Dietary Protein and Gut Microbiota Composition and Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Zhao ◽  
Xiaoya Zhang ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Michael A. Brown ◽  
Shiyan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

A Crucial Role for Diet in the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Attaye ◽  
Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma ◽  
Hilde Herrema ◽  
Max Nieuwdorp
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been shown to considerably alter gut microbiota composition and function. Moreover, several diet-derived microbial metabolites are able to modulate human metabolism and thereby alter CMD risk. Dietary interventions that affect gut microbiota composition and function are therefore a promising, novel, and cost-efficient method to reduce CMD risk. Studies suggest that fermentable carbohydrates can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and function, whereas high animal protein and high fat intake negatively impact gut microbiota function and composition. This review focuses on the role of macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and dietary patterns (e.g., vegetarian/vegan and Mediterranean diet) in gut microbiota composition and function in the context of CMD.

scholarly journals Liver-specific knockdown of ANGPTL8 alters the structure of the gut microbiota in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlong Cheng ◽  
Yining Li ◽  
Yonghong Xiong ◽  
Yixin Zou ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effect of liver-specific knockdown of ANGPTL8 on the structure of the gut microbiota. Methods We constructed mice with liver-specific ANGPTL8 knockdown by using an adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) system harbouring an ANGPTL8 shRNA. We analysed the structure and function of the gut microbiome through pyrosequencing and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) functional prediction. Results Compared with controls, ANGPTL8 shRNA reduced the Simpson index and Shannon index (p < 0.01) of the gut microbiota in mice. At the phylum level, the sh-ANGPTL8 group showed a healthier gut microbiota composition than controls (Bacteroidetes: controls 67.52%, sh-ANGPTL8 80.75%; Firmicutes: controls 10.96%, sh-ANGPTL8 8.58%; Proteobacteria: controls 9.29%, sh-ANGPTL8 0.98%; F/B ratio: controls 0.16, sh-ANGPTL8 0.11). PCoA and UPGMA analysis revealed a significant difference in microbiota composition, while KEGG analysis revealed a significant difference in microbiota function between controls and the sh-ANGPTL8 group. Conclusion Our results revealed that inhibition of ANGPTL8 signalling altered the structure of the gut microbiome, which might further affect the metabolism of mice. We have thus identified ANGPTL8 as a novel hepatogenic hormone potentially involving the liver-gut axis and regulating the structure of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Systems biology analysis of omeprazole therapy in cirrhosis demonstrates significant shifts in gut microbiota composition and function

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (10) ◽  
pp. G951-G957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmohan S. Bajaj ◽  
I. Jane Cox ◽  
Naga S. Betrapally ◽  
Douglas M. Heuman ◽  
Mitchell L. Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stool Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been associated with infectious complications in cirrhosis, but their impact on distal gut microbiota composition and function is unclear. We aimed to evaluate changes in stool microbiota composition and function in patients with cirrhosis and healthy controls after omeprazole therapy. Both 15 compensated cirrhotic patients and 15 age-matched controls underwent serum gastrin measurement, stool microbiota profiling with multitagged pyrosequencing, and urinary metabolic profiling with NMR spectroscopy to assess microbial cometabolites before/after a 14-day course of 40 mg/day omeprazole under constant diet conditions. Results before (pre) and after PPI were compared in both groups, compared with baseline by systems biology techniques. Adherence was >95% without changes in diet or MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) score during the study. Serum gastrin concentrations significantly increased after PPI in cirrhosis (pre 38.3 ± 35.8 vs. 115.6 ± 79.3 pg/ml P < 0.0001) and controls (pre 29.9 ± 14.5 vs. 116.0 ± 74.0 pg/ml, P = 0.001). A significant microbiota change was seen in both controls and cirrhosis after omeprazole (QIIME P < 0.0001). Relative Streptococcaceae abundance, normally abundant in saliva, significantly increased postomeprazole in controls (1 vs. 5%) and cirrhosis (0 vs. 9%) and was correlated with serum gastrin levels ( r = 0.4, P = 0.005). We found significantly reduced hippurate in cirrhosis vs. controls both pre- and postomeprazole and increased lactate in both groups post vs. preomeprazole, whereas dimethylamine (DMA) decreased in cirrhosis only. On correlation network analysis, significant changes in linkages of bacteria with metabolites (hippurate/DMA/lactate) were found postomeprazole, compared with pre-PPI in cirrhosis patients. In conclusion, omeprazole is associated with a microbiota shift and functional change in the distal gut in patients with compensated cirrhosis that could set the stage for bacterial overgrowth.

