scholarly journals Molnupiravir: a novel efficacious antiviral candidate to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e281101423014
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sumardika ◽  
Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi ◽  
Agus Eka Darwinata ◽  
Giovanca Verentzia Purnama ◽  
Jerry Jerry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nucleotide Analog ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Trial Phase

An unknown pneumonia-like disease has emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. It is later named as SARS-CoV-2 which cause COVID-19. This virus spreads easily due to high mobilization and its transmission through droplets or aerosol and fomite. The World Health Organization (WHO) then declared this disease as a global outbreak in March 2020. As the world faces the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, many researchers race to find the most efficacious treatment for COVID-19. Until now, the most common treatments for COVID-19 were only symptomatic such as decongestant, corticosteroid, interleukin inhibitor, and existing antiviral. The researchers then develop a brand new antiviral that works efficiently to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and might become prophylaxis. This disease is called Molnupiravir or EIDD-2801, a nucleotide analog which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, resulting in damaged mRNA and lethal virions. Molnupiravir works to produce mutagenesis in RNA viruses and prevent the virus from spreading widely throughout the human body. However, this drug is still needed to undergo clinical trial phase three. In this article, we will discuss how Molnupiravir works and its efficacy compared to existing drugs. This review article aims to provide an update about novel efficacious antiviral for COVID-19, Molnupiravir.

scholarly journals The Recent Updates on Approaches and Clinical Trials Status of Covid-19 Vaccines Developed Globally

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124
Author(s):  
Sachin Chaudhary ◽  
Abdel-Nasser El-Shorbagi ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Human Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Trial Phase

The Covid-19 pandemic since 2019 has imparted a massive influence on the human life around the world, irrespective of all the precautionary measures followed worldwide it is strongly suggested that only the effective and safer vaccine can control this vicious pandemic. Nevertheless, the vaccine development strategies for Covid-19 was initiated firstly in china after the outbreak of Covid-19 and then globally after it was declared as pandemic by World Health Organization. Currently, numerous platforms have been designed for developing the most efficacious and safe vaccines designed by different technologies including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated, and live attenuated approach. Here, this review will illustrates the detailed information on above mentioned Covid-19 vaccines development technologies, protocols and their clinical trial phase status. Additionally, this review also includes the details of vaccines failed to progress further.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 Occupational Considerations for Surgeons: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Seyed Hesamaddin Banihashemi ◽  
Ahmadreza Karimi ◽  
Hasti Nikourazm ◽  
Behnaz Bahmanyar ◽  
Dariush Hooshyar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and its associated disease, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Coronavirus was officially named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization and was recognized as a pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. Based on the published data, it is hoped to provide a source for later studies and to help prevent and control the contagious COVID-19 and its characteristics, and considerations that surgeons and medical staff must observe during the epidemic.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Drug Discovery Using Intensive Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Asai ◽  
Masamitsu Konno ◽  
Miyuki Ozaki ◽  
Chihiro Otsuka ◽  
Andrea Vecchione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable.

scholarly journals Compliance of clinical trial registries with the World Health Organization minimum data set: a survey

Trials ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo P Moja ◽  
Ivan Moschetti ◽  
Munira Nurbhai ◽  
Anna Compagnoni ◽  
Alessandro Liberati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Insights on Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Possible Treatment of COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHASHANK KUMAR MAURYA ◽  
Amit Bhattacharya ◽  
Pooja Shukla ◽  
RAJNIKANT MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Primary Transmission

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 virus of the coronavirus family, created worldwide infectious outbreak affecting millions of people across the globe showing mild to severe symptoms of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress. Absence of precise information on primary transmission, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics for patients with COVID-19 makes prevention and control tough. Treatment of millions of COVID19 patients without any specific drug is one of the biggest challenge, many existing antiviral drugs are in use as an alternative treatment and hunting is still on the way to develop COVID19 specific drug and vaccine. Being the world second largest populated country, fluctuating climatic condition at every 4 months, India is also at the high risk for spread of COVID19 infection. This review article has been intended to discuss biology of COVID-19, mechanism of COVID-19 infection in humans, epidemiology, possible effect of COVID19 infection on pregnancy, nervous system, individuals diabetes and cardiovascular disease, drug repurposing strategy as an alternative line of treatment and clinical practices recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and other government agencies followed by situation and measures taken by Indian government to minimize the spread of COVID19 in India.

scholarly journals Vaccines and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Author(s):  
Pyoeng Gyun Choe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, a new strain of betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the virus quickly spread worldwide and the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. In response to the pandemic, many researchers are working on repurposing existing drugs to alter the course of severe COVID-19, and are testing experimental treatments. Among antiviral agents, remdesivir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, showed clinical benefit in a randomized clinical trial. In October 2020, the Food and Drug Administration approved remdesivir for treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19, making it the first drug approved for the disease. The race to produce safe, effective vaccines is also progressing at unprecedented speed, with over 200 under development and 45 candidates already being tested in human clinical trials (as of October 2020).

Remdesivir (GS-5734) in COVID-19 Therapy: The Fourth Chance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Singh Moirangthem ◽  
Laishram Surbala
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Compassionate Use ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Nucleotide Analog ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Since its initial start on December 2019 at Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) has been rapidly spreading and labelled as pandemic by World Health Organization. The rate of human to human transmission of COVID-19 is far higher than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS). With no drugs or vaccines approved for the treatment of the disease, physicians have been using the pre-existing drugs to curb the disease. One potential anti-viral agent currently undergoing numerous clinical trial is remdesivir, a nucleotide analog that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective: In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Defeating Paediatric Tuberculous Meningitis: Applying the WHO “Defeating Meningitis by 2030: Global Roadmap”

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Robindra Basu Roy ◽  
Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka ◽  
Chishala Chabala ◽  
Diana M Gibb ◽  
Julie Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Research And Policy

Children affected by tuberculous meningitis (TBM), as well as their families, have needs that lie at the intersections between the tuberculosis and meningitis clinical, research, and policy spheres. There is therefore a substantial risk that these needs are not fully met by either programme. In this narrative review article, we use the World Health Organization (WHO) “Defeating Meningitis by 2030: global roadmap” as a starting point to consider key goals and activities to specifically defeat TBM in children. We apply the five pillars outlined in the roadmap to describe how this approach can be adapted to serve children affected by TBM. The pillars are (i) prevention; (ii) diagnosis and treatment; (iii) surveillance; (iv) support and care for people affected by meningitis; and (v) advocacy and engagement. We conclude by calling for greater integration between meningitis and TB programmes at WHO and at national levels.

scholarly journals COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun çocuklardaki yansımaları

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tuba Merter
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Day By Day

The virus, which emerged from Wuhan, China in the last months of 2019, and named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19, caused a pandemic all over the world. According to the studies and experiences, it has been seen that COVID-19 can infect people of all age groups and affect human health for a long time. Since the months of the outbreak of the pan- demic, the majority of studies conducted worldwide have been in symptomatic adults; However, considering the spread rate of COVID-19 all over the world, it is expected that the number of pediatric cases will increase day by day. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish diagnostic criteria for pediatric patients. In this review article, the common results of the studies conducted on pediatric patients in line with the studies worldwide are mentioned.

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