scholarly journals Propensity to Sexual Response among Adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Andrea Pozza ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Federico Mucci ◽  
Davide Dèttore
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Response ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Sexual Excitation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Performance Consequences

Background: Propensity to sexual excitation and inhibition is one of the key dimensions of sexuality. Clinicians working with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients rarely assess this and other aspects of sexuality, since treatment targets generally symptom reduction. Literature on sexual functioning in OCD patients is scarce and no study has focused on symptom subtypes, nor investigated the psychological processes related to sexual response. Objective: In the present short report, we describe an exploratory study investigating the association between symptom subtypes and propensity towards sexual excitation/inhibition in OCD patients, controlling for gender, age and antidepressant treatment. Methods: Seventy-two OCD patients (mean age = 34.50 years, 37.50% women) completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales. Results: Patients with more severe compulsive washing habit had a lower propensity towards excitation and a higher one towards inhibition due to threat of performance consequences (i.e., contamination with sexually transmitted diseases/having an unwanted pregnancy). Patients with more severe symptoms of checking showed a higher propensity towards inhibition due to the threat of performance consequences. Gender, age and antidepressant treatment were not related to sexual functioning. Conclusion: Specific OCD symptom subtypes may be associated with some psychological processes involved in sexual response. Sexual well-being should be carefully evaluated by practitioners and should be regarded as a treatment target. Future studies should investigate more comprehensively the processes involved in sexuality.

Sexual response in obsessive–compulsive disorder: the role of obsessive beliefs

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrea Pozza ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Federico Mucci ◽  
Nicole L. Angelo ◽  
Davide Prestia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Sexual Response ◽  
Dual Control ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Sexual Excitation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dual Control Model

Abstract Background. Sexual response in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) research and practice is overlooked. According to the Dual Control Model, satisfactory sexual response is based upon a balance of sexual excitation and inhibition. The assessment of sexual response in OCD may have clinical implications, such as the integration of sex therapy in psychotherapeutic intervention. The present study was aimed at comparing sexual excitation and inhibition levels between OCD patients and matched control subjects, and investigating whether obsessive beliefs might predict sexual excitation/inhibition. Methods. Seventy-two OCD patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 34.50 ± 10.39 years) and 72 matched control subjects (mean age ± SD: 34.25 ± 10.18) were included (62.50% men and 37.50% women in both groups). The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-46 (OBQ-46), and the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) were administered. Results. Patients with OCD showed significantly higher levels of sexual excitation, inhibition due to threat of performance failure, and inhibition due to threat of performance consequences than the controls. In addition, the patients with more severe symptoms showed lower excitation than those with less severe symptoms, and those with higher perfectionism had stronger inhibition due to threat of performance failure than those with lower perfectionism. Conclusions. This is the first study exploring sexual response in OCD according to the Dual Control Model. Sexual response is an impaired quality of life outcome in OCD that should be assessed in routine clinical practice. These findings support the importance of addressing specific obsessive beliefs to improve sexuality in OCD patients.

scholarly journals The role of disgust propensity and sensitivity on sexual excitation and inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pozza ◽  
Nicole L. Angelo ◽  
Davide Prestia ◽  
Davide Dèttore
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sexual Inhibition ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Sexual Excitation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Performance Consequences ◽  
Dual Control Model ◽  
Disgust Propensity

Sexuality is understudied in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). According to the Dual Control Model, low sexual excitation (SE) and high sexual inhibition (SI) are indicative of a higher probability of experiencing a sexual dysfunction. The present study investigated SE and SI in OCD patients compared with controls. It was hypothesized that OCD patients report lower SE and higher SI than controls. Given their potential role as inhibitors of sexual response, it was hypothesized that in the OCD group higher disgust propensity/sensitivity, contamination/washing symptoms, unacceptable thoughts, and obsessive beliefs predicted lower SE, higher SI due to Threat of Performance Failure, and higher SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences. Seventy-two OCD patients and 72 controls matched on gender/age completed the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-46, Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised, and Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales. OCD patients had higher SE, SI due to Threat of Performance Failure, and SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences than controls. In the OCD group, higher disgust sensitivity, SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences, and perfectionism predicted higher SI due to Threat of Performance Failure. Higher SI due to Threat of Performance Failure and contamination/washing symptoms predicted higher SI due to Threat of Performance Consequences. These findings highlight the presence of sexual difficulties in OCD patients, particularly a higher SE and SI. The latter is especially relevant in those patients with higher disgust sensitivity, contamination/washing symptoms and perfectionism. Psychotherapists should assess and target sexuality during clinicalpractice with OCD patients.

