Development of the Biomaterials Technology for the Infection Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengzhou Xu ◽  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Zhaofeng Chen ◽  
Yuxin Fan ◽  
Haifeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Disease Spread ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Glass Base ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trials ◽  
Technical Solutions

Infections caused by microbial proliferation are one of the common issues and serious threats to the medical care, and they usually result in disease spread. Therefore, it is a significant issue for developing the antiinfective biomaterials to control this problem, according to the specific clinical application. Meanwhile, all their properties, the best anti-infective performance, the safe biocompatibility and the appropriate tissue interactions must be conformed to each other. At present, technologies are developing novel biomaterials and surfaces endowed with anti-infective properties, relying either on bactericidal or anti-biofilm activities. This review focuses on thoroughly summarizing numerous kinds of antibacterial biomaterials, including the antibacterial matrix biomaterials, antibacterial coatings and films, nanostructured materials and antibacterial fibers. Among these strategies, the utilization of bio-glass base and graphene base antibacterial matrix, and their effects on the antibiosis mechanism were emphatically discussed. Simultaneously, the effects and mechanisms of nano-coated metallic ions are also mentioned. Overall, there is a wealth of technical solutions to contrast the establishment of an implant infection. The lack of well-structured prospective multicenter clinical trials hinders the achievement of conclusive data on the efficacy and comparative performance of antibacterial biomaterials.

scholarly journals Overview of the Advancements in Automatic Emotion Recognition: Comparative Performance of Commercial Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Malygina ◽  
Mikhail Artemyev ◽  
Andrey Belyaev ◽  
Olga Perepelkina
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Automatic Annotation ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Face Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Services ◽  
The Common ◽  
Better Than

In the recent years facial emotion recognition algorithms have evolved and in some cases top commercial algorithms detect emotions like happiness better than humans do. To evaluate the performance of these algorithms, the common practice is to compare them with human-labeled ground truth. This article covers monitoring of the advancements in automatic emotion recognition solutions, and here we suggest an additional criteria for their evaluation, that is the agreement between algorithms’ predictions. In this work, we compare the performance of four commercial algorithms: Affectiva Affdex, Microsoft Cognitive Services Face module Emotion Recognition, Amazon Rekognition Face Analysis, and Neurodata Lab Emotion Recognition on three datasets AFEW, RAVDESS, and SAVEE, that differ in terms of control over conditions of data acquisition. We assume that the consistency among algorithms’ predictions indicates the reliability of the predicted emotion. Overall results show that the algorithms with higher accuracy and f1-scores that were obtained for human-labeled ground truth (Microsoft’s, Neurodata Lab’s, and Amazon’s), showed higher agreement between their predictions. Agreement among algorithms’ predictions is a promising criteria in terms of further exploring the option to replace human data labeling with automatic annotation.

scholarly journals The Dramatic Consequences of an Accidental Ligation of the Celiac Trunk during Surgery Performed on a Child with Neuroblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Patrycja Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz ◽  
Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska ◽  
Przemysław Mańkowski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Celiac Trunk ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Neuroblastoma Tumor ◽  
The Common ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in infants and young children, and accounts for approximately 8–10% of all childhood cancers. The International Neuroblastoma Staging System (The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRGSS)) is based on the age of patient and preoperative imaging, with attention paid to whether the primary tumor is affected by one or more of specific Image-Defined Risk Factors (IDRFs). Patients are classified into the following groups: locoregional L1 and L2 (absent or present IDRFs respectively), M stage (a disseminated form of neuroblastoma) and Ms (the stage present in children younger than 18 months of age with the disease spread to the bone marrow and/or liver, and/or skin). This publication is aimed to present an unexpected complication associated with an accidental ligation of the celiac trunk during resection of a neuroblastoma tumor in a 2.5-year-old boy after initial chemotherapy, initially with vascular IDRFs, stage L2. The consequences of this complication were pancreatic and spleen ischemia and necrosis, and ischemia and perforation of the common bile duct, gallbladder, stomach, and duodenum. Despite detailed diagnostic imaging (computed tomography, magnetic resonance), the presence of vascular IDRFs may result in an unexpected complication in the surgical treatment of neuroblastoma in children.

