scholarly journals Electrochemical Dehalogenation of Organic Pollutants

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Peters ◽  
Caitlyn M. McGuire ◽  
Erick M. Pasciak ◽  
Angela A. Peverly ◽  
Lauren M. Strawsine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Halogenated Organic Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
By Products ◽  
Mediated Reduction

<p>This review summarizes our own research, published since 2004, dealing with electrochemical reduction of halogenated organic compounds that are environmental pollutants. Included are sections surveying the direct and mediated reduction of the following species: (a) chlorofluorocarbons; (b) pesticides, fungicides, and bactericides; (c) flame retardants; and (d) disinfection by-products arising from the chlorination of water. To provide the reader with a perspective of these topics beyond our own work, a total of 238 literature citations, pertaining to studies conducted in numerous laboratories around the world, appears at the end of this review.</p>

Microbial Bioreactor Systems for Dehalogenation of Organic Pollutants

2018 ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
Raghunath Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Halogenated Compounds ◽  
Halogenated Organic Compounds ◽  
Degradation Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Groups

Halogenated organic compounds having many beneficial applications, both in industries and agriculture sectors. Basically, the uses are as pesticides, solvents, surfactants, and plastics. However, their large, widespread uses throughout the world have resulted the negative impact on the environment. Considering their treatment process are widely accepted by using the bioreactor systems. The large variety of microorganisms present in the bioreactor and their interaction is the key to the effective treatment and removal of these compounds. Usually the microbes produce the enzymes known as dehalogenase to remove the halogen form the compounds to make it non-toxic. Many of the different steps and about the microbial groups in degradation process of halogenated compounds are well understood, but more details concerning the microbial community are yet to be discovered. This chapter describes about the different dehalogenation systems available in microbes and their ultimate application in different bioreactor systems for the degradation analysis of several harmful halogenated compounds.

Iron Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications: Fundamentals and Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Riaz ◽  
Bustam-Khalil Mohamad Azmi ◽  
Azmi Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Iron Doped

One of the most pervasive problems affecting people throughout the world is inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Problems with water are expected to grow worse in the coming decades, with water scarcity occurring globally. Many recent studies have been reported on the photodegradation of the organic compounds in industrial wastewater in the presence of TiO2 semiconductor as photocatalyst. Heterogeneous photocatalysts using iron as a dopant metal, so far, have been reported for various environmental applications. This paper highlights the recent advances and applications of Fe-TiO2 photocatalysis for the degradation/photodegradation of various pollutants, alkanolamines and other organic pollutants like phenols and dyes.

Bioremediation of Environmental Pollutants

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-104
Author(s):  
Akash ◽  
Vinay Mohan Pathak ◽  
Neelesh Babu ◽  
Navneet
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

This chapter describes how pollutants are increasing in the environment due to the rapid industrialization all over the world. The environment has been contaminated with large number of organic and inorganic pollutants. The organic pollutants are largely anthropogenic and are introduced to the environment in many ways. Soil contamination with toxic metals, such as Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, etc., as a result of worldwide industrialization has increased noticeably within the past few years. Bioremediation is a process for reclaiming the environment which has been polluted with the help of living forms. It is an option that offers the possibility to destroy various contaminants using natural biological activity and to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. It is also applicable for the heavy metal hazards. It has proven to be cheap and efficient than other techniques. This chapter focuses on the possible trends in the remediation of environment pollutants with the help of plants as well as microbes.

scholarly journals Polar Organic Pollutants in Groundwater: Experimental Approaches to Biodegradation During Subsoil Passage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
T.P. Knepper
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Polar Organic Compounds ◽  
Fixed Bed Bioreactor ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
By Products ◽  
Selection Of

A selection of polar organic compounds was investigated for their biodegradation on a laboratory scale fixed-bed bioreactor and the decline of the parent compounds besides the formation of metabolites was monitored. Of particular interest was the investigation into the degradation of pesticides, especially isoproturon (IPU), surfactants and industrial by-products of chemical synthesis. The results from the laboratory degradation experiments are compared to findings in groundwater.