scholarly journals Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundSpecific cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are hypothesised to mediate the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but structural neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent.AimsTo conduct a meta-analysis of published and unpublished voxel-based morphometry studies in OCD.MethodTwelve data-sets comprising 401 people with OCD and 376 healthy controls met inclusion criteria. A new improved voxel-based meta-analytic method, signed differential mapping (SDM), was developed to examine regions of increased and decreased grey matter volume in the OCD group v. control group.ResultsNo between-group differences were found in global grey matter volumes. People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri. A descriptive analysis of quartiles, a sensitivity analysis as well as analyses of subgroups further confirmed these findings. Meta-regression analyses showed that studies that included individuals with more severe OCD were significantly more likely to report increased grey matter volumes in the basal ganglia. No effect of current antidepressant treatment was observed.ConclusionsThe results support a dorsal prefrontal–striatal model of the disorder and raise the question of whether functional alterations in other brain regions commonly associated with OCD, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, may reflect secondary compensatory strategies. Whether the reported differences between participants with OCD and controls precede the onset of the symptoms and whether they are specific to OCD remains to be established.

scholarly journals Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Sexuality: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Arpit Koolwal ◽  
Supriya Agarwal ◽  
Shivanand Manohar ◽  
Ghanshyam Das Koolwal ◽  
Anubha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Common ◽  
Entity Relationship

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the common psychiatric disorders. Despite being one of the basic aspects of biology, the sexual functioning in OCD patients has not received much attention, with there being very limited research on sexuality in these patients. In this review article, we try to take a look at the research on sexual functioning, sexual dysfunctions, and neurobiology of sexual dysfunctions in the anxiety disorders in general and in OCD specifically. We also take a look at the research on relationship functioning in the patients with OCD, a recently proposed entity, relationship-related obsessive compulsive phenomenon, at the sexual obsessions, and the sexual functioning in patients on active treatment for OCD. The overall research suggests that we should always take into account the sexual life and functioning of patients presenting with OCD.

Relative Frequency of OCD in People with Malocclusion Class I Requiring Orthodontic Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Keshvarifard ◽  
Mehdi Rafiei ◽  
Susan Sadeghian ◽  
Hadi Farhadi ◽  
Nafiseh Shirani
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Class I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Facial Esthetics

Introduction: The Malocclusion or misalignment of teeth affects not only oral function but also facial esthetics and the psychological well-being of patients. In addition, obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychological disorder associated with anxiety involving 2-2.5% of the population during their life. This study aimed to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients having class I malocclusion with crowding. Materials & Methods: In this case-control trial, Using the Yale-Brown questionnaire, female patients with 18-22 years old of ages having class I crowding malocclusion and referring to orthodontic department of Azad Dental school enrolled in the trial as the case group (n = 60). The participants with similar malocclusion without reference for orthodontic treatments followed up as the control group (n = 60). The obtained data by Yale-Brown questionnaire classified the obsessive-compulsive disorder in the participants into four groups of mild, fairly mild, moderate and severe levels. The results of the two groups were analyzed using the Chi-square test (p value < 0.05). Results: In malocclusion patients referring for orthodontic treatments, 19 (31.7%) had mild OCD; 7 (11.7%) had fairly mild OCD; 23 (38.3%) had moderate OCD and 11 (18.3%) showed severe OCD. These values were 28 (46.7%); 12 (20.0%); 15 (25.0%) and 5 (8.3%) for malocclusion patients not referring for orthodontic patients respectively. No significant differences were found among 2 groups regarding severity of OCD (p value = 0.07). Conclusion: In terms of the severity of OCD, there were no significant variations between malocclusion patients with and without referring for orthodontic treatments.

