Effect of substrates and intermediate compounds on foaming in manure digestion systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2146-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boe ◽  
P. G. Kougias ◽  
F. Pacheco ◽  
S. O-Thong ◽  
I. Angelidaki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Foaming Property ◽  
High Concentrations

Manure contains several compounds that can potentially cause foaming during anaerobic digestion. Understanding the effect of substrates and intermediate compounds on foaming tendency and stability could facilitate strategies for foaming prevention and recovery of the process. In this study, the effect of physicochemical properties of substrates and intermediate compounds on liquid properties such as surface tension, surfactant property, and hydrophobicity were investigated and compared with the effect on foaming tendency and foam stability. The results showed that there was no consistent correlation between foaming potential and hydrophobicity, oil displacement area (ODA) or surface tension of the tested solutions, and the best way to determine the foaming property of the solution was to directly measure foaming tendency and foam stability. Na-oleate and acetic acid showed the highest potential to create foam in a manure digester. Moreover, high organic loading of lipids and protein, and high concentrations of acetic and butyric acids also showed a strong tendency to create foaming during anaerobic digestion. Due to their great ability to stabilize foam, high organic loadings of Na-oleate or gelatine were considered to be the main potential foaming problem.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SALTS OF ETHYL ETHER 4-MORPHOLINYL ACETIC ACID

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Нина Ивановна Белоцерковец
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Adsorption Layer ◽  
Quaternary Salts ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Tension Isotherms

Для четвертичных солей Х-алкил-Х-(этоксикарбонил)-метилморфолиния (алкил: бензил-, додецил-, гексадецил-) получены изотермы поверхностного натяжения на границе водный раствор-воздух, определены значения критической концентрации мицеллообразования, предельной адсорбции, площади молекулы в насыщенном адсорбционном слое. For the quaternary salts of N-alkyl-N-(ethoxycarbonyl)methylmorpholinium (alkyl: benzyl-, dodecyl-, hexadecyl-), surface tension isotherms were obtained at the water-air interface, values of critical micelle concentration, limiting adsorption, and the area of the molecule in saturated adsorption layer were determined.

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of the new drug Penox-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Batyrova ◽  
M.S. Saypullaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Foam Layer ◽  
Slaked Lime

The physicochemical properties of the substances included in the composition of the new disinfectant Penox-1 have been studied. Assessment of its disinfecting properties of veterinary in-spection objects, with the study of solubility in water and sodium chloride, surface tension of solutions, stability and adhesion of foam on vertical and ceiling test surfaces in laboratory conditions. At the initial stage, the temperature dependence of the solubility of slaked lime in water was es-tablished. It was determined by the change in the activity of OH- ions as the temperature of the over-saturated solution of slaked lime increased. Distilled water was used as a solvent. The solubility of slaked lime was also studied by adding 1.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 10.0 % sodium chloride solution. The experi-ments were carried out according to the method "On the procedure for testing new disinfectants for veterinary practice (1987)". Assessment with the study of the surface tension of solutions, resistance and adhesion of foam was carried out at the Institute of Physics, DSCRAN, also according to the indi-cated method. As a result of the experiments, it was found that with an increase in water temperature, the sol-ubility of slaked lime in it decreases. Adding 1 and 3% sodium chloride solution to a 90 % solution of slaked lime, the solubility increases by 2.15 and 2.2 times, respectively. With an increase in sodium chloride content to 5%, the solubility of hydrated lime begins to decrease. The presence in the solution of 20 % slaked lime and 3 % sodium chloride solution, 5 % foaming agent (PO-6k) reduces surface ten-sion and increases foam stability. It was also found that the thickness of the foam layer depends on the type of surface. The critical thickness of the foam layer on vertical surfaces was from 1 to 4 cm, on the ceiling – from 2 to 7 cm. The stability of the foam depends on its concentration in the solution. The foam content up to 5–6 % in the solution increased the resistance on vertical surfaces up to 16 minutes, and on ceiling surfaces up to 18 minutes.

Implementation of the IWA anaerobic digestion model No.1 (ADM1) for simulating digestion of blackwater from vacuum toilets

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Feng ◽  
J. Behrendt ◽  
C. Wendland ◽  
R. Otterpohl
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biochemical Kinetics ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Mesophilic Conditions

The IWA anaerobic digestion model No.1 (ADM1) is applied to the blackwater anaerobic digestion (BWAD) plant in this work. In order to verify the biochemical kinetics, batch experiments were executed. According to the Monod type kinetics, the maximum uptake rates (km) of butyric acid (HBu), propionic acid (HPr) and acetic acid (HAc) are testified as 18, 14, 13 d−1, and their half saturation concentrations (KS) are 110, 120, 160 g COD/m3, respectively. Afterwards, the model was calibrated based on the performance of a laboratory scale BWAD plant (under mesophilic conditions) by three scenario studies, i.e. the reference conditions, different feeding frequencies and high NH4+ concentration. The model successfully simulated three scenarios. The further two virtual scenario studies were achieved based on the calibrated model. First, the performance of BWAD plant was predicted with different hydraulic retention times (HRT); second, the kitchen refuse (KR) was added into the BWAD plant as additional organic loading. The model predicted the perspective of BW plus KR digestion and generated valuable suggestions for the operation of the real BWAD plant.

Effect of organic loading, feed-to-inoculum ratio, and pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of tobacco stalks

2020 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 122474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Ligong Wang ◽  
Zhuangqiang Dai ◽  
Ruihong Zhang ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Loading

Impact of organic loading rate and reactor design on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of mixed supermarket waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
L. Megido ◽  
L. Negral ◽  
Y. Fernández-Nava ◽  
B. Suárez-Peña ◽  
P. Ormaechea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profile, Physicalchemical Properties and Minerals with Quantify Indicador of Astrocaryum aculeatum Pulp Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Bernardo M. Linhares ◽  
Ana Marcia D. C. Costa ◽  
Herliana D. F. Abreu ◽  
Ana Cristina G. Reis de Melo ◽  
Pedro R. E. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Astrocaryum Aculeatum ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Acid Index

The species Astrocaryum aculeatum (Arecaceae) is known in the Brazilian Amazon as tucumã, whose fruit is much appreciated by the population of the region, where its pulp, oleaginous, is the most consumed. Thus, the aim of this work was to perform a profile of fatty acids by GC-FID and minerals by ICP-OES of the oil of the pulp of the tucumã (A. aculeatum), as well as their physicochemical properties by 1H NMR. The fruits were collected in Alto Alegre city, Roraima, Brazil. These were taken to the laboratory, sanitized and removing your pulp, submitted to the oven with air circulation at 50 °C for 72 h, the dried pulps were milled and sieved between 20-40 mesh. The pulp oil extraction was realized in Soxhlet with hexane for 6 hours (yield of 54.7%). Were identified a total of 10 fatty acids, of these 23.8% are saturated fatty acids and 76.2% are unsaturated fatty acids: palmitic acid (10.4%), stearic acid (4.9%), oleic acid (64.2%), linoleic acid (11%) and linolenic acid (1%). The physicochemical properties have a pulp oil acid index of 0.31 mg KOH g-1, saponification of 190.39 mg KOH g-1, iodine index of 85.97 mg g-1. Minerals such as in their available forms K (70.05 mg L-1) Na (30.30 mg L-1), Ca (20.13 mg L-1) and P (20.07 mg L-1) were observed in high concentrations. The Amazon tucumã is an oleaginous that deserves our attention because it is composed of essential fatty acids that are beneficial to the human health.

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