scholarly journals Effect of an Intermittent Meat Protein Diet on Colon Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Chunbao Li ◽  
Guanghong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives The level of dietary protein is a major factor determining gut health. The level of dietary protein is fluctuated in real life, which may affect colon homeostasis. However, it is still less known about it. Here, we investigated how an intermittent protein diet affected inflammatory, gut barrier and microbiota. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received either a casein or pork protein with (i) 20% protein (C), (ii) 5% protein, (iii) 40% protein, or intermittent diet, a diet alternating weekly between 5% protein and 40% protein ((iv) ending on 40% protein or (v) ending on 5% protein)) for up to 16 weeks. The gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, tight junction protein and gut microbiota composition were measured. Results The intermittent intake of casein decreased body weight, but intermittent pork protein diet didn't affect body weight. In casein group, the proinflammatory factors were highly upregulated in intermittent group ending on 5% protein, but the proinflammatory cytokines of intermittent group ending on 40% protein were not significantly affected. However, the two intermittent pork protein groups reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, intermittent diet altered gut microbiota composition. Intermittent casein group ending on 40% protein increased richness of gut microbiota, but intermittent pork protein group ending on 5% protein decreased richness and microbial diversity. Conclusions Intermittent diet indeed altered microbiota structure and colon health. In addition to protein level and source, dietary pattern is also an important parameter for host health. Funding Sources This work was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology (10000 Talent Project).

Dietary Protein and Gut Microbiota Composition and Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Zhao ◽  
Xiaoya Zhang ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Michael A. Brown ◽  
Shiyan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Effects of 12 weeks of resistance training on gut microbiota composition of rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinne P. Castro ◽  
Keemilyn K. S. Silva ◽  
Claudia S. A. Medeiros ◽  
Fernanda Alves ◽  
Ronaldo C. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

In addition to its health benefits, exercise training has been pointed out as modulator of the gut microbiota. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) on gut microbiota composition remain unknown. Wistar rats underwent 12 weeks of RT. Body weight, glucose tolerance test, visceral body fat, triglyceride concentration, and food consumption were evaluated. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Rats that underwent RT showed lower body weight (p=0.0005), lower fat content (p=0.02), and better glucose kinetics (p=0.047) when compared to the control. Improvements in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were identified in the RT group. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Comamonas decreased significantly after 12 weeks of RT (p<0.001). These results suggest that RT has the potential to enhance the diversity of the gut microbiota and improve its biological functions.

scholarly journals The Interaction between the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Sanusi-Olubowale
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The world is experiencing an increase in chronic diseases like diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes preceding disease like gestational diabetes. Most of these diseases can be prevented and mitigated if individuals pay attention to the causative factors. One of such factors is the type of microorganisms in an individual’s gut. Even though there are innate beneficial microorganisms in the human gut, pathogenic microorganisms can invade the gut, changing the inborn population of the gut microbiota. The changes in the gut microbiota population have been linked to several diseases. This chapter, therefore, describes gut microbiota and their interaction with specific diseases. Also discussed in this chapter are the changes to gut microbiota composition that pose a risk to the host. There is substantial evidence that diseases are initiated or worsened with a change in the gut microbiota composition. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in individuals’ health and requires human efforts to keep them in the right population. Furthermore, making lifestyle changes, particularly food choices and behaviors such as the misuse of medications and excessive alcohol consumption, should be monitored and controlled to support gut health.

Tu1927 THE EFFECTS OF CAROTENOID INGESTION ON THE EXPRESSION OF TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN IN INTESTINE WHICH WERE CORRELATED WITH GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-1221-S-1222
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kamada ◽  
Ritsu Yasuda ◽  
Takaaki Murakami ◽  
Ryo Inoue ◽  
Katsura Mizushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junction Protein ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Is It Time to Use Probiotics to Prevent or Treat Obesity?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brusaferro ◽  
Rita Cozzali ◽  
Ciriana Orabona ◽  
Anna Biscarini ◽  
Edoardo Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obesity Control ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

In recent years, attention has been given to the role potentially played by gut microbiota in the development of obesity. Several studies have shown that in individuals with obesity, the gut microbiota composition can be significantly different from that of lean individuals, that faecal bacteria can exert a fundamental role in modulating energy metabolism, and that modifications of gut microbiota composition can be associated with increases or reductions of body weight and body mass index. Based on this evidence, manipulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics has been considered a possible method to prevent and treat obesity. However, despite a great amount of data, the use of probiotics to prevent and treat obesity and related problems remains debated. Studies have found that the probiotic effect on body weight and metabolism is strain specific and that only some of the species included in the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera are effective, whereas the use of other strains can be deleterious. However, the dosage, duration of administration, and long-term effects of probiotics administration to prevent overweight and obesity are not known. Further studies are needed before probiotics can be rationally prescribed for the prevention or treatment of obesity. Control of the diet and environmental and life-style factors that favour obesity development remain the best solution to problems related to weight gain.

