scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SALTS OF ETHYL ETHER 4-MORPHOLINYL ACETIC ACID

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Нина Ивановна Белоцерковец
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Adsorption Layer ◽  
Quaternary Salts ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Tension Isotherms

Для четвертичных солей Х-алкил-Х-(этоксикарбонил)-метилморфолиния (алкил: бензил-, додецил-, гексадецил-) получены изотермы поверхностного натяжения на границе водный раствор-воздух, определены значения критической концентрации мицеллообразования, предельной адсорбции, площади молекулы в насыщенном адсорбционном слое. For the quaternary salts of N-alkyl-N-(ethoxycarbonyl)methylmorpholinium (alkyl: benzyl-, dodecyl-, hexadecyl-), surface tension isotherms were obtained at the water-air interface, values of critical micelle concentration, limiting adsorption, and the area of the molecule in saturated adsorption layer were determined.

Determining Critical Micelle Concentration of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and its Effectiveness in Corrosion Mitigation

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3679 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Moradighadi ◽  
Starr Lewis ◽  
Juan Dominguez Olivo ◽  
David Young ◽  
Bruce Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Indirect Technique ◽  
Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a surfactant corrosion inhibitor is considered to be an important property which may indicate its corrosion mitigation efficiency. One of the common methods to determine a CMC is via surface tension measurements of inhibitor solutions. In this work, the validity of surface tension measurement as an indirect technique for the detection of micelle formation is discussed and tested in conjunction with an alternative method – fluorescence spectroscopy, which was used as a technique that more directly detects micelles in a solution. Results show that surface tension measurements of a quaternary ammonium bromide inhibitor solution, that can determine the concentration at which the water/air interface becomes saturated by the inhibitor molecules, does not always correlate with the formation of micelles. In some cases, the formation of micelles occurred in the same concentration range while in others it happened at much higher concentrations, as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, there was no clear correlation between CMC and maximum inhibition of the corrosion rate.

Effect of substrates and intermediate compounds on foaming in manure digestion systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2146-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boe ◽  
P. G. Kougias ◽  
F. Pacheco ◽  
S. O-Thong ◽  
I. Angelidaki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Foaming Property ◽  
High Concentrations

Manure contains several compounds that can potentially cause foaming during anaerobic digestion. Understanding the effect of substrates and intermediate compounds on foaming tendency and stability could facilitate strategies for foaming prevention and recovery of the process. In this study, the effect of physicochemical properties of substrates and intermediate compounds on liquid properties such as surface tension, surfactant property, and hydrophobicity were investigated and compared with the effect on foaming tendency and foam stability. The results showed that there was no consistent correlation between foaming potential and hydrophobicity, oil displacement area (ODA) or surface tension of the tested solutions, and the best way to determine the foaming property of the solution was to directly measure foaming tendency and foam stability. Na-oleate and acetic acid showed the highest potential to create foam in a manure digester. Moreover, high organic loading of lipids and protein, and high concentrations of acetic and butyric acids also showed a strong tendency to create foaming during anaerobic digestion. Due to their great ability to stabilize foam, high organic loadings of Na-oleate or gelatine were considered to be the main potential foaming problem.

scholarly journals Adsorption Properties of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Surfactants Ternary Mixture at the Water-Air Interface

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4313
Author(s):  
Bronisław Jańczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Szymczyk ◽  
Anna Zdziennicka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Free Energy Of Adsorption ◽  
Interface Tension ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Excess Concentration ◽  
Tail Water ◽  
Triton X

Measurements were made of the surface tension of the aqueous solutions of p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxypoly(ethylene glycols) having 10 oxyethylene groups in the molecule (Triton X-100, TX100) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with Zonyl FSN-100 (FC6EO14, FC1) as well as with Zonyl FSO-100 (FC5EO10, FC2) ternary mixtures. The obtained results were compared to those provided by the Fainerman and Miller equation and to the values of the solution surface tension calculated, based on the contribution of a particular surfactant in the mixture to the reduction of water surface tension. The changes of the aqueous solution ternary surfactants mixture surface tension at the constant concentration of TX100 and CTAB mixture at which the water surface tension was reduced to 60 and 50 mN/m as a function of fluorocarbon surfactant concentration, were considered with regard to the composition of the mixed monolayer at the water-air interface. Next, this composition was applied for the calculation of the concentration of the particular surfactants in the monolayer using the Frumkin equation. On the other hand, the Gibbs surface excess concentration was determined only for the fluorocarbon surfactants. The tendency of the particular surfactants to adsorb at the water-air interface was discussed, based on the Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption which was determined using different methods. This energy was also deduced, based on the surfactant tail surface tension and tail-water interface tension.

