Screening of an Alkaline CMCase-Producing Strain and the Optimization of its Fermentation Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1304-1315
Author(s):  
Junmei Zhou ◽  
Lianghong Yin ◽  
Chenbin Wu ◽  
Sijia Wu ◽  
Jidong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Fermentation Condition ◽  
Bivalent Cations ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries ◽  
Central Composite

Objective: Alkaline Carboxymethyl Cellulase (CMCase) is an attractive enzyme for the textile, laundry, pulp, and paper industries; however, commercial preparations with sufficient activity at alkaline conditions are scarce. Methods: High CMCase-producing bacterial isolate, SX9-4, was screened out from soil bacteria, which was identified as Flavobacterium sp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase reaction were 8.0 and 55°C, respectively. Alkaline CMCase was stable over wide pH (3.0-10.6) and temperature (25-55°C) ranges. Enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by the bivalent cations Mn2+ and Cu2+, and was activated by Fe2+. To improve the alkaline CMCase production of SX9-4, fermentation parameters were selected through onefactor- at-a-time and further carried out by response surface methodologies based on a central composite design. Conclusion: High CMCase production (57.18 U/mL) was achieved under the optimal conditions: 10.53 g/L carboxymethylcellulose sodium, 7.74 g/L glucose, 13.71 g/L peptone, and 5.27 g/L ammonium oxalate.

scholarly journals In vitro establishment of Bambusa oldhamii Munro from field-grown matrices and molecular identification of endophytic bactéria

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Azevedo Pasqualini ◽  
Gabriela Xavier Schneider ◽  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Luiz Antonio Biasi ◽  
Marguerite Quoirin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Bambusa Oldhamii

ABSTRACT In plant micropropagation, the establishment stage is difficult, due to the presence of microorganisms in tissues from field-grown matrices, especially for bamboo. This study aimed to establish an efficient asepsis protocol for Bambusa oldhamii explants from field plants, as well as to carry out the molecular identification of a possible endophytic bacterial isolate. The explants were exposed to 70 % alcohol, 1 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 0.1 % mercuric chloride (HgCl2), thiophanate-methyl (Cercobin®) and chlorhexidine digluconate (2 % Riohex®) in different combinations, and introduced into Murashige and Skoog culture medium (solid or liquid), supplemented or not with 4 mL L-1 of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPMTM), totaling seven treatments. The asepsis and immersion of the explants in the liquid culture medium containing 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM visually inhibited the bacterial and fungal growth, allowed the development of shoots with a mean length of 2.2 cm and posterior subcultures, being the best treatment used for the in vitro establishment of B. oldhamii. The molecular identification of an endophytic bacterium performed by 16S rDNA sequencing allowed to identify the bacterial isolate as Ralstonia sp., with 100 % of similarity, and the phylogenetic analysis grouped it with Ralstonia pickettii. In addition, the bacterial isolate showed to be sensitive to 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM by the minimum inhibitory concentration test.

pH Dependence on Biosorption of Pb (II) by P. amaryllifolius Roxb

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 757-760
Author(s):  
Mohd Zamri Abdullah ◽  
Suriati Sufian ◽  
Farah Hanim Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Sorption Activity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Living Biomass ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Solution pH plays an important criterion in the biosorption system in ensuring optimum uptake of heavy metal by a biomass is achieved at the highest performance. In this study, the biosorption of lead (II) ions by the non-living biomass of P. Amaryllifolius Roxb is performed at various pH from acidic to alkaline conditions. Results show that the optimum pH for the removal of lead (II) ions from wastewater occurs at pH 5, whereby the sorption activity occurs through monolayer process as it follows the Langmuir isotherm. High removal percentage of the metal ions at various concentrations further emphasize on the viability of P. amaryllifolius Roxbto be utilized as a green resources in the wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals A novel exocytoplasmic endonuclease from Streptomyces antibioticus

1995 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cal ◽  
J F Aparicio ◽  
C G de los Reyes-Gavilan ◽  
R G Nicieza ◽  
J Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Monomeric Form ◽  
Streptomyces Antibioticus ◽  
Agarose Gels ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Bivalent Cations ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Optimum Ph