scholarly journals A Partnership in the Making: Metabolic Phenotype Determined by the Combination of Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome (FS07-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wen Cross ◽  
Evan Hutchison ◽  
Jacob Coulthurst ◽  
Federico Rey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Dietary fiber consumption improves cardiometabolic health, partly by enhancing microbial diversity and increasing production of butyrate in the distal gut. However, it is unclear whether the benefits associated with different types of fiber vary based on the gut microbiota composition. We surveyed nine different human gut microbial communities by characterizing them in germ-free mice and selected two communities based on their butyrate-producing capacity (“B”) and diversity (“D”) (i.e., high- vs. low-BD communities). Our objective was to assess the role of high- vs. low-BD communities on the metabolic effects elicited by the consumption of various dietary fibers. Methods We formulated seven diets with different sources of dietary fiber (10% wt/wt): i) resistant starch type 2 (RS2); ii) RS4; iii) inulin; iv) short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS); v) pectin, vi) assorted fiber (a combination of the 5 fermentable fibers), and vii) cellulose (a non-fermentable control). Germ-free C57BL/6 male mice were colonized with either the high- or low-BD communities and fed the assorted fiber diet for 2 weeks to reach stability of microbial engraftment. Mice were then switched to one of the 7 diets for 4 weeks (n = 7–10/group; 117 mice total). We quantified cecal level of short-chain fatty acids and assessed the gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. Results Mice colonized with the high-BD community have lower body weight and fat mass compared to the low-BD community when fermentable-fiber sources RS2, inulin, or assorted fiber were present in the diet. Body weight did not differ between the two communities when mice were fed RS4, scFOS, pectin, or cellulose diets. Lower body weight and fat mass were associated with greater cecal butyrate concentrations and microbial diversity. Conclusions The efficacy of dietary fiber interventions on metabolic health varies based on the gut microbiota composition. Overall, our results suggest that dietary fiber supplementations need to be matched with the metabolic potential of the gut microbiome. Funding Sources Fondation Leducq, USDA, and NIH.

scholarly journals Impact of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda ◽  
Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Improve Health

Physical activity, exercise, or physical fitness are being studied as helpful nonpharmacological therapies to reduce signaling pathways related to inflammation. Studies describing changes in intestinal microbiota have stated that physical activity could increase the microbial variance and enhance the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and both actions could neutralize the obesity progression and diminish body weight. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature describing the relationship between physical activity profiles and gut microbiota and in obesity and some associated comorbidities. Promoting physical activity could support as a treatment to maintain the gut microbiota composition or to restore the balance toward an improvement of dysbiosis in obesity; however, these mechanisms need to be studied in more detail. The opportunity to control the microbiota by physical activity to improve health results and decrease obesity and related comorbidities is very attractive. Nevertheless, several incompletely answered questions need to be addressed before this strategy can be implemented.

scholarly journals Protein Intake, Metabolic Status and the Gut Microbiota in Different Ethnicities: Results from Two Independent Cohorts

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3159
Author(s):  
Pierre Bel Lassen ◽  
Ilias Attaye ◽  
Solia Adriouch ◽  
Mary Nicolaou ◽  
Judith Aron-Wisnewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background: Protein intake has been associated with the development of pre-diabetes (pre-T2D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota has the capacity to produce harmful metabolites derived from dietary protein. Furthermore, both the gut microbiota composition and metabolic status (e.g., insulin resistance) can be modulated by diet and ethnicity. However, to date most studies have predominantly focused on carbohydrate and fiber intake with regards to metabolic status and gut microbiota composition. Objectives: To determine the associations between dietary protein intake, gut microbiota composition, and metabolic status in different ethnicities. Methods: Separate cross-sectional analysis of two European cohorts (MetaCardis, n = 1759; HELIUS, n = 1528) including controls, patients with pre-T2D, and patients with T2D of Caucasian/non-Caucasian origin with nutritional data obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaires and gut microbiota composition. Results: In both cohorts, animal (but not plant) protein intake was associated with pre-T2D status and T2D status after adjustment for confounders. There was no significant association between protein intake (total, animal, or plant) with either gut microbiota alpha diversity or beta diversity, regardless of ethnicity. At the species level, we identified taxonomical signatures associated with animal protein intake that overlapped in both cohorts with different abundances according to metabolic status and ethnicity. Conclusions: Animal protein intake is associated with pre-T2D and T2D status but not with gut microbiota beta or alpha diversity, regardless of ethnicity. Gut microbial taxonomical signatures were identified, which could function as potential modulators in the association between dietary protein intake and metabolic status.

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