Phenols, flame retardants and phthalates in water and wastewater – a global problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushola Sunday Ayanda ◽  
Godwin Oladele Olutona ◽  
Emmanuel G. Olumayede ◽  
Cecilia O. Akintayo ◽  
Bhekumusa J. Ximba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
By Products

Organic pollutants in water and wastewater have been causing serious environmental problems. The arbitrary discharge of wastewater by industries, and handling, use, and disposal constitute a means by which phenols, flame retardants (FRs), phthalates (PAEs) and other toxic organic pollutants enter the ecosystem. Moreover, these organic pollutants are not completely removed during treatment processes and might be degraded into highly toxic derivatives, which has led to their occurrence in the environment. Phenols, FRs and PAEs are thus highly toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, and are capable of disrupting the endocrine system. Therefore, investigation to understand the sources, pathways, behavior, toxicity and exposure to phenols, FRs and PAEs in the environment is necessary. Formation of different by-products makes it difficult to compare the efficacy of the treatment processes, most especially when other organic matters are present. Hence, high levels of phenols, FRs and PAEs removal could be attained with in-line combined treatment processes.

scholarly journals Ferrates (iron(VI) and iron(V)): Environmentally friendly oxidants and disinfectants

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender K. Sharma ◽  
Futaba Kazama ◽  
Hu Jiangyong ◽  
Ajay K. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
By Products ◽  
Multifunctional Properties

Iron(VI) and iron(V), known as ferrates, are powerful oxidants and their reactions with pollutants are typically fast with the formation of non-toxic by-products. Oxidations performed by Fe(VI) and Fe(V) show pH dependence; faster rates are observed at lower pH. Fe(VI) shows excellent disinfectant properties and can inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms at low Fe(VI) doses. Fe(VI) also possesses efficient coagulation properties and enhanced coagulation can also be achieved using Fe(VI) as a preoxidant. The reactivity of Fe(V) with pollutants is approximately 3–5 orders of magnitude faster than that of Fe(VI). Fe(V) can thus be used to oxidize pollutants and inactivate microorganisms that have resistance to Fe(VI). The final product of Fe(VI) and Fe(V) reduction is Fe(III), a non-toxic compound. Moreover, treatments by Fe(VI) do not give any mutagenic/carcinogenic by-products, which make ferrates environmentally friendly ions. This paper reviews the potential role of iron(VI) and iron(V) as oxidants and disinfectants in water and wastewater treatment processes. Examples are given to demonstrate the multifunctional properties of ferrates to purify water and wastewater

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photocatalysis Effect of Stainless Steel Mesh Coated with Nitrides, Oxynitrides and Transition Metals Cr and Ti on the Degradation of Orange II Dye

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouele ◽  
Dinu ◽  
Parau ◽  
Missengue ◽  
Vladescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Stainless Steel Mesh ◽  
Steel Mesh ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water And Wastewater

The increased detection of organic pollutants in drinking water and their resistance to degradation by wastewater treatment processes has motivated the development of more efficient, affordable and sustainable methods of purification of drinking water and wastewater. [...]

scholarly journals Electrochemical Dehalogenation of Organic Pollutants

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Peters ◽  
Caitlyn M. McGuire ◽  
Erick M. Pasciak ◽  
Angela A. Peverly ◽  
Lauren M. Strawsine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Halogenated Organic Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
By Products ◽  
Mediated Reduction

<p>This review summarizes our own research, published since 2004, dealing with electrochemical reduction of halogenated organic compounds that are environmental pollutants. Included are sections surveying the direct and mediated reduction of the following species: (a) chlorofluorocarbons; (b) pesticides, fungicides, and bactericides; (c) flame retardants; and (d) disinfection by-products arising from the chlorination of water. To provide the reader with a perspective of these topics beyond our own work, a total of 238 literature citations, pertaining to studies conducted in numerous laboratories around the world, appears at the end of this review.</p>

Disinfection performance of Fe(VI) in water and wastewater: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
By Products

