Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Klinefelter’s Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5556-5563
Author(s):  
Franz Sesti ◽  
Riccardo Pofi ◽  
Carlotta Pozza ◽  
Marianna Minnetti ◽  
Daniele Gianfrilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chromosome Disorder

More than 70 years have passed since the first description of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), the most frequent chromosome disorder causing male infertility and hypogonadism. KS is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality due to several comorbidities, including hypogonadism, as well as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, which are highly prevalent in these patients. Aside from metabolic disturbances, patients with KS suffer from both acquired and congenital CV abnormalities, cerebrovascular thromboembolic disease, subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, which may all contribute to increased CV mortality. The mechanisms involved in this increased risk of CV morbidity and mortality are not entirely understood. More research is needed to better characterise the CV manifestations, elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and define the contribution of testosterone replacement to restoring CV health in KS patients. This review explores the complex association between KS, metabolic syndrome and CV risk in order to plan future studies and improve strategies to reduce mortality in this high-risk population.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Biological Role in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Mohammedziyad Abu Awad
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;">Type2 diabetes is estimated to affect 380 million people worldwide in 2025. Patients of this disease are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).The CVD risk is greater when diabetic patients have metabolic syndrome. Thus, the management of metabolic syndrome and CVD is crucial for diabetic patient’s life progress. GLP-1 has positive biological influences on glucose metabolism control by inhibiting glucagon secretion, enhancing insulin secretion and protecting the effects of cells. GLP-1 was also found to have other positive influences including weight loss, appetite sensation and food intake. These are important factors in metabolic disturbances control and CVD management. The paper reviewed several studies regarding the GLP-1 positive concerns. In conclusion, the paper supports the modern proposal of GLP-1 RAs as a first line therapy in initially diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.</p>

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

Increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome in patients with vitiligo: a real association or a coincidence?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Namazi ◽  
Maliheh Amani ◽  
Hamid Reza Haghighatkhah ◽  
Ehsan Noori ◽  
Fahimeh Abdollahimajd
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Potential of Beetroot and Blackcurrant Compounds to Improve Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Cameron Haswell ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Rachel Page ◽  
Roger Hurst ◽  
Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Concentrations

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities, which together lead to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as reduced quality of life. Dietary nitrate, betalains and anthocyanins may improve risk factors for MetS and reduce the risk of development of CHD and T2DM. Beetroot is a rich source of dietary nitrate, and anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in blackcurrants. This narrative review considers the efficacy of beetroot and blackcurrant compounds as potential agents to improve MetS risk factors, which could lead to decreased risk of CHD and T2DM. Further research is needed to establish the mechanisms through which these outcomes may occur, and chronic supplementation studies in humans may corroborate promising findings from animal models and acute human trials.

scholarly journals Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002032
Author(s):  
Marcela Martinez ◽  
Jimena Santamarina ◽  
Adrian Pavesi ◽  
Carla Musso ◽  
Guillermo E Umpierrez
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Glycated hemoglobin is currently the gold standard for assessment of long-term glycemic control and response to medical treatment in patients with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin, however, does not address fluctuations in blood glucose. Glycemic variability (GV) refers to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Recent clinical data indicate that GV is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, microvascular and macrovascular complications, and mortality in patients with diabetes, independently of glycated hemoglobin level. The use of continuous glucose monitoring devices has markedly improved the assessment of GV in clinical practice and facilitated the assessment of GV as well as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia events in patients with diabetes. We review current concepts on the definition and assessment of GV and its association with cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome and Mind-Body Therapies: A Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel G. Anderson ◽  
Ann Gill Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Increased Risk

The metabolic syndrome, affecting a substantial and increasing percentage of the worldwide population, is comprised of a cluster of symptoms associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Mind-body modalities based on Eastern philosophy, such as yoga, tai chi, qigong, and meditation, have become increasingly popular worldwide. These complementary therapies have many reported benefits for improving symptoms and physiological measures associated with the metabolic syndrome. However, clinical trial data concerning the effectiveness of these practices on the syndrome as a whole have not been evaluated using a systematic and synthesizing approach. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the data from clinical trials examining the efficacy of mind-body therapies as supportive care modalities for management of the metabolic syndrome. Three clinical trials addressing the use of mind-body therapies for management of the metabolic syndrome were identified. Findings from the studies reviewed support the potential clinical effectiveness of mind-body practices in improving indices of the metabolic syndrome.

