State-of-the-art MR Imaging of Fat-containing Focal Lesions of the Liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-442
Author(s):  
Joanna Podgorska ◽  
Agnieszka Anysz-Grodzicka ◽  
Andrzej Cieszanowski
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Hepatobiliary Phase ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Dysplastic Nodules ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Specific Finding ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Adrenal Rest ◽  
Mri Characteristics

Background: Fat can be identified in numerous liver lesions, and usually is not a specific finding. Distinguishing between different kinds of fatty deposits is an important part of differential diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is superior to other imaging techniques because it allows distinguishing intracellular from macroscopic fat. Discussion: Intracellular lipid may be found in focal hepatic steatosis, hepatic adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and, less commonly, in focal nodular hyperplasia as well as regenerative and dysplastic nodules. Macroscopic fat is seen in angiomyolipoma, lipoma, metastases from fatcontaining neoplasms, primary or metastatic liposarcoma, hydatid cyst, pseudolipoma of the Glisson capsule, pericaval fat collection, lipopeliosis, hepatic teratoma, focal hepatic extramedullary haematopoiesis and adrenal rest tumour. Conclusion: Liver nodules should be characterised with regard to underlying liver condition, MRI characteristics and contrast enhancement pattern, including hepatobiliary phase. In many cases, identification of fatty content may help narrowing the differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals CONTRAST-ENCHANCED ULTRASOUND IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA AND HEPATIC ADENOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Katrich ◽  
Nikolai S. Ryabinin ◽  
Sergey V. Polshikov ◽  
Nikita A. Katrich
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agent ◽  
Hepatocellular Adenoma ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia

Aim. To increase the effectiveness of the differential diagnosis of benign focal lesions of the liver using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the examination results of 37 patients with morphologically confi rmed liver benign tumors was carried out. According to the morphological data, the patients were divided into two groups: 22 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and 15 patients with hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). All the patients underwent multiparametric ultrasound examination using CEUS.Results. According to the obtained data, despite the nearly equal intensity of fi lling FNH and HCA with a contrast agent (96% and 80%, accordingly), FNH is characterized by an earlier contrasting (WASH IN) pattern in the arterial phase (AF), with the ‘onset of contrasting in the focus’ parameter being signifi cantly different from HCA (p<0.05). Specifi c signs of FNH included the following: the spoke-wheel pattern and an increased intensity of ultrasound contrast agent (USCA) accumulation — 96% of cases; ‘center-to-edge’ fi lling — 86% of cases. WASH-OUT is not a typical sign of FNA. A complete (100% of cases) and intensive (80% of cases) centripetal (80% of cases) fi lling is characteristic of HCA. No specifi c types of vascular pattern were observed. In 6 (40%) patients, WASH-OUT and ‘relative hyperechoic’ were detected in the portal phase.Conclusion. CEUS is established to be an effective method of the differential diagnosis of FNH and HCA. 

Can rate of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis be explained by clinical and MRI characteristics?

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Korteweg ◽  
M Rovaris ◽  
V Neacsu ◽  
M Filippi ◽  
G Comi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Characteristics

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized, besides focal lesions, by brain atrophy. The determinants of atrophy rates in individual patients are poorly understood. Aim This study investigated the predictive value of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) factors, including short-term changes thereof, for concurrent and future atrophy evolution using Spearman’s rank correlations and stepwise multiple linear regression. Methods We retrospectively identified a group of 115 active, early relapsing-remitting (RR) patients relatively homogeneous in terms of disease course and MRI activity compared to a second group of 96 patients with broader spectrum of MS phenotypes and inactive scans. All patients had undergone three MRI investigations with interscan intervals of at least 12 and 24 months, respectively. Results In the RR patients, 23% of variance in concurrent atrophy rates (over the first interval) could be explained by the combination of baseline T2 lesion volume and change in EDSS score over the first interval, whereas only 6% in future atrophy rates (over the second interval) was explained. In the heterogeneous group, 20.2% of the variance in future atrophy rates could be explained, but slightly less in concurrent atrophy rates (16.2%). Conclusion We concluded that variance in brain atrophy rates can partially be explained by clinical and MRI measures of disease. Future atrophy rates in individual MS patients are difficult to predict even when including previous atrophy rates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of imaging techniques and ca 19-9 in differential diagnosis of carcinoma and other focal lesions of pancreas

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Trifunovic ◽  
Ljubomir Muzikravic ◽  
Mladen Prvulovic ◽  
Svetlana Salma ◽  
Borislava Nikolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Antigen ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Focal Lesions

