Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Background: Utilization of macroalgae has gained much attention in the field of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food and bioenergy. Macroalgae has been widely consumed in Asian countries as food from ancient days and proved that it has potential bioactive compounds which are responsible for its nutritional properties. Macroalgae consists of a diverse range of bioactive compounds including proteins, lipids, pigments, polysaccharides, etc. Polysaccharides from macroalgae have been utilized in food industries as gelling agents and drug excipients in the pharmaceutical industries owing to their biocompatibility and gel forming properties. Exploration of macroalgae derived sulfated polysaccharides in biomedical applications is increasing recently. Method: In the current review, we have provided information of three different sulfated polysaccharides such as carrageenan, fucoidan and ulvan and their isolation procedure (enzymatic precipitation, microwave assisted method, and enzymatic hydrolysis method), structural details, and their biomedical applications exclusively for bone tissue repair and regeneration. Results: From the scientific results on sulfated polysaccharides from macroalgae, we conclude that sulfated polysaccharides have exceptional properties in terms of hydrogel-forming ability, scaffold formation, and mimicking the extracellular matrix, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, enhancement of biomineralization ability and stem cell differentiation for bone tissue regeneration. Conclusion: Overall, sulfated polysaccharides from macroalgae may be promising biomaterials in bone tissue repair and regeneration.

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Bifunctional Bio-Surface Decorated Bone-Grafting Titanium Material with Cancellous Bone-Like Biomimetic Structure for Enhanced Bone Tissue Regeneration

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3577287 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bingjun Zhang ◽

Jia Li ◽

Lei He ◽

Hao Huang ◽

Jie Weng

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Bone Grafting ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Titanium Material

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Cryptic Ligand on Collagen Matrix Unveiled by Mmp13 Accelerates Bone Tissue Regeneration Via Mmp13/Integrin Α3/Runx2 Feedback Loop

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3708571 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshie Arai ◽

Bogyu Choi ◽

Byoung Ju Kim ◽

Sunghyun Park ◽

Hyoeun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Feedback Loop ◽

Collagen Matrix ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration

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The Potential of Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides As Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666181213093718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (35) ◽

pp. 6399-6411 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cláudia Nunes ◽

Manuel A. Coimbra

Keyword(s):

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Structural Features ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Health Related ◽

Pathogen Inhibition ◽

Health Applications

Marine environments have a high quantity and diversity of sulfated polysaccharides. In coastal regions brown algae are the most abundant biomass producers and their cell walls have fucosecontaining sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP), known as fucans and/or fucoidans. These sulfated compounds have been widely researched for their biomedical properties, namely the immunomodulatory, haemostasis, pathogen inhibition, anti-inflammatory capacity, and antitumoral. These activities are probably due to their ability to mimic the carbohydrate moieties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, the FCSP are interesting compounds for application in health-related subjects, mainly for developing scaffolds for delivery systems or tissue regeneration. FCSP showed potential for these applications also due to their ability to form stable 3D structures with other polymers able to entrap therapeutic agents or cell and growth factors, besides their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, for the clinical use of these biopolymers well-defined reproducible molecules are required in order to accurately establish relationships between structural features and human health applications.

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Lactoferrin in Bone Tissue Regeneration

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190503121546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 838-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Madalina Icriverzi ◽

Valentina Dinca ◽

Magdalena Moisei ◽

Robert W. Evans ◽

Mihaela Trif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

Biologically Active Compounds ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Bone Homeostasis ◽

