The Long-Term Effect of Medically Enhancing Melanin Intrinsic Bioenergetics Capacity in Prematurity

We have demonstrated the intrinsic capability of melanin to transform light into chemical energy. Melanin achieves this by dissociating water molecules, similar to the action of chlorophyll. This unforeseen ability of the human body to produce metabolic energy from light modifies fundamental concepts of biochemistry. The long-accepted concept is that glucose has a unique dual role as an energy source and as the main source of carbon chains that are precursors of all organic matter. The capability of melanin to produce energy challenges this premise. The prevalent biochemical concept, therefore, needs to be adjusted to incorporate a newly discovered state of Nature based on melanin’s ability to dissociate water to produce energy and to re-form water from molecular hydrogen and oxygen. Recently we reported our findings regarding the potential implication of QIAPI-1 as a melanin precursor that has bioenergetics capabilities. Specifically, we reported its promising application as a means for treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This review report focuses on the long-term treatment medical effects of melanin in treating ROP.

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The Long-Term Effect of Medically Enhancing Melanin Intrinsic Bioenergetics Capacity in Prematurity

Current Genomics ◽

10.2174/1389202921999200417172817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 525-530

Author(s):

Arturo S. Herrera ◽

Paola E. Solís Arias ◽

María del C.A. Esparza ◽

Luis F.T. Bernal ◽

Andrey D. Bondarev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Hydrogen ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Term Effect ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Potential Implication ◽

Carbon Chains ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Promising Application

Background: The ability of the human body to produce metabolic energy from light modifies fundamental concepts of biochemistry. Objective: This review discusses the relationships between the long-accepted concept is that glucose has a unique dual role as an energy source and as the main source of carbon chains that are precursors of all organic matter. The capability of melanin to produce energy challenges this premise. Methods: The prevalent biochemical concept, therefore, needs to be adjusted to incorporate a newly discovered state of Nature based on melanin’s ability to dissociate water to produce energy and to reform water from molecular hydrogen and oxygen. Results and Discussion: Our findings regarding the potential implication of QIAPI-1 as a melanin precursor that has bioenergetics capabilities. Conclusion: Specifically, we reported its promising application as a means for treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The instant report focuses on the long-term treatment medical effects of melanin in treating ROP.

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Relationship Among Serum and Urine Neopterin, Fibrinogen, and Other Serum Analytes in Atherosclerotic Patients and the Long-term Effect of H.E.L.P. Therapy

Pteridines ◽

10.1515/pteridines.1999.10.4.190 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 190-196

Author(s):

Karoline Vrecko ◽

Manfred Walz ◽

Erwin Tafeit ◽

G. Reibnegger

Keyword(s):

Term Treatment ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Cellular Immune System ◽

Before And After ◽

Immune Activation Marker ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Serum And Urine

Summary In 30 atherosclerotic patients different serum analytes and neopterin concentrations in serum and urine were determined before and after Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal LDL and Fibrinogen Precipitation therapy. Neopterin concentrations in serum of all 30 patients were increased (mean=9.18 nmol/l, SD=3.23) compared to age matched healthy people (mean=5.34 nmol/l, SD=2.70) and were significantly lowered after H.E.L.P therapy (mean=S.22 nmol/l; SD=3.22, p=0.002, t-test) . These results suggest the involvement of the cellular immune system in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Further neopterin, the macrophagederived immune activation marker, is significantly correlated with fibrinogen (linear correlation coefficient r=0.36, p=0.05). Long-term neopterin concentrations in serum of 4 patients (three with coronary heart disease and one with Papilla edema), from the first up to the 9th, respectively 12th therapy decreased, in contrast to fibrinogen which stayed stable or even increased during long-term treatment.

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Long-term results of sirolimus treatment in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a single referral centre experience

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89562-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eva Revilla-López ◽

◽

Cristina Berastegui ◽

Alejandra Méndez ◽

Berta Sáez-Giménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Term Treatment ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Published Data ◽

Referral Centre ◽

Partial Responder ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Predicted Values

AbstractThere are few published data on long-term treatment with sirolimus in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). The objective of this study was to describe the long-term effect of sirolimus in a series of LAM patients followed up in a referral centre, focusing on pulmonary function. We retrospectively reviewed a series of 48 patients with LAM diagnosed, followed up and treated with sirolimus in a single centre. Response to sirolimus was evaluated at 1 and 5 years. A negative sirolimus response was defined as an FEV1 decline greater than − 75 ml/year. A mixed-effects model was used to estimate the longitudinal changes in FEV1 (average slope), both as absolute (ml/year) and as predicted values (%predicted/year). From a total of 48 patients, 9 patients underwent lung transplantation and 4 died during the study. Mean (95% CI) FEV1 slope over 5 years was − 0.14 (− 26.13 to 25.85) ml/year in the whole LAM group, 42.55 (14.87 to 70.22) ml/year in the responder group, − 54.00 (− 71.60 to − 36.39) ml/year in the partial responder group and − 84.19 (− 113.5 to − 54.0) ml/year in the non-responder group. After 5 years of sirolimus treatment 59% had a positive response, 30% had a partial response and 11% had a negative response. Our study found that sirolimus treatment had a positive long-term effect on most LAM patients.