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most important imaging techniques in the diagnostics of pancreatic carcinoma and disease staging; they are also very useful in monitoring and follow-up of treatment efficacy. The problems with imaging diagnostics arise in certain cases of pancreatic focal lesions - for example in the differentiation of focal chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. Our objectives were the evaluation of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging reliability and determination of the importance of tumor antigen CA 19-9 in the diagnostics of pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS: Our investigation included patients with pancreatic focal mass suspected of malignancy. All patients were examined by ultrasonography, MR, and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. Cytopathologic examination of biopsied samples was used to diagnose the disease. Oncomarker levels CA 19-9 were assayed in all patients. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography examination made possible the correct diagnosis of carcinoma in case of 17 patients; in three patients with focal chronic pancreatitis the diagnosis was false positive. No case of false-negative diagnosis was found. The tumor antigen CA 19-9 in serum was determined and it was clearly positive (above 45U/ml) in all patients (17) with pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION: Imaging techniques gave good results in the evaluation of pancreatic pathology. However, when using imaging techniques differential diagnosis between focal chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma seems to be major problem. Correlation of imaging technique and determination of tumor antigen CA 19-9 has an important role in the diagnostics of pancreatic carcinoma. Imaging techniques and identification of tumor antigen CA 19-9 are complementary methods in the examination and diagnostics of pancreatic carcinoma and they allow better precision of diagnosis of pancreatic focal lesions.

Ultrasonic differential diagnostics of cyst and cystic tumors of the spleen

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
M. Z. Alimurzaeva ◽  
D. A. Ionkin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Cystic Tumors ◽  
Number Of Patients

The incidence of focal lesions in the spleen is 3.2–4.2% per 100,000 population. Spleen cysts are rare (incidence 0.75 per 100,000). These are single or multiple, thin- and smooth-walled cavities filled with a transparent liquid. Distinguish between primary (or true) cysts, lined with epithelium, and secondary (or false), devoid of epithelial lining. Among the primary cysts, there are congenital cysts formed in the embryonic period due to the migration of peritoneal cells into the spleen tissue, dermoid and epidermoid cysts. A special group of primary cysts are parasitic cysts. Cystic tumors of the spleen include lymphangioma and lymphoma.The main difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen are associated with the rarity of this pathology and, as a consequence, a small number of works, including a significant number of the cases. However, in those works where a large number of the cases are described, most often this is one morphological form and an analysis of its various characteristics.Purpose. Based on the analysis of our own examination data of a significant number of patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen, to assess the possibility of differential diagnosis of individual morphological forms according to ultrasound data.Materials and methods. 323 patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen from 15 to 77 years old (men – 105 (32.5%); women – 218 (67.5%) were treated at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery for the period from 1980 to 2020. All patients underwent ultrasound during examination. Surgical treatment was carried out in various ways – (85.1%), when making a preoperative diagnosis of an uncomplicated spleen cyst of small size, dynamic observation was carried out (verification by puncture biopsy data).Results. Morphological verification of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen was presented as follows (taking into account possible difficulties in identifying the epithelial lining): true cyst – 182 (56.4%); dermoid cyst – 3 (0.9%) (malignant – in 1 case); pseudocyst – 16 (5.0%); pancreatogenic – 34 (10.5%); echinococcus – 52 (16.1%); lymphangioma – 24 (7.4%); lymphoma – 10 (3.1%); ovarian cancer metastasis – 2 (0.6%). The article describes the ultrasound signs of the above forms of the lesions with an emphasis on the complexity of diagnosis.Conclusions. Primary and parasitic spleen cysts are well differentiated according to ultrasound; false cysts of the spleen, depending on the cause of their occurrence, can create difficulties in their identification and differentiation (they require careful dynamic control); cystic tumors of the spleen should be differentiated from malignant tumors and metastases of a cystic structure, as a result of which such vigilance should always be present when they are detected.

A Novel Secure and Robust encryption scheme for medical images

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyamol Chirakkarottu ◽  
Sheena Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Medical Images ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Health Care Applications ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Medical imaging encloses different imaging techniques and processes to image the human body for medical diagnostic and treatment purposes. Hence it plays an important role to improve public health. The technological development in biomedical imaging specifically in X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), nuclear ultrasound including Positron Emission Tomography (PET), optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide valuable information unique to a person. Objective: In health care applications, the images are needed to be exchanged mostly over wireless medium. The diagnostic images with confidential information of a patient need to be protected from unauthorized access during transmission. In this paper, a novel encryption method is proposed to improve the security and integrity of medical images. Methods: Chaotic map along with DNA cryptography is used for encryption. The proposed method describes a two phase encryption of medical images. Results: Performance of the proposed method is also tested by various analysis metrics. Robustness of the method against different noises and attacks is analyzed. Conclusion: The results show that the method is efficient and well suitable to medical images.

scholarly journals Pituitary MRI characteristics in 297 acromegaly patients based on T2-weighted sequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Potorac ◽  
Patrick Petrossians ◽  
Adrian F Daly ◽  
Franck Schillo ◽  
Claude Ben Slama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Maximal Diameter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Multimodal Management ◽  
Mri Characteristics ◽  
Weighted Sequences ◽  
The Relationship

