Remdesivir (GS-5734) in COVID-19 Therapy: The Fourth Chance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Singh Moirangthem ◽  
Laishram Surbala
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Compassionate Use ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Nucleotide Analog ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Since its initial start on December 2019 at Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) has been rapidly spreading and labelled as pandemic by World Health Organization. The rate of human to human transmission of COVID-19 is far higher than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS). With no drugs or vaccines approved for the treatment of the disease, physicians have been using the pre-existing drugs to curb the disease. One potential anti-viral agent currently undergoing numerous clinical trial is remdesivir, a nucleotide analog that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective: In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Vaccines and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Author(s):  
Pyoeng Gyun Choe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, a new strain of betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the virus quickly spread worldwide and the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. In response to the pandemic, many researchers are working on repurposing existing drugs to alter the course of severe COVID-19, and are testing experimental treatments. Among antiviral agents, remdesivir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, showed clinical benefit in a randomized clinical trial. In October 2020, the Food and Drug Administration approved remdesivir for treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19, making it the first drug approved for the disease. The race to produce safe, effective vaccines is also progressing at unprecedented speed, with over 200 under development and 45 candidates already being tested in human clinical trials (as of October 2020).

scholarly journals Chemical and Mechanical Actions of Drugs Active Group Used in COVID-19 Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Suhayla K. Mohammed ◽  
Mzahim M. Taha ◽  
Ekhlass M. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Alpha Interferon ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Viral Membrane ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

With the new global outbreak of the novel COVID-19, control and treatment has become critical. There is no medication proven to be effective for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome which is caused by COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports. Most studies that have been done on this time are clinical trials. Those studies used several drugs like lopinavir, ritonavir, nebulized alpha-interferon and, aminoquinolines. The mechanism of action is not well known so far. This review studies the metabolites of the tested drugs with different kinds of the viral membrane which merging proteins based on mechanical criteria.

scholarly journals Molnupiravir: a novel efficacious antiviral candidate to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e281101423014
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sumardika ◽  
Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi ◽  
Agus Eka Darwinata ◽  
Giovanca Verentzia Purnama ◽  
Jerry Jerry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nucleotide Analog ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Trial Phase

An unknown pneumonia-like disease has emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. It is later named as SARS-CoV-2 which cause COVID-19. This virus spreads easily due to high mobilization and its transmission through droplets or aerosol and fomite. The World Health Organization (WHO) then declared this disease as a global outbreak in March 2020. As the world faces the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, many researchers race to find the most efficacious treatment for COVID-19. Until now, the most common treatments for COVID-19 were only symptomatic such as decongestant, corticosteroid, interleukin inhibitor, and existing antiviral. The researchers then develop a brand new antiviral that works efficiently to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and might become prophylaxis. This disease is called Molnupiravir or EIDD-2801, a nucleotide analog which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, resulting in damaged mRNA and lethal virions. Molnupiravir works to produce mutagenesis in RNA viruses and prevent the virus from spreading widely throughout the human body. However, this drug is still needed to undergo clinical trial phase three. In this article, we will discuss how Molnupiravir works and its efficacy compared to existing drugs. This review article aims to provide an update about novel efficacious antiviral for COVID-19, Molnupiravir.

Synthetic Attempts Towards Eminent Anti-Viral Candidates of SARS-CoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhradip Kundu ◽  
Debayan Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Southern China ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Chemical Companies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
First Time

: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) aka SARS-CoV spread over southern China for the first time in 2002-2003 and history repeated again since last year and take away more than two million people so far. On March 11, 2020 COVID-19 outbreak was officially declared as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Entire world united to fight back against this ultimate destruction. Around 90 vaccines are featured against SARS-CoV-2 and more than 300 active clinical trials are underway by several groups and individuals. So far, no drugs are currently approved that completely eliminates the deadly corona virus. The promising SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral drugs are favipiravir, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin and avifavir. In this review, we have discussed the synthetic approaches elaborately made so far by different groups and chemical companies all around the world towards top three convincing anti-viral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 which are favipiravir, remdesivir and lopinavir.

scholarly journals Clinical trial reporting performance of thirty UK universities on ClinicalTrials.gov—evaluation of a new tracking tool for the US clinical trial registry

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Mirjam Keestra ◽  
Florence Rodgers ◽  
Daphne Lenz ◽  
Rhiannon Osborne ◽  
Till Bruckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Median Number ◽  
World Health ◽  
Trial Registry ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

