Assessment of classical surface organic loading design equations based on the actual performance of primary and secondary facultative ponds

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia C. Oliveira ◽  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Classical Design ◽  
Operational Aspects

This article presents results from a performance evaluation of 73 full-scale primary facultative ponds and 37 secondary facultative ponds in Brazil. The data were used to test the applicability of some classical design equations for recommended surface BOD loading rates. The empirical equations proposed by Mara in 1976 and 1987 and the equation developed by McGarry and Pescod in 1970 were evaluated. The loading and hydraulic operating conditions were also evaluated to support the analysis of the influence of the parameters surface BOD loading (Ls) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of the ponds. The results showed that the design equations proposed by Mara showed good applicability for primary facultative ponds, representing good indicators of the limit value of loading rates to be applied on the units. But the secondary facultative ponds showed good and poor performances for all loading rates and the best ponds, in general, were not those which followed the design equations recommendation. Finally, the influence of the actual loading conditions on the ponds performance was very small and scattered, indicating that other unquantified design and operational aspects were playing an important role.

scholarly journals Performance of Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) bioreactor treating recycled paper mill effluent: Effects of organic loading rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Siti Roshayu Hassan ◽  
Irvan Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Maximum Removal

The performance of modified anaerobic hybrid baffled (MAHB) bioreactor treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) was investigated at various organic loading rates (OLR) of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g COD/ L.day. The bioreactor was operated continuously at constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a day without effluent recycled and chemicals adjustment/addition. Throughout 70 days of operation, a maximum removal efficiency up to 97% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 98% of volatile fatty acid, biogas production of 12.51 L/day equivalent to methane (CH4) yield of 0.108L CH4/ g COD and a stable pH system between 6.6 to 7.2 were achieved. Additionally, alkalinity of the bioreactor system shows a stable profile that indicates the whole system was well buffered with a quit high degradation of volatile solid (VS) up to 18%. These results indicated that MAHB bioreactor has been successfully treated RPME at various OLR.

scholarly journals STUDY ON GRANULATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE USING SEQUENCING BATCH AIRLIFT REACTOR FOR COD AND AMMONIA REMOVAL

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Luc Trong Nguyen ◽  
Dan Phuoc Nguyen ◽  
Nam Tay Tran
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Airlift Reactor ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granules ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Shell Powder

Synthetic wastewater with glucose as carbon source was used for cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch airlift reactor (SBAR). Grinded shell powder with diatmeter of 150-200 um used as carrier. SBAR was run at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 5.1 hours, airflow of 4 liters/m and airlift velocity of 4.2 cm/s. The experiment was run at two organic loading rates (OLRs). They were 2.6 and 5.2 kg COD/m°.day, corresponding to influent COD and N-ammonia of 600; 1200 mg/l and 26; 60 mg/l, respectively. After 61 days of running, aerobic granules with size of 1,0-1,2 mm are formed. The size of granules increased to 5 mm at 80th day. Aerobic granules had settling velocity of 36-56 m/h, SVI of 11,4-44.2 ml/g. COD and N-ammonia removal of SBAR were greater than 96% and 75-90%, respectively. It was found that nitrification and denitrification occurred simultaneously in granules.' The COD and N-animonia of SBAR decreased to 70% and 51%, respectively when filamentous sludge bulking and viscous bulking appeared simultaneously.

scholarly journals Improved hydrogen production from pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater in an anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 33714-33722
Author(s):  
Ruina Liu ◽  
Youwei Lin ◽  
Xiaodong Ye ◽  
Jinzhao Hu ◽  
Gongdi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates

An anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor was used to investigate continuous hydrogen production for treatment of pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater at different organic loading rates according to changes in the hydraulic retention time.

Application of constructed wetlands to treat some toxic wastewaters under tropical conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Polprasert ◽  
N. P. Dan ◽  
N. Thayalakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Stems And Leaves

This study evaluated the potential of a free water surface constructed wetland system in treating some toxic wastewaters (i.e. phenolic and heavy metals). In a temperature range of 22–30°C, the constructed wetland units, whose hydraulic retention times (HRT) were 5–7 days, could remove more than 99% of the input phenol when they were operated at or below the organic loading rates (OLR) and influent phenol concentrations of 270 kg COD/(ha.d) and 400 mg/l, respectively. The effluent dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were 4–7 mg/l at OLR of 40–140 kg COD/(ha.d), but these DO levels decreased to 0.2–0.3 mg/l when the OLR were increased to 165–270 kg COD/(ha.d). Under similar operating conditions, the constructed wetland units could remove more than 99% of the applied chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), when either the Cr or Ni influent concentrations were 1–50 mg/l. The phenolic and heavy metal compounds were found to accumulate mostly at the roots of Typha, followed by the stems and leaves.