FABP1 gene variant associated with risk of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Zare-Feyzabadi ◽  
Majid Mozaffari ◽  
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ◽  
Mohsen Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is defined by a clustering of metabolic abnormalities associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There has been an increasing interest in the associations of genetic variants involved in diabetes and obesity in the FABP1 pathway. The relationship between the rs2241883 polymorphism of FABP1 and risk of MetS remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to examine the association between this genetic polymorphism and the presence of MetS and its constituent factors. Methods: A total of 942 participants were recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerosis Disorders (MASHAD study) Cohort. Patients with MetS were identified using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (n=406) and those without MetS (n=536) were also recruited. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and used for genotyping of the FABP1 rs2241883T/C polymorphism using Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR). Genetic analysis was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Results: Using both univariate and multivariate analyses after adjusting for age, sex and physical activity, carriers of C allele (CT/CC genotypes) in FABP1 variant were related to an increased risk of MetS, compared to non-carriers (OR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.04,1.82, p=0.026). Conclusion: The present study shows that C allele in the FABP1 variant can be associated with an increased risk of MetS. The evaluation of these factors in a larger population may help further confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Intracellular metabolism of neutrophils and risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with metabolic syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Evgen'evich Kratnov ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Lopatnikova ◽  
Alexander Andreevich Kratnov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Intracellular Metabolism

77 male patients (mean age 47?7.4 years) without ischaemic heart disease were tested for metabolic syndrome factors, risk for developmentof type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to FINDRISK questionnaire, following with assessment of intracellularmetabolism parameters of neutrophils. Increased risk for T2DM positively correlated in these patients with myeloperoxidase activity,level of hydrogen peroxide within neutrophils and BMI. We observed elevation of oxygen-dependent metabolism in neutrophils formpatients with morbid obesity, accompanied with decrease in antioxidant factors, which is suggestive of oxidative stress.

Abstract 1319: Plasma Levels of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins 4 and 5 are Markers of Adiposity and the Metabolic Syndrome but are not Independent Predictors of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Bagheri ◽  
Michael Lehrke ◽  
Shiv Kapoor ◽  
Megan Wolfe ◽  
Karen Terembula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Objectives: Adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (aP2) or FABP4 is expressed predominantly in adipose and macrophages. Its less abundant family member, FABP5 (Mal1), is more diffusely expressed but also found in adipocytes and macrophages. Gene deletion studies in rodents suggest that FABP4, to a greater extent than FABP5, modulates obesity and atherosclerosis. Preliminary clinical studies support a relationship of circulating FABP4 with obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). However, there are no studies of circulating FABPs and atherosclerosis in humans. Methods: We evaluated the association of FABP4 and 5 (ELISA, Biovender) with cardiovascular risk factors, NCEP-defined MetSyn and Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) in 846 asymptomatic, type 2 DM subjects (62.5% Caucasian, 32.5% African-American; 60% male; aged 58.6±9.2) recruited to the Penn Diabetes Heart Study. Findings : Levels [(median (IQ range)] of FABP4 [37.1 (23.0–55.2) vs 20.9 (14.0–31.0) ng/mL; p<0.001] and FABP5 [1.5 (1.2–1.9) vs 1.4 (1.1–1.8) ng/mL; p<0.01] were higher in women than men. FABP4 was significantly correlated with waist circumference (r=0.4, p<0.001), levels of leptin (r=0.5, p<0.001), insulin (r=0.21, p<0.001), hsCRP (r=0.23, p<0.001), triglycerides (r=0.25, p<0.001) and inversely with HDL cholesterol (women r=−0.23, p<0.001; men r=−0.11, p<0.05). Plasma FABP5 had similar, but weaker biomarker correlations. Both were strongly associated with MetSyn (FABP4 χ 2 =29.8, p<0.0001; FABP5 χ 2 =36.2, p<0.0001). Notably, FABP4 [22.7 (15.0–35.9) vs 34.4 (22.9–55.0), p<0.001], but not FABP5 (p<0.89), levels were lower in subjects on thiazolidinedione therapy. In tobit regression, FABP4, but not FABP5, levels above the median were associated with CAC scores after adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity [1.68 (1.05–2.66), Ratio (CI), p<0.03] but this was attenuated after further adjusting for BMI and established risk factors [1.52 (0.49–2.48), Ratio (CI), p<0.09]. Conclusion: Both FABP 4 and 5 are biomarkers of adiposity and MetSyn. In the first study of its kind, plasma FABP4, but not FABP5, was associated with CAC in type 2 DM, but neither were independent predictors of this subclinical atherosclerosis measure.

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