A new exocytoplasmic, nutritionally controlled endodeoxyribonuclease (EC 3.1.21.-) was purified to homogeneity from Streptomyces antibioticus. The enzyme showed an apparent molecular mass of 29 kDa (being active in the monomeric form) and a pI of approximately 7.8. The nuclease hydrolysed endonucleolytically double-stranded circular and linear DNA. The enzyme makes nicks in one strand of the DNA in G-rich regions, leaving either 5′ or 3′ short, single-stranded overhangs with 3′-hydroxy and 5′-phosphate termini. Breaks in the DNA occur when two nicks in opposite strands are close together. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 7.5 and an absolute requirement for bivalent cations and > or = 100 mM NaCl in the reaction buffer. Activity was greatly diminished in the presence of phosphate, Hg2+ or iodoacetate and was stimulated by dimethyl sulphoxide. Single-stranded DNA was a much poorer substrate than double-stranded DNA. The nuclease hydrolyses sequences of three or preferably more (dG).(dC) tracts in the DNA. The initial specificity shifts to other sequences (including sequences shorter than those initially hydrolysed) during the course of the reaction, giving the changing pattern of bands observed in agarose gels. 5-Methylcytosine-hemimethylated DNA is not hydrolysed by the nuclease. The properties of this novel enzyme suggest a relationship with class II restriction endonucleases and also with some eukaryotic nucleases.

scholarly journals Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera Silage on the Serum Indicators, Hindgut Parameters and Fecal Bacterial Community of Holstein Heifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanchen Tian ◽  
Yiye Chen ◽  
Ni Zhu ◽  
Yongqing Guo ◽  
Ming Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Bacterial Community ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract This study investigated the effects of substitution of whole corn silage (CS) with Broussonetia papyrifera silage (BPS) in different ratios on the serum indicators, hindgut fermentation parameters (pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids), and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers. Sixteen heifers (8-month-old, 220±30 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments according to different BPS substitution ratios of feed basis (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). The experiment consisted of a 7-day preliminary feeding period and a 30-day experimental period. On the last day of the trial, the blood samples were collected from caudal vein, and the feces samples were collected from rectum. With the increasing of BPS content, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum decreased (P<0.05), and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IL-4 content of serum increased (P<0.05); and the hindgut pH value increased (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing found that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia; and the dominant genera were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found 12 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which have strong correlation with some serum and hindgut indicators. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) found that BPS have impacts on the pathways, such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and promotes amino acid transport and metabolism. To sum up, inclusion of BPS in heifer diets can affect the fecal bacterial community, and further improve serum anti-oxidant and immune indicators in Holstein heifers.

scholarly journals Ameliorating process parameters for zeaxanthin yield in Arthrobacter gandavensis MTCC 25325

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shristi Ram ◽  
Sushma Rani Tirkey ◽  
Madhava Anil Kumar ◽  
Sandhya Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Ccd Matrix ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract The present study aims to escalate the production of prophylactic agent zeaxanthin using a screened potential bacterial isolate. For this purpose, a freshwater bacterium capable of producing zeaxanthin was isolated from Bor Talav, Bhavnagar. The 16S rRNA sequence confirmed the isolate as Arthrobacter gandavensis. The bacterium was also submitted to Microbial Type Culture Collection, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India, with the accession number MTCC 25325. The chemo-metric tools were employed to optimise the influencing factors such as pH, temperature, inoculum size, agitation speed, carbon source and harvest time on zeaxanthin yield. Thereafter, 6 parameters were narrowed down to 3 factors and were optimised using the central composite design (CCD) matrix. Maximum zeaxanthin (1.51 mg/g) was derived when A. gandavensis MTCC 25325 was grown under pH 6.0, 1.5% (w/v) glucose and 10% (v/v) inoculum size. A high regression coefficient (R2=0.92) of the developed model indicated the accurateness of the tested parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on tailoring the process parameters using chemo-metric optimisation for escalating the zeaxanthin production by A. gandavensis MTCC 25325.

scholarly journals Improved Production of Sublancin 168 Biosynthesized byBacillus subtilis168 Using Chemometric Methodology and Statistical Experimental Designs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyue Ji ◽  
Weili Li ◽  
Haiyun Xin ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Binyun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Fermentation Condition ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Steepest Ascent ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation ◽  
Plackett Burman Design

Sublancin 168, as a distinct S-linked antimicrobial glycopeptide produced byBacillus subtilis168, is effective in killing specific microorganisms. However, the reported yield of sublancin 168 is at a low level of no more than 60 mg from 1 L fermentation culture ofB. subtilis168 by using the method in the literature. Thus optimization of fermentation condition for efficiently producing sublancin 168 is required. Here, Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal combination of three fermentation parameters, namely, corn powder, soybean meal, and temperature that were identified previously by Plackett-Burman design and the steepest ascent experiment. Subsequently, based on the response surface methodology, the quadratic regression model for optimally producing sublancin 168 was developed, and the optimal combination of culture parameters for maximum sublancin 168 production of 129.72 mg/L was determined as corn powder 28.49 g/L, soybean meal 22.99 g/L, and incubation temperature 30.8°C. The results showed that sublancin 168 production obtained experimentally was coincident with predicted value of 125.88 mg/L, and the developed model was proved to be adequate, and the aim of efficiently producing sublancin 168 was achieved.