Experimental Studies for Improved Nitrification in Shallow Lagoon Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
P. H. Scott ◽  
P. M. Gross ◽  
K. Baskaran ◽  
M. A. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Shallow Lagoon ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lagoon Systems ◽  
Experimental Ponds

Two separate experimental studies aimed at enhancing nitrification in lagoon systems are described. In the first study a system of four 1:10 scale experimental ponds was used to evaluate the potential for enhancement of nitrification through the control of hydraulic loading rates to lagoon systems. A relationship incorporating the parameters: hydraulic retention time, nitrifier growth rate, temperature, pH and chlorophyll a concentration was established. This relationship provides a useful guide to managing lagoons but further work is required to provide a better understanding of the processes involved. In the second study eight laboratory-scale reactors were used to evaluate the potential for enhancement of nitrification through the use of algal/bacterial biofilms. The study showed that these biofilms have the potential to enhance nitrification, particularly under more adverse conditions such as low hydraulic retention time, high organic loading and low levels of D.O., pH and temperature.

scholarly journals Links between Process Performance and Microbial Community of Pennisetum Hybrid Co-Digested with Municipal Solid Waste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3651
Author(s):  
Quanlin Zhao ◽  
Shuibin He ◽  
Lianhua Li ◽  
Yongming Sun ◽  
Haiwei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

In this study, the links between performance and microbial communities were investigated with municipal solid waste (MSW) at two feedstock ratios and eight organic loading rates (OLRs). The co-digestion systems were stably operated at OLRs of 2.0–6.0 g VS/(L·d). The performance of the co-digestion system varied with the feedstock ratio. Compared with the 50:50 (hybrid Pennisetum:MSW) system, the 75:50 system, GM31, obtained increases of 1.93–17.68% and 0.29–23.29% for the specific biogas and methane yields, respectively. Whereas a shift in bacterial and methanogen communities occurred as the operating conditions changed, particularly with OLR variations. The genera Saccharofermentans, Prevotella, Clostridium, Syntrophomonas, and Proteiniphilum became the dominant bacteria for the conversion of carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds as the OLR increased. Meanwhile, a shift from acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic or multifunctional methanogens was observed.

RESEARCH AND EVALUATE TREATMENT EFFICIENCY ON TAPIOCA PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY AEROBIC BIOFILTER TECHNOLOGY WITH VARIOUS MATERIALS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Phuong Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Anh Cam Thieu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Loading Rates

This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of tapioca processing wastewater treatment using aerobic biofilter with variety of biofilter media: coir, coal, PVC plastic and Bio - Ball BB15 plastic. Research results in the lab demonstrated all four aerobic biofilter models processed can treated completely N and COD which COD reached 90-98% and N reached 61-92%, respectively, at the organic loading rates in range of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kgCOD/m3.day. The results identified coir filter was the best in four researched materials with removal COD and specific substract utilization rate can reach 98%, and 0.6 kg COD/kgVSS.day. Research results open the new prospects for the application of the cheap materials, available for wastewater treatment.

Stabilization of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Consolidating Benthal Deposits

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 929-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Bryant ◽  
L. G. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organic Deposits

The objective of this research was to develop and validate a predictive model of the benthal stabilization of organic carbon and nitrogen in deposits of waste activated sludge solids formed at the bottom of an aerated water column, under conditions of continual deposition. A benthal model was developed from a one-dimensional, generalized transport equation and a set of first-order biological reactions. For model verification, depth profiles of the major interstitial carbon and nitrogen components were measured from a set of deposits formed in the laboratory at 20°C and a controlled loading rate. The observed sequence of volatile acid utilization in each benthal deposit was that which would be predicted by the Gibbs free energies of the individual degradation reactions and would be controlled by the reduction in interstitial hydrogen partial pressure with time. Biodegradable solids were solubilized rapidly during the first three weeks of benthal retention, but subsequent solubilization occurred much more slowly. The benthal simulation effectively predicted the dynamics of consolidating, organic deposits. Simulation of organic loading rates up to 250 g BVSS/(m2 day) indicated that the stabilization capacity of benthal deposits was far above the range of organic loading rates currently used in lagoon design.

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