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Family, Its existence in mammals for centuries and The Future

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailis OCarroll
Keyword(s):  
Disease Spread ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Trial Phase

Coronavirus (CoVs) have existed in mammals for centuries, historically, believed to only cause agriculturally devastating diseases in wild and domestic animals and the common cold type of symptoms in humans. Then in 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged from China resulting in the deaths of over 770 people. 10 years later, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from Saudi Arabia, with MERS-CoV continuing to cause outbreaks and as of Nov 2019 resulting in a total of 2,494 confirmed cases in 27 countries with 858 fatalities. With CoVs now understood to be widespread through mammals tested around the globe, another spill-over event was inevitable if no precautions and importance was put on understanding the risks of this zoonotic disease spread. To date, more than 200 novel coronaviruses have been found in bats and ~35% of bat virome sequenced to date is composed of coronaviruses. Their and other mammals unique immune systems need to be the focus of future research with reports estimating mammal populations to harbour viruses in numbers up to 300 thousand. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is devastating with cases and deaths rising so rapidly that any number written would be out of date by time of publishing. Developing countries, war zones, refugee camps and those with a huge number of already immunocompromised patients such as the 25 million people in Africa living with HIV, will be decimated if the spread is not limited. Vaccines are beginning clinical trial phase and a huge global emphasis on interferon (IFN) research and drug development is underway. This will be necessary to control our unacceptable flu season fatalities and inevitable future pandemics. It is also crucial to understand that the most effective way to prevent viral zoonosis is to maintain the barriers between natural reservoirs and human society, in mind of the ‘one health’ concept. We are all interconnected, each biome, environment, climate, plant, animal, with our health and existence all deeply depend on each other.

Comparative Performance of Contradictory and Non-Contradictory Judgement Matrices in AHP Under Qualitative and Quantitative Metrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Priority Vector ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Elimination Procedure ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The Common ◽  
Decision Elements

Over the years, although AHP has proved its success in various diverse fields, many authors in the literature have also shown its shortcomings, often called as criticisms of AHP. One such criticism is allowing the consideration of contradictory judgement matrices. Such matrices violate the principle of ordinal transitivity and thus there does not exist any ranking of corresponding decision elements which satisfy all the judgements. In this paper, the results of our investigation towards measuring this criticism are further explored and discussed by comparing the quality of priority vector of contradictory judgement matrices and non-contradictory judgement matrices under Rank Reversals and the common frame work of “aggregated deviation”. The results further strengthen the notion of contradictory judgement matrices as a strong criticism of AHP for higher order judgement matrices and necessitate some proper avoidance (if not elimination) procedure for them.

LOW-DOSE SYSTEMIC RADIOTHERAPY AS AN ELEMENT OF GENERAL ANTITUMOR EFFECT IN TREATMENT FOR MALIGNANT TUMORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548
Author(s):  
Viktor Mus ◽  
Aleksey Shutko ◽  
A. Chervyakov ◽  
T. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technical Solutions

The mechanisms of antitumor effect of polychemotherapy and systemic radiation therapy in non-tumorocidal doses are considered in the article, the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are noted as well as the common points connecting them with each other. Equivalence of the therapeutic effect mediated by myelodepression is substantiated. Methods of systemic radiation therapy and technical solutions for their implementation are given. It is concluded that it is well tolerated and effective.

