽  
Frank Blumensaat ◽  
Peter Molnar ◽  
Simone Fatichi ◽  
Paolo Burlando
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Flow Variability ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract. The performance of urban drainage systems is typically examined using hydrological and hydrodynamic models where rainfall input is uniformly distributed, i.e., derived from a single or very few rain gauges. When models are fed with a single uniformly distributed rainfall realization, the response of the urban drainage system to the rainfall variability remains unexplored. The goal of this study was to understand how climate variability and spatial rainfall variability, jointly or individually considered, affect the response of a calibrated hydrodynamic urban drainage model. A stochastic spatially distributed rainfall generator (STREAP – Space-Time Realizations of Areal Precipitation) was used to simulate many realizations of rainfall for a 30-year period, accounting for both climate variability and spatial rainfall variability. The generated rainfall ensemble was used as input into a calibrated hydrodynamic model (EPA SWMM – the US EPA's Storm Water Management Model) to simulate surface runoff and channel flow in a small urban catchment in the city of Lucerne, Switzerland. The variability of peak flows in response to rainfall of different return periods was evaluated at three different locations in the urban drainage network and partitioned among its sources. The main contribution to the total flow variability was found to originate from the natural climate variability (on average over 74 %). In addition, the relative contribution of the spatial rainfall variability to the total flow variability was found to increase with longer return periods. This suggests that while the use of spatially distributed rainfall data can supply valuable information for sewer network design (typically based on rainfall with return periods from 5 to 15 years), there is a more pronounced relevance when conducting flood risk assessments for larger return periods. The results show the importance of using multiple distributed rainfall realizations in urban hydrology studies to capture the total flow variability in the response of the urban drainage systems to heavy rainfall events.

Urban Drainage Systems: Design and Operation

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 31-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marsalek ◽  
T. O. Barnwell ◽  
W. Geiger ◽  
M. Grottker ◽  
W. C. Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters

Design and operation of urban drainage systems are addressed in the context of the urban water system comprising drainage, sewage treatment plants and receiving waters. The planning and design of storm sewers are reviewed with reference to planning objectives, design objectives, flows and pollutant loads, sewer system structures and urban runoff control and treatment. The discussion of combined sewers focuses on hydraulic design of combined sewer systems, including combined sewer overflow (CSO) structures, and the use of CSO structures and storage in control of CSOs. The section on operation of sewer systems focuses on real time control, its feasibility, planning, design, operation and applications. Sewer system planning and design are generally conducted using computer modelling tools and procedures which are reviewed in the last section. A brief listing of selected models focuses on internationally used models. Finally, it was concluded that further improvements in environmental and ecological protection of urban waters is feasible only by consideration of urban drainage systems in conjunctions with sewage treatment and water quality in the receiving waters.

Influence and modelling of urban runoff on the peak flows in rivers

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1919-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vaes ◽  
T. Feyaerts ◽  
P. Swartenbroekx
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Catchments

Surface waters and urban drainage systems are usually studied separately. However there are important interactions between both systems. Urban drainage systems can have an important impact on the surface waters, mainly at combined sewer overflows. On the other hand during periods of high water levels in a river, the runoff from the urban drainage system can be significantly influenced by backwater, which increases the probability of flooding in is not obvious, because the modelling tools for both systems are often hard to combine properly. To properly assess the probability of flooding for this kind of integrated water systems, different submodels are needed for both subsystems. In practice often one single model is used to describe the runoff to rivers despite the presence of urban catchments. The main objective of this study is to show the limits of this simplified approach. Furthermore, it is necessary to use continuous long term simulations, because of the differences in runoff behaviour. Detailed hydrodynamic models do not really fit for this purpose because of long simulation times and high demands in memory and disk space. Therefore simplified conceptual models are more useful.

scholarly journals Multiscale Resilience in Water Distribution and Drainage Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Kegong Diao
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Real World ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Single Scale

Multiscale resilience, i.e., coordinating different scales within a system to jointly cope and mitigate risks on any single scale, is identified as the feature of a complex resilient system. However, in water distribution systems (WDSs) and urban drainage systems (UDSs), the inherent resilience is usually not multiscale resilience. By referring to the larger scale to larger pipes serving both local users and some other users at smaller scales, it can be found that smaller scales are not responsible for providing resilience to cope with failures in larger scales. These are because the main function of traditional water systems is to deliver water from upstream to downstream. This study demonstrates that improving multiscale resilience in WDSs and UDSs needs to allow water to travel reversely in the system via providing extra capacities and/or connections at smaller scales. This hypothesis is verified via case studies on a real world WDS and UDS.

Comparison between InfoWorks hydraulic results and a physical model of an urban drainage system

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Rubinato ◽  
James Shucksmith ◽  
Adrian J. Saul ◽  
Will Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

Urban drainage systems are frequently analysed using hydraulic modelling software packages such as InfoWorks CS or MIKE-Urban. The use of such modelling tools allows the evaluation of sewer capacity and the likelihood and impact of pluvial flood events. Models can also be used to plan major investments such as increasing storage capacity or the implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems. In spite of their widespread use, when applied to flooding the results of hydraulic models are rarely compared with field or laboratory (i.e. physical modelling) data. This is largely due to the time and expense required to collect reliable empirical data sets. This paper describes a laboratory facility which will enable an urban flood model to be verified and generic approaches to be built. Results are presented from the first phase of testing, which compares the sub-surface hydraulic performance of a physical scale model of a sewer network in Yorkshire, UK, with downscaled results from a calibrated 1D InfoWorks hydraulic model of the site. A variety of real rainfall events measured in the catchment over a period of 15 months (April 2008–June 2009) have been both hydraulically modelled and reproduced in the physical model. In most cases a comparison of flow hydrographs generated in both hydraulic and physical models shows good agreement in terms of velocities which pass through the system.

Performance assessment of separate and combined sewer systems in metropolitan areas in southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Cang Feng ◽  
Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

To assess the performance of urban drainage systems in metropolitan areas in southern China, 12 urban drainage systems, including nine separate sewer systems (SSSs) and three combined sewer systems (CSSs) were monitored from 2008 to 2012 in Shanghai and Hefei. Illicit connection rates of SSS were determined. The results indicate that serious illicit connections exist for most SSSs. Annual volume balance for two SSSs with serious illicit connection was assessed with a hydraulic model to determine the dry weather overflow volume. Although interception facilities have been implemented in SSSs, for some systems with serious illicit connections, a considerable volume of dry weather overflow still existed. Combined with monitoring of dry/wet weather flow quality, the pollutant load caused by wet/dry weather overflow was quantified. The results revealed that there was no obvious advantage of having SSSs over CSSs in terms of pollutant control. The serious pollution caused by illicit connections and insufficient management occurs in many cities in China. The performance assessment of separate and CSSs in Shanghai and Hefei provides important lessons and practical experience that can be applied to the construction and management of urban drainage system in China as well as other developing countries.

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