AbstractClinical trial transparency forms the foundation of evidence-based medicine, and trial sponsors, especially publicly funded institutions such as universities, have an ethical and scientific responsibility to make the results of clinical trials publicly available in a timely fashion. We assessed whether the thirty UK universities receiving the most Medical Research Council funding in 2017–2018 complied with World Health Organization best practices for clinical trial reporting on the US Clinical Trial Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov). Firstly, we developed and evaluated a novel automated tracking tool (clinical-trials-tracker.com) for clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. This tracker identifies the number of due trials (whose completion lies more than 395 days in the past) that have not reported results on the registry and can now be used for all sponsors. Secondly, we used the tracker to determine the number of due clinical trials sponsored by the selected UK universities in October 2020. Thirdly, using the FDAAA Trials Tracker, we identified trials sponsored by these universities that are not complying with reporting requirements under the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act 2007. Finally, we quantified the average and median number of days between primary completion date and results posting. In October 2020, the universities included in our study were sponsoring 1634 due trials, only 1.6% (n = 26) of which had reported results within a year of completion. 89.8% (n = 1468) of trials remained unreported, and 8.6% (n = 140) of trials reported results late. We also identified 687 trials that contained inconsistent data, suggesting that UK universities often fail to update their data adequately on ClinicalTrials.gov. The mean reporting delay after primary completion for trials that posted results was 981 days, the median 728 days. Only four trials by UK universities violated the FDAAA 2007. We suggest a number of reasons for the poor reporting performance of UK universities on ClinicalTrials.gov: (i) efforts to improve clinical trial reporting in the UK have to date focused on the European clinical trial registry (EU CTR), (ii) the absence of a tracking tool for timely reporting on ClinicalTrials.gov has limited the visibility of institutions’ reporting performance on the US registry and (iii) there is currently a lack of repercussions for UK sponsors who fail to report results on ClinicalTrials.gov which should be addressed in the future.

scholarly journals Conducting a VR Clinical Trial in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Stradford ◽  
Ashwin Sakhare ◽  
Roshan Ravichandran ◽  
E. Todd Schroeder ◽  
Lori A. Michener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trial Research ◽  
Study Staff ◽  
Health Organization

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sparked a global public health pandemic that has impacted every aspect of daily life. Medical research was affected, and many clinical trials were halted to minimize COVID-19 transmission risk and spread while the world navigated this novel virus. Here we describe the relaunch of our virtual reality (VR) pilot clinical trial that uses an in-lab brain and body training program to promote brain health in mid-to-late life older adults, in the era of COVID-19. This case series includes five healthy female participants between 51 and 76 years of age, a subset of a larger VR pilot clinical trial that started pre-pandemic. We developed a revised study protocol based on the Center for Disease Control and World Health Organization guidelines to help manage the spread of COVID-19. Since the limited resumption of clinical trials at our institution in August 2020, we successfully completed over 200 in-lab virtual reality training sessions using our revised protocol. During this time, none of the five participants or three study staff reported any COVID-19 symptoms or reported a positive COVID-19 test. More than 40 voluntary COVID-19 tests were completed by our study staff over the last 6 months. All participants rated our safety protocol as very satisfied or extremely satisfied and that they would be very likely or extremely likely to participate in a VR clinical trial during the pandemic. Based on these findings, we suggest that continued VR clinical trial research during the COVID-19 pandemic is achievable and can be safely resumed if specific safety protocols are in place to mitigate the risk of exposure and spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals DETAILED INFORMATION ON FAVIPIRAVIR: DRUG FOR TREATMENT OF SARS-COV-2

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
MONAJI SANJANA REDDY
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is another name given to pandemic disease COVID-19 that is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. People infected with coronavirus will experience mild-to-moderate respiratory illness, and it can be seen in a serious stage when comorbidities include along with it. This is now creating a huge pandemic situation all over the world with a huge rate of sufferers, that is, around 9.06 million around the world and about 440 k in India till today according to the World Health Organization. This is a serious condition that should be solved with vaccine only as coronavirus is undergoing mutation it makes difficult to invent a vaccine for it. So far, about 200 genetic mutations have been discovered across the world also in these 198 mutations appeared independently more than once. Due to this pandemic situation, there are so many clinical trials going on in discovering vaccines. Recently, after many trails conducting favipiravir are found to be the most successful in treating any stage of SARS-CoV-2. This article focuses completely on this area, along with its mechanism, side effects, uses, and contraindications.

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

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