scholarly journals Moralizing Commerce on the Frontier

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Robert W. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Government Officials

Beginning in the late nineteenth century a promising ranching sector developed on the Mato Grosso frontier with Paraguay. The most lucrative markets for cattle products were in neighboring Paraguay, Uruguay, and in the southeast of Brazil. For the most part markets were distant from the region of production, while fiscal revenues were always limited, hence the state attempted to impose its regulations and taxes as it could. Residents found their incomes were constrained at the best of times, and any “outside” impositions were simply obstacles to the prosperity of their communities and businesses. The result was that like similar regions across the globe cattle and cattle product smuggling became normal. The profits were significant enough that even local government officials were involved. The result was a long-running “battle” between the state and local producers to tap the potential promised by ranching that simultaneously promoted and inhibited the development of the region. This article explores these contradictory aspects of ranching settlement along the Brazil-Paraguay border.

‘Business Imperialism’ and Argentina, 1875–1900: A Theoretical Note

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
South American ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
British State

The facts are by now sufficiently clear for it to be common ground in any discussion of late nineteenth-century imperialism that the British State was disinclined to interfere on behalf of British capitalists with Latin American interests when these were threatened by local firms or States. Equally it is clear that British capitalists did not invest in Argentina in the belief that, by so doing, they were actively assisting the foreign policy of the British State. The State provided no grounds for this belief and no inducement to invest, and had it done so it is unlikely that the capitalists concerned – a pretty liberal bunch by and large – would have responded to any greater extent than they felt was consistent with their economic advantage. Again, there were not, in Britain, territorially ambitious militarists and aristocrats with their sights set on the South American republics. This element was quite adequately catered for in the Empire. In short, the models of imperialism favoured by Hobson, Schumpeter, and other conspiracy theorists, however appropriate they may be in particular cases, cannot be generalized and have very little relevance to Argentina.

The Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Economy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter falls into two unequal parts. The first charts, broadly chronologically, the shifting understandings, historical and historiographical, of the role of the state in economic life. The second focuses on debates about the performance of the economy, especially notions of ‘decline’ which have been central to those debates since the late nineteenth century. Variegated but overlapping senses of ‘decline’, originating in very specific historical circumstances, have overshadowed much writing on the modern British economy, with, it will be argued, often detrimental effects on our understanding. Such notions need to be historicized—placed firmly in the intellectual, ideological, and above all political contexts within which they arose.

The Changing Landscape of the Past: New Histories in Thailand Since 1973

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongchai Winichakul
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Historical studies in Thailand have been closely related to the formation of the nation since the late nineteenth century, and until recently the pattern of the past in this elitist craft changed but little. It presented a royal/national chronicle, a historiography modern in character but based upon traditional perceptions of the past and traditional materials. It was a collection of stories by and for the national elite celebrating their successful mission of building and protecting the country despite great difficulties, and promising a prosperous future. The plot and meaning of this melodramatic past have become a paradigm of historical discourse, making history an ideological weapon and a source of legitimation of the state.

scholarly journals Samorząd terytorialny w poglądach Stanisława Podwińskiego

Prawo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
Marek Podkowski
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Executive Boards ◽  
Local Government Officials