Ferrate(VI) [FeVIO2−4, Fe(VI)] has excellent disinfectant properties and can inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms at low Fe(VI) dosages. The final product of Fe(VI) is Fe(III), a non-toxic compound. The treatment by Fe(VI) does not give any chlorination by-products, which makes Fe(VI) an environmentally-friendly ion. The results demonstrate that Fe(VI) can inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli) at lower dosages or shorter contact time than hypochlorite. Fe(VI) can also kill many chlorine resistant organisms, such as aerobic spore-formers and sulphite-reducing clostridia, and would be highly effective in treating emerging toxins in the aquatic environment. Fe(VI) can thus be used as an effective alternate disinfectant for the treatment of water and wastewater. Moreover, Fe(VI) is now becoming economically available in commercial quantities and can be used as a treatment chemical to meet the water demand of this century. This paper reviews the potential role of Fe(VI) as disinfectant in water and wastewater treatment processes.

The occurrence of micopollutants in the aquatic environment: a new challenge for water management

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ternes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Lc Tandem Ms

The occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment has become a crucial topic in the last two decades owing to the innovative development of analytical instrumentation such as LC tandem MS. Using these new techniques it became obvious that pesticides, pharmaceuticals, ingredients of personal care products, biocides, flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds are entering rivers and streams via treated wastewater. Also contamination of bank filtrates, groundwater and in a few cases even drinking water was identified. Wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove polar persistent organic pollutants occurring in the sub-mg/L range and hence many of these organic pollutants are passing WWTPs to a high extent. Waterworks with a potential pesticide contamination in their raw water are equipped with advanced techniques such ozonation, activated carbon or nanofiltration enabling the removal of a high variety of other organic compounds. However, waterworks without an expected pesticide contamination are frequently equipped with common treatment processes not enabling the removal of these kinds of organic pollutants. Therefore, comprehensive management activities for protection of aquatic environments and water resources must consider the removal of all micropollutants relevant to water quality and ecology, independent of their usage or origin.

Transformation of organic matters in sewage during A2O and soil aquifer treatment processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. III_41-III_52
Author(s):  
Fumitake NISHIMURA ◽  
Ryosuke SUZUKI ◽  
Yugo TAKABE ◽  
Taira HIDAKA ◽  
Yasunari KUSUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Treatment Processes

LC-MS-(MS) determination of oxidative degradation products of nonylphenol ethoxylates, carboxylates and nonylphenols in water

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petrovic ◽  
P. Gehringer ◽  
H. Eschweiler ◽  
D. Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylates ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
By Products

A commercial blend of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) was chosen as representative for non-ionic polyethoxylated surfactants to study the oxidative degradation of this class of surfactants in water using ozonation as well as electron beam irradiation with and without the addition of ozone as treatment processes. The electron beam irradiation processes applied represent so-called Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs); the combined ozone/electron beam irradiation is, moreover, the most powerful AOP which can be applied in aqueous systems. It was found that both ozonation and the two AOPs applied were able to decompose not only the NPEOs but also the polyethyleneglycoles (PEGs) formed as by-products from NPEO degradation to residual concentrations below the limit of detection. Moreover, the treatment processes were also used to study the oxidative degradation of nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NPEC) and of nonylphenol (NP) which are formed as by-products from biodegradation of NPEOs.

scholarly journals A review on green remediation techniques for hydrocarbons and heavy metals contaminated soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam A. Abdelhafeez ◽  
Sayed A. El-Tohamy ◽  
Mokhtar A. Abd ul-Malik ◽  
Shaban A. A. Abdel-Raheem ◽  
Farida M.S. El-Dar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Green Remediation ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Organic pollutants cause many environmental problems to our environment because of their toxicity, non-degradation and ability to long-range transport. The most common organic pollutants are known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are known as hydrocarbons. Effective techniques for the removal of hydrocarbons and heavy metals from soil have drawn great attention. Remediation techniques represent one of the most important of these techniques because of their gentle impact on the environment. The study highlights numerous methods for Physical and chemical remediation techniques with explanation of the ability of some plants and agricultural wastes for remediation.

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