scholarly journals Treatment Adherence as Predictor of Outcome in Concentrated Exposure Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Tjelle ◽  
Håvard Berg Opstad ◽  
Stian Solem ◽  
Gunvor Launes ◽  
Bjarne Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Exposure And Response Prevention ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Exposure Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background: The treatment of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is exposure and response prevention (EX/RP). Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment adherence predicts treatment outcome for patients with OCD, but there is little knowledge on its role in concentrated exposure treatment for OCD.Method: In the present study, 42 patients received EX/RP treatment using the Bergen 4-day format. Adherence was measured with the Exposure and Response Prevention Adherence Scale (PEAS, rated both by patients and therapists) after the second and third day. Treatment outcome (symptoms of OCD, depression, anxiety, work- and social functioning, and well-being) was assessed at 3-month follow-up.Results: At follow-up, 71.4% were in remission. High adherence was reported (mean score of 6 on a 1–7 scale). The combination of patient- and therapist rated adherence was significantly associated with treatment outcome whilst controlling for age, sex, and pre-treatment scores. Patients with higher degree of adherence reported less symptoms, higher functioning, and more well-being at follow-up.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that adherence in concentrated exposure treatment is significantly associated with a wide range of treatment outcomes for OCD.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Quality of Life and Coping Strategy in Depression and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunzes ◽  
Singh. R.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Coping

Quality of life includes the physical, functional, social and emotional well being of an individual. Coping strategy is one’s flexibility in using different strategies according to the multiple situational demands is sown in empirical research to have an overall reduction in observable stress (Sideridus, 2006). The poor quality of life is associated with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. Thus, the present study aims to see the quality of life and copying strategies in depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. It consists of 30 participants purposively selected from government hospitals across Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad. The participants were assigned in two groups’ i.e Depression (15) and OCD (15). The respondents were assessed using quality of life questionnaire, Y-BOCS severity scale, Beck depression inventory and coping strategy inventory which was administered individually. There is no significant difference between the two groups on Coping Strategies and Quality of Life. It is found that Cognitive Restructuring and Social Support are negatively correlated with Depression. There is significant negative correlation between Problem Focused Engagement, Emotion Focused Engagement, cognitive strategy, Engagement, Quality of Life with depression. Whereas it shows no significant correlation between OCD and coping strategy and OCD and Quality of Life.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Gender Differences in Sexual Arousal of Patients With OCD: The Moderator Roles of Attachment and Contamination Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Dèttore ◽  
Nicole Loren Angelo ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Federico Mucci ◽  
Davide Prestia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Sexual Inhibition ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Sexual Excitation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Performance Consequences ◽  
Gender Based

Sexual arousal is often impaired in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the factors related to this impairment: no study focused on the role of gender-based effects of attachment styles and contamination symptoms. The Dual Control Model assumes three processes driving sexual arousal: sexual excitation (SE), sexual inhibition (SI) due to threat of performance failure, and SI due to threat of performance consequences (e.g., getting contaminated with sexually transmitted diseases). In a group of OCD patients, we hypothesized that (a) women report lower SE and higher SI than men; (b) patients with insecure (both anxious and avoidant) attachment styles show lower SE and higher SI; (c) attachment styles moderate the relation between gender and sexual arousal (respectively, for women, higher attachment anxiety, and for men higher attachment avoidance were related to impaired sexual arousal (higher SE and SI) controlling for OCD severity); and (d) contamination symptoms moderate the relation between gender and sexual impairment (women with contamination symptoms show impaired sexual arousal). Seventy-two OCD patients (37.50% women) completed the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Attachment Styles Questionnaire and Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales. In contrast with our hypotheses, women reported higher SE and lower SI due to threat of performance consequences than men. Patients with higher attachment avoidance (discomfort with intimacy) but also confidence in self and others had higher SE. Women with attachment avoidance (i.e., discomfort with intimacy) had lower SE, while women with attachment anxiety (i.e., preoccupations with relationships) had higher SI due to negative performance consequences. Women with contamination symptoms had higher SI due to performance failure but lower SI due to performance consequences. The present preliminary findings suggest that sexual arousal impairment should be evaluated during the assessment of OCD patients, and gender-based effects of attachment styles and contamination symptoms should be considered during personalized treatment planning.

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