Purification and characterization of antifungal chitinase from Bacillus safensis MBCU6 and its application for production of chito-oligosaccharides

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urja Pandya ◽  
Meenu Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Bacillus Safensis ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Antifungal Chitinase ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Wall Components

AbstractThe chitinase producing bacterial strain was isolated from the vermicompost amended site of Mehsana district of Gujarat, India, and identified as Bacillus safensis MBCU6 using 16S rDNA sequencing. The chitinase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by diethylaminoethanol sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The purified enzyme could be demonstrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryalamide gel electrophoresis analysis as well as clear zone on zymogram, with estimated molecular mass of 58 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of chitinase were pH 7.0 and 60◦C, respectively. The purified chitinase exhibited high degree of antifungal activity particularly against pathogenic Macrophomina phaseolina (60%) and Rhizoctonia solani (73%) by dissolving their cell wall components. The purified enzyme could hydrolyze colloidal chitin to its oligomers. It infers that the chitinase produced by Bacillus safensis may play a significant role in the activity as a biopesticide and bioactive material production.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Advanced Oxidation Processes to Treat Petroleum Wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeaa Al Deen Atallah Aljubourya ◽  
Puganeshwary Palaniandy ◽  
Hamidi Bin Abdul Aziz ◽  
Shaik Feroz
Keyword(s):  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Solar Photocatalysis ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Central Composite

AbstractThis study was carried out to compare the performance of different oxidation processes, such as solar photo-Fenton reaction, solar photocatalysis by TiO2, and the combination of the two for the treatment of petroleum wastewater from Sohar Oil Refinery by a central composite design with response surface methodology. The degradation efficiency was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reductions. Solar photocatalysis by the TiO2/Fenton method improved the performance of the photocatalyst at neutral pH for petroleum wastewater without the need to adjust the pH during this treatment. Under acidic conditions, the solar photo-Fenton process is more efficient than solar TiO2photocatalysis while it is less efficient under alkaline conditions. The TiO2dosage and pH are the two main factors that improved the TOC and COD reductions in the solar photocatalysis using combined TiO2/Fenton and the solar TiO2photocatalysis processes while the pH and H2O2concentration are the two key factors that affect the solar photo-Fenton process.

Bioethanol production from pineapple peels waste by heat treatment and enzyme hydrolysis: An eco-friendly and economical method

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Jambulingam Kiruthika ◽  
A. Sathya ◽  
T. Sharvika
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
Pineapple Peel

Bioethanol is a renewable energy source with reduced CO2 emission and a better alternate for fossil fuels. The production of bioethanol using low cost agricultural wastes such as fruits waste always remains a better solution for the present environmental and energy problems. The present study focusses on the production of bioethanol from pineapple peel wastes by simultaneous scarification and fermentation process in a completely eco-friendly manner and economical manner. The fruit wastes are rich sources of sugars and can be utilized for the production of second generation fuel. Initially, cellulase producing potent bacterial isolate was isolated from soil sample collected from fruit market (Uzhavar Santhai), R.S. Puram, Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu, India. Further, the bacterial isolate was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and the sequence was submitted in GenBank with the accession number MW227436. The phylogenetic tree was constructed and the bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus strain JK79. Pineapple peel waste was processed, heat pretreated and was utilized for enzymatic saccharification with crude cellulase enzyme to hydrolyze cellulose into simple sugars. The enzyme hydrolyzed content was allowed to undergo fermentation simultaneously (Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation) utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce bioethanol. The yield of bioethanol was determined by potassium dichromate method. About 10.07 g/l of bioethanol was obtained by fermenting the enzymatically hydrolyzed pineapple peel waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The production of bioethanol was confirmed by GC-MS.

Cationization of Eucalyptus grandis 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan for application as a wet-end additive in a papermaking process

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Postma ◽  
Annie F.A. Chimphango ◽  
Johann F. Görgens
Keyword(s):  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Uronic Acid Content ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract Hemicelluloses extracted prior to kraft pulping can subsequently be introduced as wet-end strength additives in a papermaking process. The 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan (Me-GluX) extracted from Eucalyptus grandis (E. grandis) under mild alkaline conditions was cationized and added to bleached kraft pulp (BKP) from E. grandis before refining. The cationization by 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (ETA) was done in a central composite designed experiment. Me-GluX with an average molecular weight of 52,000 g mol-1 contained 27% Klason residue. The cationic Me-GluX had degrees of substitution of the cationic side chain between 0.05 and 0.73 and uronic acid content between 6.1% and 12.7%. The cationic Me-GluX as a wet-end strength additive was compared to cationic starch (CatStarch 134) in handsheets. The handsheets with cationic Me-GluX showed improvement in tensile, burst, and tear indices and had lower air permeability than those with CatStarch 134 at dosages between 1.0% and 2.0%. Accordingly, cationized Me-GluX is a potential green wet-end strength additive, which could fully or partially replace the synthetic and starch additives.

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