scholarly journals Certain mechanisms of establishing economy of sustainable industrial growth in Russia and problems of their implementation

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Poletaeva ◽  
A. M. Smulov
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Impact

The development of Russian economy at the present stage is connected with a number of difficulties hindering its shift from the ineffective raw material export model to the model of sustainable industrial growth. The essential drawback of the raw material export model aimed at extraction and export of mineral resources and import of industrial and consumer goods is a low resistance of economic growth to the impact of different factors, such as the situation on global commodity and finance markets, geo-political and economic circumstances in other countries. In contrast to the raw material export model the foundation of the model of sustainable industrial growth is formed by technologically developed manufacturing industry, the so-called locomotive industries characterized by high labour productivity, which provides a rise in putting out products showing competitiveness both on home and overseas markets. Due to this fact such products will be able to meet a considerable proportion of demand on the part of enterprises and population of the country for industrial goods and consumer goods and at the same time to make up a serious share in the export structure. The article deals with two key groups of mechanisms providing the shift of Russian economy from the ineffective raw material export model to the model of sustainable industrial growth, i.e. finance and non-finance ones. The authors analyzed principle difficulties hindering these mechanisms’ implementation in Russia: inability of non-finance mechanisms to guarantee the rise in quality and competitivenessof home-made goods; disparity of resources’ volume to needs of the national economic system in investment; obvious disproportion in districting funds by types of economic activity; the use of enterprises’ own resources for investment, etc.

scholarly journals The impact of gainsharing in the automotive parts manufacturing industry of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W.D. Zondo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Parts Manufacturing ◽  
The Impact

The majority of South Africans expect greater prosperity that can be accomplished through greater employment, high productivity and wage increases. Increased productivity can finance higher wages without burdening the customer with higher selling prices. Consequently, there should be strong co-operation between management and labour to improve productivity, thereby ensuring the survival of South African companies. To achieve this objective, organisations find themselves turning to their employees for creative suggestions and ideas on better ways of doing things. This sentiment underpins the concept of gainsharing. Gainsharing is a formula-based company-wide programme that offers employees a share in the financial gains of a company as a result of its improved performance. This motivation boosts a company’s productivity and radically reduces the cost of waste, spoilage, rejects and rework. This study examined the impact of a gainsharing programme on the improvement of labour productivity in the automotive parts manufacturing sector. The study investigated the production and related experience of two automotive parts manufacturing companies (referred to as A and B in this study) that have adopted a gainsharing strategy. The two companies operate in the eThekwini District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. It assessed if gainsharing is responsible for company labour productivity improvements. The investigation was achieved by collecting pre- and post-gainsharing quarterly data for spoilage, absenteeism, capital investment and labour productivity. Gainsharing improves labour productivity and reduces spoilage and absenteeism rates. In order to maximise performance, a comprehensive performance policy must be developed, which aligns pay (and other incentives) to performance. The study uncovered the strengths and weaknesses of gainsharing for labour productivity improvement in South Africa.

Strategies to increase the reproductive technological potential of Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N. Z. Atarov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Material Component ◽  
Current Stage

At the current stage of structural reorganization of the Russian economy the choice of strategies to increase the reproductive technological potential of industrial production is becoming increasingly urgent. Especially they are important in the manufacturing industry and mechanical engineering when solving the problems of reducing the raw material component of Russian exports and import substitution in order to ensure the country's economic, defense, food, technical and technological security. In this regard, priority is the strategy of increasing the competitive capacity of the fund-building machinery industry, selecting and implementing innovative and investment policies.

Estimation of Real Incomes of the Russian Economy Amidst Changes in Foreign Trade Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
B. A. Zamaraev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Impact

The article covers the results of the author’s study on improving the methodology for measuring (estimating) the impact of foreign trade on the nature of reproduction processes in the Russian economy. The parameters and nature of domestic economic development are largely determined by its reproductive model based on raw material exports. The shift in external conditions (from very positive to severe negative) was, according to the author, one of the main factors in the transition from the spectacular growth during «boom» years from 1999 to 2008, and stagnation of the «lost decade» from 2010 to 2019.The article reviews methodological provisions of the international statistical standard – 2008 SNA for calculating aggregates of real income for the total economy, profit (or loss) from foreign economic activity with emphasis on the need to take into account changes in terms of foreign trade in recent Russian history, before the coronavirus pandemic of 2020–2021. Various approaches to calculating macro-indicators of foreign trade activity – trading gains and losses and real income for the total economy are analyzed within the concept of a system of national accounting. In this regard, the article analyzes indicators under consideration in the context of terms-of-trade changes and highlights the relationship between GDP volume (at comparable prices) and real income characteristics in the macroeconomic system.To ascertain the evolution of characteristics of the impact of the export-raw commodity orientation of Russian foreign trade on the reproduction in general, the author within the 20-year period under consideration selected several separate periods: 1995–1998 – transformational recession, 1999–2008 – uniquely favorable conditions, 2009–2014 – recovery from the global crisis, 2015–2019 – transition to macroeconomic stability. The impact of foreign trade on the national economy was analyzed. There is a conclusion about the additional analytical capacity of researchers dealing with problems of reproduction amidst globalization using the following national accounts indicators: profit (loss) from foreign trade and real income aggregates - in a rapidly changing external economic environment.

scholarly journals Devising Mineral Resource Supply Pathways to a Low-Carbon Electricity Generation by 2100

