scholarly journals Effect of permanent magnetic field on scale inhibition property of circulating water

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1981-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Xiayan Yao ◽  
Haitao Yu ◽  
Xingang Hou ◽  
Zongshu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Relative Variation ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Property

Effect of a permanent magnet field on the scale inhibition property of circulating water was investigated. Orthogonal experiments of L16(45) were performed and analyzed using the range analysis method. The operating parameters included magnetic field intensity, initial concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+, magnetic treatment time, temperature, and flow velocity. Scale inhibition rate, hardness, relative variation in the proportion of free water molecules, electrical conductivity, and relative variation of molecular energy were chosen as the objectives. In addition, the morphology and the composition of CaCO3 and MgCO3 scale were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The optimal conditions were initial concentration of 900 mg/L, magnetic field intensity of 0.5 T, temperature of 303 K, time of 54 h and flow velocity of 0.17 m/s. The nuclear magnetic resonance results demonstrated that the number of hydrogen bonds increased between water molecules and hydrated ions. The magnetic field can promote the increase in the number of hydrogen bonds, which can inhibit the formation of calcium and magnesium carbonate precipitation. Moreover, the ratio of calcite, aragonite and vaterite will be changed at different magnetic field intensities, and the aragonite ratio will reach the peak at the optimum conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperatures on the Synergistic Effect between a Magnetic Field and Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Carbon Nanotube Composite for Pb2+ and Phenol Adsorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-li Jiang ◽  
Hai-Tao Yu ◽  
Lie-fei Pei ◽  
Xin-gang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Relative Variation ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Scale Inhibition

The effect of temperature on scale inhibition and adsorption properties for Pb2+ and phenol was studied under the synergistic effect of the magnetic field and the adsorbent. The sulfhydryl and amino-modified graphene oxide/oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NH2-SH-GO/o-MWCNTs) were synthesized and applied as the adsorbent. Additionally, changes in pH, conductivity, molecular activation energy, the relative variation of intramolecular energy and the relative variation in the proportion of free water, and adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were studied under different temperatures of circulating water. The relative variation of the proportion of free water increased with the increasing temperatures. The above results indicated that higher temperature would be detrimental to scale inhibition. The higher the temperatures, the lower the intramolecular energies. And the more stable molecules are formed in the circulating water. Thus, the results reduced the tendency to scale formation. The increased temperatures promoted the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Pb2+ and phenol. The adsorption process for Pb2+ and phenol conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model under the synergistic effect of magnetic field and NH2-SH-GO/MWCNTs. After five cycles, the adsorption capacities of the adsorbent for Pb2+ and phenol separately decreased by 59.86% and 76.36%. The aforementioned results reveal that temperatures can promote the adsorption process for Pb2+ and phenol, and the synergistic effect between magnetic field and the adsorbent has a potential application for water treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Magnetic Field on Evaporation Rate and Surface Tension of Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Chibowski ◽  
Aleksandra Szcześ ◽  
Lucyna Hołysz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Surface Tension Data ◽  
Ring Magnet ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Using neodymium ring magnets (0.5–0.65 T), the experiments on the magnetic field (MF) effects on water evaporation rate and surface tension were performed at room temperature (22–24 °C). In accordance with the literature data, the enhanced evaporation rates were observed in the experiments conducted in a period of several days or weeks. However, the evaporated amounts of water (up to 440 mg over 150 min) in particular experiments differed. The evaporated amounts depended partially on which pole of the ring magnet was directed up. The relatively strong MF (0.65 T) caused a slight decrease in surface tension (−2.11 mN/m) which lasted longer than 60 min and the memory effect vanished slowly. The surface tension data reduced by the MF action are reported in the literature, although contrary results can be also found. The observed effects can be explained based on literature data of molecular simulations and the suggestion that MF affects the hydrogen bonds of intra- and inter-clusters of water molecules, possibly even causing breakage some of them. The Lorentz force influence is also considered. These mechanisms are discussed in the paper.

The Research of Permanent Magnetic Field Treatment on the Iron & Steel Industry Circulating Water Impacts of Stability Index

2012 ◽  
Vol 236-237 ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Dong Kui Li ◽  
Li Li Jiang ◽  
Hai Bin Zuo ◽  
Zan Lin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Water System ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Circulating Water System ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Iron & steel industrial circulating water system there is a scaling and corrosion problems, the system fouling or corrosion may be judged by monitoring the water quality Stability index. In this paper, we use the magnetic treatment equipment developed by us in the laboratory to simulate the physical treatment process of magnetic field on the industrial circulating water system, and the experimental data is analysis by two-way ANOVA. We have found that: when the circulating water is tap water: (1) if water velocity is 0.6m/s, the magnetic field intensity, magnetic treatment time has a significant influence on the PSI, PSI decline with the magnetic field processing time to increase , and the PSI as well as the time have a good linear relationship; (2) if water velocity is 1.2m/s, the magnetic field strength has a significant influence on the PSI; (3) if water velocity is 2.3m/s, the magnetic field intensity and time has a significant effect for the PSI; when the magnetic field strength is 3.4T, and reaction time is 5 h, PSI is close to 6, water quality is stable; (4) speed and the magnetic field there is an interaction for PSI, that the magnetic field strength and speed of circulating water changes in the PSI also. When the circulating water is CaCl2 and Na2CO3 aqueous solution configuration: as water velocity is 1.2m/s and well as 2.3m/s, the magnetic field strength and time has a significant effect on the PSI .The results show that: iron & steel industrial circulating water system be deal with by proper the magnetic field treatment can control the PSI. The appropriate range PSI of the circulating water can reduce the fouling and corrosion damage, it is significant to develop circulating water system quality control model.

