scholarly journals Conditioning of raw sludge and thermally hydrolyzed sludge by ferric salt and cationic polyacrylamide: rheological analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Duan ◽  
Zhen Zhou ◽  
Xiaohu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Ferric Salt ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Sludge Cake

Abstract In this study, the conditioning effect of cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM) with different charge densities on raw sludge(RS) and thermo-hydrolyzed sludge(HS) pretreated with or without ferric salt is studied through orthogonal experiments. In addition, this paper uses the principles of rheology and morphology to analyze and clarify the conditioning mechanism of RS and HS, and reveals the mechanism of thermal hydrolysis to improve the dewatering performance of sludge.Compared with the RS, the HS has smaller particle size, better filterability, stronger fluidity and more obvious thixotropy. However, due to the influence of filter pressing time, ferric salt should be added before conditioning. Orthogonal experiment shows that the optimal conditioner is CPAM with charge density of 60, and the specific resistance to filtration(SRF) and capillary sunction time(CST) of the adjusted thermo-hydrolyzed sludge are reduced to (1.11 ± 0.07) × 1012 m/kg and 16.1 ± 1.8 s, the particle size increased from 61.2 to 253.5 μm.The moisture content of the sludge cake is about 48%. The structural strength and thixotropy of HS are higher than those of the RS, and can be greatly improved by adding ferric salt. Morphological analysis confirms that thermal hydrolysis can lyse microbial cells in sludge, and the sludge treated with ferric salt will have more porous structure and stronger flocculation strength.

The Optimization of the Conditions of Thermal and Pressing Dewatering and the Effect of Conditions on the Burning Characteristic of Lignite

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 1450-1455
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou Wan ◽  
Jun Rong Gao ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Xiu Xiang Tao ◽  
Jiong Tian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Characteristic Temperatures ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Particle Size Ratio

The paper was to optimize the conditions of thermal and pressing dewatering of lignite based on four factors three levels of Orthogonal experiment and to study the effect of conditions on lignite burning characteristic. The results show that the importance to the dehydration rate of lignite is in turns, temperature, pressing time, pressure, particle size; and the optimizing condition is temperature 220°C, pressure 6MPa, pressing time 40min, and the particle size ratio 3 to 7. Thermo gravimetric analysis had been carried out to study the burning characteristic of the dewatered lignite. The results show that the burning characteristic temperatures: Preliminary release of volatile temperature, ignition point, point of maximum weightlessness rate, burnout temperature, are found to be an obvious rise, but the burnout temperature; and the four burning characteristic temperatures will be elevatory with the temperature elevated, pressing time extended and pressure increased.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI LIMBAH FINIR KAYU LAPIS BERDASARKAN UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN WAKTU PENGEMPAAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT LIMBAH PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonsus Rodriquez ◽  
Ahmad Yani ◽  
Fathul Yusro
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Absorption Thickness ◽  
Water Contents

This study aims to analyze the quality of composite boards from plywood veneers waste and polypropylene plastic waste adhesives base on particle sizes, pressing times, and both of interaction towards physical and mechanical properties also to obtain the particle sizes and pressing time properly with the result that produce the qualified standard boards of JIS A 5908-2003. This research carried out at the wood workshop, laboratory of technology and processing of woods (the faculty of forestry, university of Tanjungpura), and the laboratory of PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara. The materials used in this study were plywood veneers waste and polypropylene plastic by 50% : 50% comparison. The research method was utilized the completely randomized factorial design by two treatment factors. Factor A was particle sizes that consisting of 6 mesh, 8 mesh, and 10 mesh. Factor B was pressing time that consisting of 10 minutes, 15 minute, and 20 minutes. Composite boards were created by 30 x 30 x 1 size in centimetres by means the density target was 0,7 gr/cm3. The pressing was done by hot press in 180oC temperature and composite boards conditioning for 14 days. The results of this study showed that the density, water absorption, thickness, Modulus of Repture (MOR), internal bonding, holding strength of screws in the composite boards have been qualified the standard of JIS A 5908-2003. While, the water contents and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) testing were not qualified the standard of JIS 5908-2003. The treatment that produce the optimum composite boards which quality JIS A 5908-2003 standard was on the 8 mesh particle size treatment by means of 15 minutes pressing time.Keywords: Composite Board, Particle Size, Polypropylene Plastics, Pressing Time, Veneers Waste.

Morphology and Rheological Analysis of Nanoclay in Polymer Modified Bitumen

2012 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhe Zhang ◽  
Martin Van de Ven ◽  
Shao Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Polymer Particles ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Fixed Proportion ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen

This paper investigated the influence of nanoclay on the properties of polymer modified bitumen(PMB). The nanoclay-polymer modified bitumen has been produced by mixing a standard 70/100 pen bitumen with polymer at a fixed proportion and then mixed with different amount of nanoclay. The rheological behaviour of the samples have been determined using dynamic shear rheometer. The morphology of the samples as well as the distribution of polymer and nanoclay throughout the bitumen have been characterized with a fluorescence microscopy. The result indicate that the rheological properties of nanoclay-polymer modified bitumens dependent on the percentage nanoclay. The morphology result shows that dispersed polymer particles existed in continuous bitumen phase and the addition of nanoclay does not seem to change the particle size of the polymer.