scholarly journals Effect of an Intermittent Meat Protein Diet on Colon Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Chunbao Li ◽  
Guanghong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives The level of dietary protein is a major factor determining gut health. The level of dietary protein is fluctuated in real life, which may affect colon homeostasis. However, it is still less known about it. Here, we investigated how an intermittent protein diet affected inflammatory, gut barrier and microbiota. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received either a casein or pork protein with (i) 20% protein (C), (ii) 5% protein, (iii) 40% protein, or intermittent diet, a diet alternating weekly between 5% protein and 40% protein ((iv) ending on 40% protein or (v) ending on 5% protein)) for up to 16 weeks. The gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, tight junction protein and gut microbiota composition were measured. Results The intermittent intake of casein decreased body weight, but intermittent pork protein diet didn't affect body weight. In casein group, the proinflammatory factors were highly upregulated in intermittent group ending on 5% protein, but the proinflammatory cytokines of intermittent group ending on 40% protein were not significantly affected. However, the two intermittent pork protein groups reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, intermittent diet altered gut microbiota composition. Intermittent casein group ending on 40% protein increased richness of gut microbiota, but intermittent pork protein group ending on 5% protein decreased richness and microbial diversity. Conclusions Intermittent diet indeed altered microbiota structure and colon health. In addition to protein level and source, dietary pattern is also an important parameter for host health. Funding Sources This work was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology (10000 Talent Project).

scholarly journals Effects of cat ownership on the gut microbiota of owners

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253133
Author(s):  
Guankui Du ◽  
Hairong Huang ◽  
Qiwei Zhu ◽  
Li Ying
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Pet ownership is an essential environmental exposure that might influence the health of the owner. This study’s primary objectives were to explore the effects of cat ownership on the gut microbial diversity and composition of owners. Raw data from the American Gut Project were obtained from the SRA database. A total of 214 Caucasian individuals (111 female) with cats and 214 individuals (111 female) without cats were used in the following analysis. OTU number showed significant alteration in the Cat group and Female_cat group, compared with that of the no cat (NC) group and Female_ NC group, respectively. Compared with the NC group, the microbial phylum Proteobacteria was significantly decreased in the Cat group. The microbial families Alcaligenaceae and Pasteurellaceae were significantly reduced, while Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were significantly increased in the Cat group. Fifty metabolic pathways were predicted to be significantly changed in the Cat group. Twenty-one and 13 metabolic pathways were predicted to be significantly changed in the female_cat and male_cat groups, respectively. Moreover, the microbial phylum Cyanobacteria was significantly decreased, while the families Alcaligenaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly changed in the normal weight cat group. In addition, 41 and 7 metabolic pathways were predicted to be significantly changed in the normal-weight cat and overweight cat groups, respectively. Therefore, this study demonstrated that cat ownership could influence owners’ gut microbiota composition and function, especially in the female group and normal-weight group.

scholarly journals Microbiome Analysis of Gut Bacterial Communities of Healthy and Diseased Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Mei Lin Lau ◽  
Cindy Jia Yung Kho ◽  
LEONARD WHYE KIT LIM ◽  
Siew Chuiang Sia ◽  
Hung Hui Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Petechial Haemorrhage ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Aims: The gut microbiota is referred to an extra organ and is ciritical in assisting the host in terms of nutrition and immunity. Environmental stressors could alter gut microbial community and cause gut inflammation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the gut microbiota community between healthy and diseased Tor tambroides. Methodology and results: In this study, such gut microbial alterations were explored using NGS-based 16S rDNA sequencing on the Malaysian mahseer (T. tambroides). Three adult healthy and three diseased adult Malaysian mahseers (showing signs of exophthalmia, coelomic distension and petechial haemorrhage) were obtained from LTT Aquaculture Sdn Bhd. Our results revealed significant differences in microbial diversity, composition and function between both populations of T. tambroides. Alpha diversity analysis depicts lower diversity of gut microbiota composition in diseased T. tambroides as compared to the healthy group. In particular, Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas, Bacteroides, Vibrio and Pseudomonas were found within gut microbiota of the diseased fishes. In addition, cellulose-degrading bacteria and protease-producing bacteria were identified from the gut of T. tambroides. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Thus, our findings emphasised on the association between the alteration in gut microbiota composition and infectious abdominal dropsy (IAD) in T. tambroides. This finding is important to provide basic information for further diagnosis, prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases in fish.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document