Active Compounds

: Among the multiple properties exhibited by lactoferrin (Lf), its involvement in bone regeneration processes is of great interest at the present time. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the ability of Lf to promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells and to inhibit bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. Although the mechanism underlying the action of Lf in bone cells is still not fully elucidated, it has been shown that its mode of action leading to the survival of osteoblasts is complemented by its mitogenic effect. Activation of several signalling pathways and gene expression, in an LRPdependent or independent manner, has been identified. Unlike the effects on osteoblasts, the action on osteoclasts is different, with Lf leading to a total arrest of osteoclastogenesis. : Due to the positive effect of Lf on osteoblasts, the potential use of Lf alone or in combination with different biologically active compounds in bone tissue regeneration and the treatment of bone diseases is of great interest. Since the bioavailability of Lf in vivo is poor, a nanotechnology- based strategy to improve the biological properties of Lf was developed. The investigated formulations include incorporation of Lf into collagen membranes, gelatin hydrogel, liposomes, loading onto nanofibers, porous microspheres, or coating onto silica/titan based implants. Lf has also been coupled with other biologically active compounds such as biomimetic hydroxyapatite, in order to improve the efficacy of biomaterials used in the regulation of bone homeostasis. : This review aims to provide an up-to-date review of research on the involvement of Lf in bone growth and healing and on its use as a potential therapeutic factor in bone tissue regeneration.

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Bifunctional hydrogel for potential vascularized bone tissue regeneration

Materials Science and Engineering C ◽

10.1016/j.msec.2021.112075 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112075

Author(s):

Bipin Gaihre ◽

Xifeng Liu ◽

Linli Li ◽

A. Lee Miller ◽

Emily T. Camilleri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Vascularized Bone

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Nanoscale Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Pastes and Gels for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11061611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1611

Author(s):

Caroline J. Harrison ◽

Paul V. Hatton ◽

Piergiorgio Gentile ◽

Cheryl A. Miller

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Culture Media ◽

Full Range ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Tissue Culture Media ◽

Bone Deposition

Injectable nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA) systems are highly promising biomaterials to address clinical needs in bone tissue regeneration, due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioinspired nature, and ability to be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. Bulk strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) is reported to encourage bone tissue growth by stimulating bone deposition and reducing bone resorption, but there are no detailed reports describing the preparation of a systematic substitution up to 100% at the nanoscale. The aim of this work was therefore to fabricate systematic series (0–100 atomic% Sr) of SrHA pastes and gels using two different rapid-mixing methodological approaches, wet precipitation and sol-gel. The full range of nanoscale SrHA materials were successfully prepared using both methods, with a measured substitution very close to the calculated amounts. As anticipated, the SrHA samples showed increased radiopacity, a beneficial property to aid in vivo or clinical monitoring of the material in situ over time. For indirect methods, the greatest cell viabilities were observed for the 100% substituted SrHA paste and gel, while direct viability results were most likely influenced by material disaggregation in the tissue culture media. It was concluded that nanoscale SrHAs were superior biomaterials for applications in bone surgery, due to increased radiopacity and improved biocompatibility.

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Effect of Morphological Characteristics and Biomineralization of 3D-Printed Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds on Bone Tissue Regeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22136794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 6794

Author(s):

Jae-Woo Kim ◽

Yoon-Soo Han ◽

Hyun-Mee Lee ◽

Jin-Kyung Kim ◽

Young-Jin Kim

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Double Layer ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Great Influence ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Hierarchical Architecture ◽

Uniform Structure ◽

Composite Scaffolds

The use of porous three-dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds has attracted great attention in bone tissue engineering applications because they closely simulate the major features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. This study aimed to prepare biomimetic composite scaffolds via a simple 3D printing of gelatin/hyaluronic acid (HA)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) and subsequent biomineralization for improved bone tissue regeneration. The resulting scaffolds exhibited uniform structure and homogeneous pore distribution. In addition, the microstructures of the composite scaffolds showed an ECM-mimetic structure with a wrinkled internal surface and a porous hierarchical architecture. The results of bioactivity assays proved that the morphological characteristics and biomineralization of the composite scaffolds influenced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In particular, the biomineralized gelatin/HA/HAp composite scaffolds with double-layer staggered orthogonal (GEHA20-ZZS) and double-layer alternative structure (GEHA20-45S) showed higher bioactivity than other scaffolds. According to these results, biomineralization has a great influence on the biological activity of cells. Hence, the biomineralized composite scaffolds can be used as new bone scaffolds in bone regeneration.

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