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Boubault ◽  
Nadia Maïzi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Life Cycle Inventories ◽  
The Impact

Achieving a “carbon neutral” world by 2100 or earlier in a context of economic growth implies a drastic and profound transformation of the way energy is supplied and consumed in our societies. In this paper, we use life-cycle inventories of electricity-generating technologies and an integrated assessment model (TIMES Integrated Assessment Model) to project the global raw material requirements in two scenarios: a second shared socioeconomic pathway baseline, and a 2 °C scenario by 2100. Material usage reported in the life-cycle inventories is distributed into three phases, namely construction, operation, and decommissioning. Material supply dynamics and the impact of the 2 °C warming limit are quantified for three raw fossil fuels and forty-eight metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources. Depending on the time horizon, graphite, sand, sulfur, borates, aluminum, chromium, nickel, silver, gold, rare earth elements or their substitutes could face a sharp increase in usage as a result of a massive installation of low-carbon technologies. Ignoring nonfuel resource availability and value in deep decarbonation, circular economy, or decoupling scenarios can potentially generate misleading, contradictory, or unachievable climate policies.

scholarly journals Response of Manufacturing Sector to Financial Liberalization in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-592
Author(s):  
Saira Baloch ◽  
Kaneez Fatima ◽  
Jameel Ahmed ◽  
Amna Noor
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Firm Entry ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
External Finance ◽  
New Firm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Firm Entry

It has been believed that financial liberalization can stimulate industrial growth which may be translated into overall growth of the economy by efficient allocation of credit which generates investment opportunities by reducing the cost of investment, deregulations, privatizations and reduced capital controls. This paper aims to examine the impact of financial liberalization on industrial response in manufacturing industry measured as new firm entry. Moreover, moderating effect of external finance dependence on the relationship of financial liberalization and firm entry is estimated. We estimate the model using Generalized methods of moments and found that external finance dependence has a significant negative impact of new firm entry, while financial liberalization has a positive but insignificant impact on firm entry. Nevertheless, a statistically significant positive moderating impact of external finance dependence is documented which implies that the sectors which are more dependent on external finance gain disproportionate benefit from financial liberalization.

Ensuring the financial and economic security of Russia based on the adjustment of its internal economic imbalances

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav M. Bezdenezhnykh ◽  
Nadezhda M. Yartseva
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Economic Imbalances ◽  
A Chain

In recent decades, the Russian economy has been experiencing serious challenges and threats that jeopardise its economic security. Over the years, there has been a noticeable decline in economic growth in the Russian Federation. This study investigates the internal problems of the Russian economy associated with the economic imbalance of its structure. Notably, the key issues of ensuring financial and economic security and the implementation of the economic strategy of the Russian economy concern increasing the efficiency of the use of its economic and social resources. So far it has not been possible to overcome the factor of the raw material orientation of the country's economy; it seems that in recent years this process has slowed down. This is due to some persisting imbalances in the structure of the country's economy. First of all, this can be attributed to the lack of balance in the incomes of the population. Further, as suggested by the study, the state budget is not sufficiently balanced for effective socio-economic development. The next important component of the structural balance of the economy is the condition for the proportionality of prices for vital goods and production costs for these goods. First of all, this implies a chain of interacting prices of socially significant goods and services, such as bread; gasoline; electricity; housing costs; salary; cost of housing and public utilities; residential rent; cost of housing construction (1-2 room apartments of economy class); transport expenses and some others. In conclusion, some recommendations are given for establishing proportions and ratios that contribute to the growth of labour productivity and reduce internal social tensions in society, ensuring economically safe and sustainable development of the Russian economy and society at increasing rates.

A Note on Growth and Structural Change in Pakistan's Manufacturing Industry 1954-1964 (Notes & Comments)

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Eysbnbach
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Growth

Lewis and Soligo studied the growth and structural change in Pakistan's manufacturing using a simple analysis of patterns of manufacturing growth [3]. Then, employing their results to re-examine the generally accepted view of Pakis¬tan's industrial growth, they found that import substitution had not been largely confined to consumer-goods industries [3, p. 108] and concluded that it would be difficult to accept the widely held hypothesis that distortions in industrial growth had resulted from the protectionist policies pursued [3, p. 111]. More specifically, they rejected the hypothesis of Power and Radhu that the greater protection accorded the consumer-goods industries would encourage the growth of domestic consumer-goods production using imported capital goods and raw materials [3, p. 96].

Snacks and Snacking: Impact on Health of the Consumers and Opportunities for its Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1028-1043
Author(s):  
Mehak Arora ◽  
Somya Singhal ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
The World ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
Snack Products ◽  
The Impact

Snacking is the most common social activity throughout the world. People often snack on various types of foods including, fried foods, dried foods, junk foods and beverages of various kinds. The snack manufacturing industry is now becoming a key food industry throughout the world. These snack products could be classified into various types based on the raw material used and the technique used in their manufacturing. Snacking has a dual impact on human health. It helps in controlling hunger and may help reduce excess calorie intake. On the otherhand, it can lead to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, if consumed uncontrolably and prepared with unhealthy ingredients. Thus, understanding the role of snack and development of healthy snack is equally necessary to determine the appropriate status of snack and snacking product in the human diet. The present review aims to classify the various types of snacks into different categories based on the ingredients and techniques used. It also highlights the impact of snacks on human health and research progress made to develop healthy snacks.

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