A Study on Orthogonal Experiments of YAG: Ce3+ Yellow Phosphor for White LED

2011 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Feng Guan ◽  
Qin Qin Li ◽  
Shuai Mou Li
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Prepared Phosphor ◽  
Luminescent Materials ◽  
White Led ◽  
Yellow Phosphor ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Co Precipitation

The YAG yellow phosphor was synthesized by Co-precipitation Method and its luminescent properties were characterized. The Orthogonal Experiment results that under laboratory conditions, the prepared phosphor luminous intensity reached at the maximum and the optical properties of compound as white up to the best with blue-chip, when calcinations temperature up to 1600°C, sintering time is 3h, the Ce3+content is 0.05.Therefore, the phosphor could provide a theoretical basis for the design and development of white LED with luminescent materials, promoting the practical of white LED.

Orthogonal Experiment Study on the Hydrogen Desorption Properties of NaAlH4 and LiAlH4

1994 ◽  
Vol 115-116 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van Ek ◽  
A. Lodder
Keyword(s):  
Milling Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Hydrogen Desorption ◽  
Experiment Design ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment Design ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments

Orthogonal experiment design and variance analysis were adopted to investigate the hydrogen desorption properties of NaAlH4and LiAlH4, which consisted of three stages, ball-milled under argon. Optimum milling condition was very important for the performance of NaAlH4and LiAlH4, which was obtained from the orthogonal experiments. The orthogonal experiment design considered three experimental factors, i.e. weight ratio of ball to power, weight ratio of ɸ8 ball to ɸ4 ball and milling time, which varied on three different levels, respectively. According to the range analysis and variance analysis from the orthogonal experiments, the weight ratio of ball to powder and ɸ8 ball to ɸ4 ball had more impacts on the hydrogen desorption time of NaAlH4,while the most sensitive influencing factor of LiAlH4was milling time. NaAlH4had the optimum performance when the weight ratio of ball to power was 30:1, the weight ratio of ɸ8 ball to ɸ4 ball was 0.5:1 and milling time was 0.5h. LiAlH4had the optimum performance when the weight ratio of ball to power was 40:1, the weight ratio of ɸ8 ball to ɸ4 ball was 0.5:1 and milling time was 2h.

Experimental Study of Self-Suction Spraying with Pressure Gas and Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2508-2512
Author(s):  
Zhong Fei Ma ◽  
Guang Rong Lin ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Hong Ling Xie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Optimal Configuration ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Working Principle

In order to find out the factors influencing self-suction spraying with pressure gas and water performance, the working principle of the spray was analyzed, orthogonal experiments were conducted, in which influenced of different air flow, bronchia-nozzle distance, nozzle diameter as well as the diffusion angle on the effective rang and spray particle size were tested, the optimal matching of parameters was obtained. The results showed that, the optimal configuration parameters could be obtained by orthogonal test of self-suction spraying with pressure gas and water, to provide data support for the design of efficient spraying device.

Concentration of TiOSO4 on Rutile White via Short Sulfate Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Xue Tian
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Sulfate Process ◽  
Favorable Structure

Short sulfate process was developed to produce rutile TiO2 white pigment by using low concentration industrial TiOSO4 solution as raw material via self-generated seeded thermal hydrolysis route. The concentration of TiOSO4 solution had significantly influenced the structure and pigment properties of rutile TiO2 white pigment. The samples were characterized by XRD, particle size distribution and pigment properties test. Appropriate concentration of TiOSO4 was beneficial to promoting hydrolysis process in a proper way and obtaining favorable structure and high quality white pigment. The optimized concentration of TiOSO4 solution was of 191.20 g/L.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Cationic Polyacrylamide

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Sun ◽  
Guangcheng Zhang ◽  
Ling Pan ◽  
Helin Li ◽  
Aihua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Self ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide

A water soluble branched cationic polyacrylamide (BCPAM) was synthesized using solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated using potassium diperiodatocuprate, K5[Cu(HIO6)2](Cu(III)), initiating the self-condensing vinyl copolymerization of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) monomer. The resulting copolymer was characterized by the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with standard jar tests of sewage. The effects of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and the mass ratio of monomers on intrinsic viscosity and flocculation properties of the product were determined using single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment.

Investigation of the Milling Performance about Titanium Alloy Based on Orthogonal Experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 2867-2871
Author(s):  
Ke Yan Tang ◽  
Li Hua Zhou ◽  
Li Song
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Milling Force ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
Milling Performance ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Ta15 Titanium Alloy ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

The milling process has been widely used for manufacturing aeronautical materials. It is very important to choose the reasonable milling parameters for improving the machining accuracy and surface quality. In this paper, the orthogonal experiments are made to construct the relationships between the milling force and milling parameters to TA15 titanium alloy. And the milling parameters mainly include milling speed, milling depth, milling width and feed engagement. And the empirical equations of milling force are gotten by regression analysis, and the equations are tested to be correct by the single factor experiment. The result is quite important for further research on the milling performance and can serve as a reference to production of titanium alloys.

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