Phenols, flame retardants and phthalates in water and wastewater – a global problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushola Sunday Ayanda ◽  
Godwin Oladele Olutona ◽  
Emmanuel G. Olumayede ◽  
Cecilia O. Akintayo ◽  
Bhekumusa J. Ximba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
By Products

Organic pollutants in water and wastewater have been causing serious environmental problems. The arbitrary discharge of wastewater by industries, and handling, use, and disposal constitute a means by which phenols, flame retardants (FRs), phthalates (PAEs) and other toxic organic pollutants enter the ecosystem. Moreover, these organic pollutants are not completely removed during treatment processes and might be degraded into highly toxic derivatives, which has led to their occurrence in the environment. Phenols, FRs and PAEs are thus highly toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, and are capable of disrupting the endocrine system. Therefore, investigation to understand the sources, pathways, behavior, toxicity and exposure to phenols, FRs and PAEs in the environment is necessary. Formation of different by-products makes it difficult to compare the efficacy of the treatment processes, most especially when other organic matters are present. Hence, high levels of phenols, FRs and PAEs removal could be attained with in-line combined treatment processes.

Structural and Bioactive Studies of Halogenated Constituents from Sponges

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2335-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Dayong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Halogenated Organic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tyrosine Derivatives ◽  
Polyunsaturated Lipids

: Marine organisms are abundant sources of bioactive natural products. Among metabolites produced by sponges and their associated microbial communities, halogenated natural compounds accounted for an important part due to their potent biological activities. The present review updates and compiles a total of 258 halogenated organic compounds isolated in the past three decades, especially brominated derivatives derived from 31 genera of marine sponges. These compounds can be classified as the following classes: brominated polyunsaturated lipids, nitrogen compounds, brominated tyrosine derivatives and other halogenated compounds. These substances were listed together with their source organisms, structures and bioactivities. For this purpose, 84 references were consulted.

scholarly journals Multi-Oxygenated Organic Compounds in Fine Particulate Matter Collected in the Western Mediterranean Area

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Esther Borrás ◽  
Luis Antonio Tortajada-Genaro ◽  
Francisco Sanz ◽  
Amalia Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid

The chemical characterization of aerosols, especially fine organic fraction, is a relevant atmospheric challenge because their composition highly depends on localization. Herein, we studied the concentration of multi-oxygenated organic compounds in the western Mediterranean area, focusing on sources and the effect of air patterns. The organic aerosol fraction ranged 3–22% of the total organic mass in particulate matter (PM)2.5. Seventy multi-oxygenated organic pollutants were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, including n-alkanones, n-alcohols, anhydrosugars, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and keto-derivatives. The highest concentrations were found for carboxylic acids, such as linoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid and, palmitic acid. Biomarkers for vegetation sources, such as levoglucosan and some fatty acids were detected at most locations. In addition, carboxylic acids from anthropogenic sources—mainly traffic and cooking—have been identified. The results indicate that the organic PM fraction in this region is formed mainly from biogenic pollutants, emitted directly by vegetation, and from the degradation products of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic pollutants. Moreover, the chemical profile suggested that this area is interesting for aerosol studies because several processes such as local costal breezes, industrial emissions, and desert intrusions affect fine PM composition.

scholarly journals Highlighting the compound risk of COVID-19 and environmental pollutants using geospatial technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Singh ◽  
Martin Drews ◽  
Manuel De la Sen ◽  
Prashant Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Bambang H. Trisasongko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe new COVID-19 coronavirus disease has emerged as a global threat and not just to human health but also the global economy. Due to the pandemic, most countries affected have therefore imposed periods of full or partial lockdowns to restrict community transmission. This has had the welcome but unexpected side effect that existing levels of atmospheric pollutants, particularly in cities, have temporarily declined. As found by several authors, air quality can inherently exacerbate the risks linked to respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. In this study, we explore patterns of air pollution for ten of the most affected countries in the world, in the context of the 2020 development of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that the concentrations of some of the principal atmospheric pollutants were temporarily reduced during the extensive lockdowns in the spring. Secondly, we show that the seasonality of the atmospheric pollutants is not significantly affected by these temporary changes, indicating that observed variations in COVID-19 conditions are likely to be linked to air quality. On this background, we confirm that air pollution may be a good predictor for the local and national severity of COVID-19 infections.

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