Concentration Dependence of the Surface Tension of Three and Four-Component Systems with Peculiarities in the Surface Tension Isotherms of Lateral Binary Melts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
R.Kh. Dadashev ◽  
R.A. Kutuev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Minimum Depth ◽  
Surface Tension Isotherms

The experimental study results of the melts concentration dependence of the surface tension of the four-component indium-tin-lead-bismuth system and its constituent binary systems of indium-tin, indium-lead, indium-bismuth, tin-lead, tin-bismuth, lead-bismuth are presented in the paper. It is shown that the concentration dependence of the melts surface tension of the In-Sn-Pb-Bi four-component system can be predicted from the data on ST (surface tension) values of lateral binary systems. Features in the ST isotherms in the form of a minimum are observed only in the indium-tin lateral system from all lateral binaries. A distinctive feature of the detected minimum is that the minimum depth slightly exceeds the experimental error. Therefore, in addition to the fact that the area of average compositions was studied more thoroughly, we carried out the surface tension measurements by two independent methods. The experimental data obtained by both methods coincide within the experimental error and indicate the extremum availability on ST isotherms. Thus, ST experimental studies by two independent methods confirmed the presence of a flat minimum on ST isotherms of the indium-tin binary system increasing the reliability of the obtained data. The obtained outcomes and their comparison with experimental data have shown that the considered models for predicting surface properties based on data due to similar properties of lateral binary systems adequately reflect the experimental dependences. However, the prediction model based on Kohler's method of excess values describes the experimental curves more accurately.

The Chorionic Plastron and its Role in the Eggs of the Muscinae (Diptera)

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (55) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
H. E. HINTON
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Egg Shell

In flies of the subfamily Muscinae the egg-shell has both an outer and an inner meshwork layer, each of which holds a continuous film of air. Between these two meshwork layers there is a more or less thick middle layer to which the shell chiefly owes its mechanical strength. Holes or aeropyles through the middle layer effect the continuity of the outer and inner films of air. Both meshwork layers consist of struts that arise perpendicularly from the middle layer. In both layers the struts are branched at their apices in a plane normal to their long axes. These horizontal branches form a fine and open hydrofuge network that provides a large water-air interface when the egg is immersed. When it rains or when the egg is otherwise immersed in water, the film of air held in the outer meshwork layer of the shell funtions as a plastron. To be an efficient respiratory structure a plastron must resist wetting by both the hydrostatic pressures and the surface active materials to which it is normally exposed. The plastrons of all the Muscinae tested resist wetting in clean water by pressures far in excess of any they are likely to encounter in nature. The resistance of a plastron to hydrostatic pressures varies directly as the surface tension of the water, and the surface tension of water in contact with the decomposing materials in which the Muscinae lay their eggs is much lowered by surface active materials. These considerations seem to provide an explanation for the great resistance of the plastron of the Muscinae to wetting by excess pressures and for the paradox that the plastrons of these terrestrial eggs are more resistant to high pressures than are the plastrons of some aquatic insects that live in clean water.

scholarly journals Properties of the seawater-air interface. Dynamic surface tension studies1

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dj. Dragcevic ◽  
M. Vukovic ◽  
D. Cukman ◽  
V. Pravdic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Interface Dynamic

Surface Activity Research of Cationic Gemini Surfactants

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2076-2080
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Fan ◽  
Lan Lan Li ◽  
Li Feng Zhang ◽  
Qing Wang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactants

Cationic Gemini surfactant concentration, the inorganic salts added and the pH value of surface tension obtained cationic gemini surfactant critical micelle concentration is 0.4mmol / L;by adding three kinds of inorganic salts NaCl, MgCl2, and Na2SO4 ,which Na2SO4 has the greatest impact on surface tension, followed by MgCl2.The surface minimum tension of the pH ranged from 9 to 11 , indicating that the surface activity of cationic gemini surfactants achieved the highest.

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