Tissue Interactions in Scale and Feather Development as Studied in Dermal-Epidermal Recombinations

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-789
Author(s):  
Mary E. Rawles
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
White Leghorns ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
The Common ◽  
Feather Development

The foot of developing embryos of scalefooted varieties of the common domestic fowl (Silver Campine, White Leghorn and others) frequently exhibits feather primordia emerging from the scales of various regions. Many of the feather germs are rudimentary and disappear by the time of hatching, but some persist and differentiate into normal feathers. Such feathers are often inconspicuous and easily overlooked (Plate 1, figs. I–M). Scales bearing feathers by no means represent an unusual phenomenon. Indeed, they were clearly identified by many of the earlier workers, particularly those interested in homologizing these two specialized epidermal derivatives (Jefferies, 1883; Davies, 1889; Bornstein, 1911; Blaszyk, 1935). More recently, the frequent association of feathers with the scales of those pedal components (digits) which arise from the wing ectoderm, after implantation of mesoderm from the prospective foot region, has been noted by Saunders, Cairns & Gasseling (1957) working with White Leghorns.

scholarly journals Predicting Autism Spectrum Disorder using Machine Learning Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4139-4143
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Data Mining Technique ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Test Scenarios

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a psychiatric disorder that puts constraints on the ability to use of cognitive, linguistic, communicative, and social skills. Recently, many data mining techniques employed to serve this domain by determining the main features of the condition and the correlation between them. In this article, we investigate the Association Classification (AC) technique as a data mining technique in predicting whether an individual has autism or not. Accordingly, seven well-known algorithms are selected to conduct analysis and evaluation of the performance of the AC technique in term of identifying correlations between the features to help decide early on whether an individual has autism; this is particularly significant for children. The evaluation for the behavior and the performance in the prediction tasks for the AC algorithms was conducted for the common metrics of including Precision, Accuracy F-Measure as well as Recall. Finally, a comparative performance analysis among the algorithms was used as final result for the study. The results show better performance for the WCBA algorithm in most test scenarios with accuracy of 97 % although, the majority of algorithms exhibited excellent accuracy when applied in this domain.

scholarly journals Supporting tools to technical advance in the early stages of design

2019 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Abderrahmen Aridhi ◽  
Jose Jorge Espi ◽  
Juan Pedro Berro ◽  
Mireia Mesas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

The development of methods and tools to support the advancement in scientific and technical solutions has emerged in recent years in order to assist decisions that allow to avoid extra efforts due to the common traditional “trial and error” approach. At the same time, new challenges in terms of environmental protection have also engaged to adopt decisions having into account that climate protection needs to remain as a primer driver in the development of the aviation sector. AIRPOXY will recover all current requirements through an integrated approach where LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), LCC (Life Cycle Cost analysis), HHRA (Human Health Risk Assessment) and numerical simulation of manufacturing processes will work together in order to demonstrate and support the development of thermoformable, repairable and bondable smart epoxy based composites for aero structures. By considering all stated before, the final aim will be double. On one hand, to be informed about technical, environmental, economic and safety requirements during key stages, in order to take informed decisions and optimise it following the Eco-design principles. On the other hand, to obtain objective data to support performance in order to increase the impact of the project and support the further implementation of the technologies as the AIRPOXY solutions reach higher TRLs.

Catalogue reduction techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Astrometric Data

AbstractReduction techniques as applied to astrometric data material tend to split up traditionally into at least two different classes according to the observational technique used, namely transit circle observations and photographic observations. Although it is not realized fully in practice at present, the application of a blockadjustment technique for all kind of catalogue reductions is suggested. The term blockadjustment shall denote in this context the common adjustment of the principal unknowns which are the positions, proper motions and certain reduction parameters modelling the systematic properties of the observational process. Especially for old epoch catalogue data we frequently meet the situation that no independent detailed information on the telescope properties and other instrumental parameters, describing for example the measuring process, is available from special calibration observations or measurements; therefore the adjustment process should be highly self-calibrating, that means: all necessary information has to be extracted from the catalogue data themselves. Successful applications of this concept have been made already in the field of aerial photogrammetry.

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