Atorvastatin Sensitises Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, but not Endothelial Cells, to TNF-&alpha;-induced Cell Death

SummaryTPure cultures of bovine endothelial cells (EC) produce and secrete large amounts of plasminogen activators (PA). Cocultivation of EC with vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) resulted in a significant decrease of PA activities secreted by the EC, whereas the cellular PA activities remained unaffected. Secreted PA activities were absent in the growth medium as long as the SMC to EC ratio was 2:1 or higher. The PA inhibitory activity of the SMC was rapid and cell-to-cell contact was not necessary.The PA inhibitory activity was present in homogenates of SMC as well as in the medium conditioned by them but not in the extracellular matrix elaborated by these cells. Serum free medium conditioned by SMC neutralized both tissue type (t-PA) and urokinase like (u-PA) plasminogen activators. Gel electrophoretic analysis of SMC conditioned medium followed by reverse fibrin autography demonstrated PA inhibitory activities in the molecular weight (Mr) range of 50,000 to 52,000 similar to those present in media conditioned by bovine endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Regular fibrin zymography of SMC conditioned medium incubated with u-PA or t-PA revealed the presence of a component with a calculated approximate Mr of 45,000 to 50,000 which formed SDS resistant complexes with both types of PA.These data demonstrate that vascular SMC produce and secrete (a) inhibitor(s) of PAs which may influence the fibrinolytic potential of EC.

Download Full-text

TGF-β and Endothelial Cells Inhibit VCAM-1 Expression on Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/01.atv.15.7.949 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 949-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Jennifer R. Gamble ◽

Sandy Bradley ◽

Leanne Noack ◽

Mathew A. Vadas

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells

Download Full-text

Endothelial Cells Inhibit NO Generation by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/01.atv.16.10.1263 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1263-1268 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Antonio López Farré ◽

Juan R. Mosquera ◽

Lourdes Sánchez de Miguel ◽

Inmaculada Millás ◽

Trinidad de Frutos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Properties of Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenolic Extracts on Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 800

Author(s):

Anna Maria Posadino ◽

Annalisa Cossu ◽

Roberta Giordo ◽

Amalia Piscopo ◽

Wael M Abdel-Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Cell Death ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

Olive Mill

This work aims to analyze the chemical and biological evaluation of two extracts obtained by olive mill wastewater (OMW), an olive oil processing byproduct. The exploitation of OMW is becoming an important aspect of development of the sustainable olive oil industry. Here we chemically and biologically evaluated one liquid (L) and one solid (S) extract obtained by liquid–liquid extraction followed by acidic hydrolysis (LLAC). Chemical characterization of the two extracts indicated that S has higher phenol content than L. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were the more abundant phenols in both OMW extracts, with hydroxytyrosol significantly higher in S as compared to L. Both extracts failed to induce cell death when challenged with endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in cell viability experiments. On the contrary, the higher extract dosages employed significantly affected cell metabolic activity, as indicated by the MTT tests. Their ability to counteract H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death was assessed to investigate potential antioxidant activities of the extracts. Fluorescence measurements obtained with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe H2DCF-DA indicated strong antioxidant activity of the two OMW extracts in both cell models, as indicated by the inhibition of H2O2-induced ROS generation and the counteraction of the oxidative-induced cell death. Our results indicate LLAC-obtained OMW extracts as a safe and useful source of valuable compounds harboring antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Adiponectin in Vascular Homeostasis

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10061485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1485

Author(s):

Adrian Sowka ◽

Pawel Dobrzyn

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Whole Body ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Studies of adipose tissue biology have demonstrated that adipose tissue should be considered as both passive, energy-storing tissue and an endocrine organ because of the secretion of adipose-specific factors, called adipokines. Adiponectin is a well-described homeostatic adipokine with metabolic properties. It regulates whole-body energy status through the induction of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin also has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, making it an interesting subject of biomedical studies. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat depot that is conterminous to the vascular wall and acts on it in a paracrine manner through adipokine secretion. PVAT-derived adiponectin can act on the vascular wall through endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The present review describes adiponectin’s structure, receptors, and main signaling pathways. We further discuss recent studies of the extent and nature of crosstalk between PVAT-derived adiponectin and endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we argue whether adiponectin and its receptors may be considered putative therapeutic targets.

Download Full-text