Study on Synergistic Scale Inhibition Performance of the Rare-Earth Permanent Magnetic Material and Polyaspartic Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 707-711
Author(s):  
Zhen Fa Liu ◽  
Han Shuo Liu ◽  
Li Hui Zhang ◽  
Mei Fang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Performance

The synergistic scale inhibition effect of rare-earth permanent magnetic material and polyaspartic acid is studied. The performance of synergistic scale inhibition is studied in different magnetic field intensity, water hardness and rate of concentration. Static and dynamic scale inhibition tests show that the two water treatment ways have good synergistic scale inhibition effect. The scale inhibition performance of polyaspartic acid can be increased greatly by the magnetization of water.

Variation of Surface Tension of Water in High Magnetic Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 2279-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Chuan Jun Li ◽  
Zhong Ming Ren
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
High Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The surface tension of water in high magnetic fields up to 10T was investigated with aid of the high-magnetic-field tensiometer (HMFT). It was found that the surface tension of water linearly varied with the magnetic field intensity and increased by 0.48mN/m or 0.65% in 10T. The increase of the surface tension of water could be attributed to the increase in the number and stabilization of the hydrogen bonds in the magnetic field.

Utilization of electrical charges in the pores of tofu waste for hydrogen production in water

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
I. N. G. Wardana ◽  
N. Willy Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sensor ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Partial Charge ◽  
Delocalized Electron ◽  
Water Hydrogen

Tofu is main food in Indonesia and its waste generally pollutes the waters. This study aims to change the waste into energy by utilizing the electric charge in the pores of tofu waste to produce hydrogen in water. The tofu pore is negatively charged and the surface surrounding the pore has a positive charge. The positive and negative electric charges stretch water molecules that have a partial charge. With the addition of a 12V electrical energy during electrolysis, water breaks down into hydrogen. The test was conducted on pre-treated tofu waste suspension using oxalic acid. The hydrogen concentration was measured by a MQ-8 hydrogen sensor. The result shows that the addition of turmeric together with sodium bicarbonate to tofu waste in water, hydrogen production increased more than four times. This is due to the fact that magnetic field generated by delocalized electron in aromatic ring in turmeric energizes all electrons in the pores of tofu waste, in the sodium bicarbonate, and in water that boosts hydrogen production. At the same time the stronger partial charge in natrium bicarbonate shields the hydrogen proton from strong attraction of tofu pores. These two combined effect are very powerful for larger hydrogen production in water by tofu waste.

The effect of partial methylation of the glycine amino group on crystal structure inN,N-dimethylglycine and its hemihydrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. o283-o287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily S. Minkov ◽  
Elena V. Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Partial Methylation ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Anhydrous Compound ◽  
Additional Hydrogen

N,N-Dimethylglycine, C4H9NO2, and its hemihydrate, C4H9NO2·0.5H2O, are discussed in order to follow the effect of the methylation of the glycine amino group (and thus its ability to form several hydrogen bonds) on crystal structure, in particular on the possibility of the formation of hydrogen-bonded `head-to-tail' chains, which are typical for the crystal structures of amino acids and essential for considering amino acid crystals as mimics of peptide chains. Both compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups (PbcaandC2/c, respectively) and have twoN,N-dimethylglycine zwitterions in the asymmetric unit. In the anhydrous compound, there are no head-to-tail chains but the zwitterions formR44(20) ring motifs, which are not bonded to each other by any hydrogen bonds. In contrast, in the crystal structure ofN,N-dimethylglycinium hemihydrate, the zwitterions are linked to each other by N—H...O hydrogen bonds into infiniteC22(10) head-to-tail chains, while the water molecules outside the chains provide additional hydrogen bonds to the carboxylate groups.

scholarly journals Cyclooctanaminium hydrogen succinate monohydrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. o1204-o1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Khorasani ◽  
Manuel A. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Water Molecule ◽  
Ammonium Cation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydrated Salt ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

In the title hydrated salt, C8H18N+·C4H5O4−·H2O, the cyclooctyl ring of the cation is disordered over two positions in a 0.833 (3):0.167 (3) ratio. The structure contains various O—H.·O and N—H...O interactions, forming a hydrogen-bonded layer of molecules perpendicular to thecaxis. In each layer, the ammonium cation hydrogen bonds to two hydrogen succinate anions and one water molecule. Each hydrogen succinate anion hydrogen bonds to neighbouring anions, forming a chain of molecules along thebaxis. In addition, each hydrogen succinate anion hydrogen bonds to two water molecules and the ammonium cation.

scholarly journals Piperazinium hydrogenarsenate monohydrate

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. m905-m907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel S. Wilkinson ◽  
William T. A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Water Molecule ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Compound C

In the title compound, C4H12N2 2+·HAsO4 2−·H2O, the component species interact by way of N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, the latter leading to infinite sheets of HAsO4 2− anions and water molecules containing R 6 6(18) loops. The asymmetric unit contains one anion, one water molecule and half each of two centrosymmetric cations.

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