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Long-Term Effect of Aromatase Inhibition in Aromatase Excess Syndrome

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A679-A679

Author(s):

Gerhard Binder ◽

Akie Nakamura ◽

Roland Schweizer ◽

Tsutomu Ogata ◽

Maki Fukami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tandem Duplication ◽

Low Dose ◽

Adult Height ◽

Bone Age ◽

Sporadic Case ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Sibling Pairs ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Long Term Treatment

Abstract Aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a very rare disorder characterized by prepubertal gynecomastia, bone age acceleration and early growth arrest. Heterozygote submicroscopic rearrangements within the promotor of CYP19A1 result in overexpression of aromatase and enhanced aromatization of androgens. Long-term treatment effects of aromatase inhibitors are unknown. Retrospectively we collected data from file records of 7 boys (three sibling pairs and one sporadic case) with AEXS. Genetic analysis revealed upstream of CYP19A1 a 165,901 bp deletion in 4 German cousins, a 198,662 bp deletion in 2 Japanese brothers and a 387,622 bp tandem duplication in a Japanese boy. All boys developed prepubertal gynecomastia, at 9.0 yr of age (median; range: 7.0 - 11.0). Height was +1.20 SDS (-0.24 - +1.98); predicted adult height was -1.29 (-3.29 - +1.09 SDS). Four boys were treated with anastrozole 1.0 mg daily, while three reached adult height untreated. Treatment with anastrozole was stopped after 5.6 yr (4.0 - 6.8). Three treated boys exceeded height prognosis by 2.4, 6.9 and 8.1 cm; while one untreated fell below prognosis by 8.6 cm. One treated with a low dose and two untreated reached their prognosis. Adult heights were -0.91 SDS with anastrozole (-2.86 - -0.29) and -0.15 SDS without (-2.31 - -0.03). Distance to target height was -0.22 SDS with anastrozole (-1.72 - +0.52) and +0.54 SDS without treatment (+0.23 - +1.30). Spontaneous growth in AEXS varied, even in the same family. Our data suggest that early started, long-term inhibition by aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (1 mg daily) promotes adult height in boys with AEXS.

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Long-term Effect of Aromatase Inhibition in Aromatase Excess Syndrome

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab054 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gerhard Binder ◽

Akie Nakamura ◽

Roland Schweizer ◽

Tsutomu Ogata ◽

Maki Fukami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tandem Duplication ◽

Low Dose ◽

Adult Height ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Bone Age ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Age Range

Abstract Context Aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a very rare disorder characterized by prepubertal gynecomastia, bone age acceleration, and early growth arrest. Heterozygote submicroscopic rearrangements within the promotor of CYP19A1 result in overexpression of aromatase and enhanced aromatization of androgens. Objective The objective was to study long-term treatment effects of an aromatase inhibitor. Methods Data from 7 boys with AEXS were retrospectively collected. Genetic analysis revealed upstream of CYP19A1 a 165 901 bp deletion in 4 German cousins, a 198 662 bp deletion in 2 Japanese brothers, and a 387 622 bp tandem duplication in a Japanese boy. Results All boys developed prepubertal gynecomastia, at median 9.0 years of age (range: 7.0-11.0). Height was +1.20 standard deviation score (SDS) (–0.24 to +1.98); predicted adult height was -1.29 SDS (-3.29 to +1.09). Four boys were treated with 1.0 mg of anastrozole daily, while 3 reached adult height untreated. Treatment with anastrozole was stopped after 5.6 years (4.0-6.8). Three treated boys exceeded their prognosis by 2.4, 6.9, and 8.1 cm, while 1 untreated boy fell below the prognosis by 8.6 cm. One treated with a low dose and 2 untreated reached their prognosis. Adult heights were –0.91 SDS with anastrozole (–2.86 to –0.29) and –0.15 SDS without (–2.31 to –0.03). Distance to target height was –0.22 SDS with anastrozole (–1.72 to +0.52) and +0.54 SDS without (+0.23 to +1.30). Conclusion Spontaneous growth in AEXS varied, even in the same family. Our data suggest that early started, long-term inhibition by anastrozole promotes adult height in boys with AEXS.

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Long-Term Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet on Diarrhoea- or Bloating-Predominant Functional Bowel Disease: Role of the ‘Low-Grade Coeliac Score’ and the ‘Coeliac Lymphogram’ in the Response Rate to the Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1812

Author(s):

Fernando Fernández-Bañares ◽

Beatriz Arau ◽

Agnès Raga ◽

Montserrat Aceituno ◽

Eva Tristán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Rate ◽

Term Effect ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Watery Diarrhoea ◽

Low Grade ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Long Term Treatment

1. Background: The long-term effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on functional bowel disorders (FBDs) has been scarcely studied. The aim was to assess the effect of a GFD on FBD patients, and to assess the role of both the low-grade coeliac score and coeliac lymphogram in the probability of response to a GFD. 2. Methods: 116 adult patients with either predominant diarrhoea or abdominal bloating, fulfilling Rome IV criteria of FBD, were treated with a GFD. Duodenum biopsies were performed for both pathology studies and intraepithelial lymphocyte subpopulation patterns. Coeliac lymphogram was defined as an increase in TCRγδ+ cells plus a decrease in CD3− cells. A low-grade coeliac score >10 was considered positive. 3. Results: Sustained response to GFD was observed in 72 patients (62%) after a median of 21 months of follow-up, who presented more often with coeliac lymphogram (37.5 vs. 11.4%; p = 0.02) and a score >10 (32 vs. 11.4%; p = 0.027) compared to non-responders. The frequency of low-grade coeliac enteropathy was 19.8%. 4. Conclusion: A GFD is effective in the long-term treatment of patients with previously unexplained chronic watery diarrhoea- or bloating-predominant symptoms fulfilling the criteria of FBD. The response rate was much higher in the subgroup of patients defined by the presence of both a positive low-grade coeliac score and coeliac lymphogram.

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