Local government in Stanisław Podwiński’s viewsThe article presents the most important scholarly achievements of Stanisław Podwiński and his views on local government. Podwiński was not only a local government theorist but, above all, practitioner. This is evidenced by his work in various government and local government bodies as well as his instructions on how to elect municipal councillors and members of municipal executive boards as well as village, county and city councillors. The instructions were a kind of signposts showing those organising elections how they should proceed. Podwiński’s instructions were written in a manner that would make them useful not only to state and local government officials, professionally involved in the work of local government, but also to local government activists. The personnel of local government bodies included people who were not always familiar with the scope of responsibilities of the work, which was by no means easy. These publications were to help them discharge their official duties by introducing them to the local government system.Die Ansichten von Stanisław Podwiński zur kommunalen SelbstverwaltungIn dem Aufsatz wurden das wichtigste wissenschaftliche Werk von Stanisław Podwiński und seine Ansichten zu der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung gezeigt. Podwiński war nicht nur ein Theo­retiker der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung, aber vor allem ein Praktiker. Davon kann sowohl seine Tätigkeit in den Organen der Regierungs- und der Selbstverwaltung, als auch die von ihm vorbe­reiteten Anweisungen, wie die Gemeinderäte und Mitglieder der Gemeindeverwaltung, der Orts-, Kreis-, und Stadträte zu wählen sind, zeugen. Die Anweisungen waren ein spezifischer Wegweiser, wie die Organe, die die Wahlen durchführen, vorzugehen haben.Die Arbeiten von Podwiński waren derart geschrieben, damit sie nicht nur den Beamten des Staates und der Selbstverwaltung, die beruflich die Arbeit in der Selbstverwaltung ausübten, sondern auch den Selbstverwaltungsaktivisten dienen konnten. In die Organe der Selbstverwaltung kamen Personen, die nicht immer mit dem Bereich dieser Verantwortung und der nicht leichten Arbeit vertraut waren. Die Publikationen sollten ihnen die Ausübung dieser Pflichten erleichtern, indem sie ihnen die Struktur der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung nahe brachten.

Heretics, Infidels, and Iconoclasts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Locke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southern Baptists ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
William Cowper ◽  
Evangelical Churches ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter recreates the freewheeling religious world of the late nineteenth century by exploring the institutional weaknesses, theological wrangling, and lack of numerical strength that plagued evangelical denominations in Texas in the years after Reconstruction. Spiritualists and other heterodox faiths attracted numerous followers, denominations such as the Southern Baptists lacked robust organizational authority, and theological controversies embroiled churches across the state. Rather than building up united denominations, religious leaders such as Benajah Harvey Carroll busied themselves expelling heretics and suppressing spiritual dissent. And while freethinkers such as William Cowper Brann and James Dickson Shaw established themselves as a presence in the state, evangelical churches still struggled to fill pews.

The Shift toward Secular Ideology

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-298
Author(s):  
Jon D. Wisman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Following the rise of the state, religion served to legitimate societies’ institutions, practices, and unequal distributions of income, wealth, and privilege. However, emerging capitalism and its expanding bourgeoisie in Western Europe challenged the Catholic Church’s monopoly on truth and meaning, opening space for secular legitimation. The science of political economy increasingly evolved as a principal body of social thought legitimating inequality. This transfer from religion to political economy begins with the mercantilists and is mostly complete by the end of the nineteenth century. Political economy’s principal inequality-legitimating doctrines include the utility of poverty, the justice of the invisible hand, the Malthusian population doctrine, the wages-fund doctrine, and the trickle-down thesis. Most of these doctrines take on more of a patina of “natural” science in the late nineteenth century when the neoclassical revolution in economics attempted to sever economic science from morality and politics and express itself technically with calculus.

Mapping the ‘Sports Nahda’

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-40
Author(s):  
Murat C. Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter traces the formation of a “sports awakening” in the Middle East during the late nineteenth century until the interwar period. This sports awakening consisted of government and private schools, fashionable sports clubs, a bustling multilingual sports press, and popular football matches and gymnastics exhibitions. The institutional and discursive trajectory of sports was not confined to a specific nation state; rather, it was a regional phenomenon. Educators, sports club administrators, students, club members, editors, columnists, and government officials helped turn sports into a regular fixture of the urban landscape of cities across the Middle East. These developments reveal the profound intellectual and ethnoreligious diversity of the individuals and institutions that shaped the defining contours of sports throughout the Middle East.

Coastal Maine

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Rudel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Local Management ◽  
Focusing Events ◽  
Management Zone ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Fishers for lobsters in coastal Maine cluster in groups or “gangs” around the harbors where they fish and moor their boats. The State of Maine began regulating the capture of lobsters in the late nineteenth century with the passage of laws limiting the capture of both very large and small lobsters, but fishers rarely complied with the laws, so they had little effect. A lobster bust occurred in the 1920s and 1930s when both the size of the catch and the price of lobster declined. After the bust, compliance with the laws increased and, with active support from the fishers, the state established local management of the fishery with limits on the number of fishers and traps within each management zone. Focusing events played a less prominent role in the environmental reforms in this smaller political arena than they did in the larger political arenas in the Great Plains, United Kingdom, and Cuba.

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