Responses of GH-secreting adenomas to multimodal management of acromegaly vary widely between patients. Understanding the behavioral patterns of GH-secreting adenomas by identifying factors predictive of their evolution is a research priority. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the T2-weighted adenoma signal on diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acromegaly and clinical and biological features at diagnosis. An international, multicenter, retrospective analysis was performed using a large population of 297 acromegalic patients recently diagnosed with available diagnostic MRI evaluations. The study was conducted at ten endocrine tertiary referral centers. Clinical and biochemical characteristics, and MRI signal findings were evaluated. T2-hypointense adenomas represented 52.9% of the series, were smaller than their T2-hyperintense and isointense counterparts (P<0.0001), were associated with higher IGF1 levels (P=0.0001), invaded the cavernous sinus less frequently (P=0.0002), and rarely caused optic chiasm compression (P<0.0001). Acromegalic men tended to be younger at diagnosis than women (P=0.067) and presented higher IGF1 values (P=0.01). Although in total, adenomas had a predominantly inferior extension in 45.8% of cases, in men this was more frequent (P<0.0001), whereas in women optic chiasm compression of macroadenomas occurred more often (P=0.0067). Most adenomas (45.1%) measured between 11 and 20 mm in maximal diameter and bigger adenomas were diagnosed at younger ages (P=0.0001). The T2-weighted signal differentiates GH-secreting adenomas into subgroups with particular behaviors. This raises the question of whether the T2-weighted signal could represent a factor in the classification of acromegalic patients in future studies.

MRI features of responsible contacts in vascular compressive trigeminal neuralgia and prediction modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512098397
Author(s):  
Yufei Zhao ◽  
Jianhua Chen ◽  
Rifeng Jiang ◽  
Xue Xu ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Vascular Origin ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Characteristics

Background Multiple neurovascular contacts in patients with vascular compressive trigeminal neuralgia often challenge the diagnosis of responsible contacts. Purpose To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of responsible contacts and establish a predictive model to accurately pinpoint the responsible contacts. Material and Methods Sixty-seven patients with unilateral trigeminal neuralgia were enrolled. A total of 153 definite contacts (45 responsible, 108 non-responsible) were analyzed for their MRI characteristics, including neurovascular compression (NVC) grading, distance from pons to contact (Dpons-contact), vascular origin of compressing vessels, diameter of vessel (Dvessel) and trigeminal nerve (Dtrigeminal nerve) at contact. The MRI characteristics of the responsible and non-responsible contacts were compared, and their diagnostic efficiencies were further evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The significant MRI features were incorporated into the logistics regression analysis to build a predictive model for responsible contacts. Results Compared with non-responsible contacts, NVC grading and arterial compression ratio (84.44%) were significantly higher, Dpons-contact was significantly lower at responsible contacts ( P < 0.001, 0.002, and 0.033, respectively). NVC grading had a highest diagnostic area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.742, with a sensitivity of 64.44% and specificity of 75.00%. The logistic regression model showed a higher diagnostic efficiency, with an AUC of 0.808, sensitivity of 88.89%, and specificity of 62.04%. Conclusion Contact degree and position are important MRI features in identifying the responsible contacts of the trigeminal neuralgia. The logistic predictive model based on Dpons-contact, NVC grading, and vascular origin can qualitatively improve the prediction of responsible contacts for radiologists.

scholarly journals Design and Synthesis of Luminescent Lanthanide-Based Bimodal Nanoprobes for Dual Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Optical Imaging

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Walid Mnasri ◽  
Mahsa Parvizian ◽  
Souad Ammar-Merah
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Bimodal Imaging ◽  
Successive Image ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Current biomedical imaging techniques are crucial for the diagnosis of various diseases. Each imaging technique uses specific probes that, although each one has its own merits, do not encompass all the functionalities required for comprehensive imaging (sensitivity, non-invasiveness, etc.). Bimodal imaging methods are therefore rapidly becoming an important topic in advanced healthcare. This bimodality can be achieved by successive image acquisitions involving different and independent probes, one for each mode, with the risk of artifacts. It can be also achieved simultaneously by using a single probe combining a complete set of physical and chemical characteristics, in order to record complementary views of the same biological object at the same time. In this scenario, and focusing on bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging (OI), probes can be engineered by the attachment, more or less covalently, of a contrast agent (CA) to an organic or inorganic dye, or by designing single objects containing both the optical emitter and MRI-active dipole. If in the first type of system, there is frequent concern that at some point the dye may dissociate from the magnetic dipole, it may not in the second type. This review aims to present a summary of current activity relating to this kind of dual probes, with a special emphasis on lanthanide-based luminescent nano-objects.

scholarly journals Malformations of cortical development: current concepts and advanced neuroimaging review

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celi Santos Andrade ◽  
Claudia da Costa Leite
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Malformations Of Cortical Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Work Up

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) result from disruptions in the complex process of the human brain cortex formation and are highly associated to severe epilepsy, neurodevelopmental delay and motor dysfunction. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the cornerstone of the work-up of patients with epilepsy and modern advanced imaging techniques have improved not only our ability to detect and characterize cortical malformations, but also in identifying associated functional abnormalities that are far beyond the structural visualized lesions. Herein, we address the most currently used classifications of MCD and make a concise review of the embryological process of cortical development. Our main goal is to summarize recent advances and new trends in diagnostic imaging techniques concerning MCD. Thereafter, follows a brief discussion of specific disorders and their radiological features.

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