A Rare Tooth Anomaly (Double Teeth) in Deciduous Teeth: A Case Report

Introduction: The Size and shape of the teeth are genetic characteristics. Anomaly in tooth size and shape is due to disturbances in a sequence of morph differentiation and his to differentiation in tooth bud formation periods and is more common in permanent dentition than deciduous teeth. The most common tooth size discrepancy is in the upper lateral incisor and upper and lowers 2nd premolar teeth. About 5% of malocclusions are due to tooth size discrepancy. For having the best occlusion, we must have the appropriate size and shape of teeth. As there is a relation between deciduous and permanent teeth, proper evaluation and timely intervention are essential for achieving a good occlusion in anterior and posterior segments of permanent teeth. Thus we need interceptive orthodontic in mixed dentition period with a good treatment plan for removing the malformed tooth at the proper time and appliance therapy for eruption guidance of other teeth. Case Report: A rare tooth anomaly (double teeth) in deciduous teeth: The case reported here is a 9- years old boy with a delayed eruption of the right lower permanent lateral incisor and gemination of lower right deciduous canine and crowded upper incisors that refer to the orthodontic department of dental school of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences on7th October of 2020. Conclusion: After creating patient’s file, the further steps of molding from the patient and gathering all diagnostic records such as panoramic radiography, intraoral photography was carried out and ordered to remove the malformed baby tooth afterward. In the next stage, on the patient’s treatment, we installed a strap onto the patient’s first permanent molars, remolded them, then created a lingual arch to maintain the vegetative space in the lower permanent canine and prevent its collapse, and increased the patient’s overbite.

Prevalence of Malocclusions in Autistic Patients in Isfahan

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interaction and communication with repetitive and restrictive stereotyped behavioral patterns. The Prevalence of autism has been reported to be increased in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of malocclusion among ASD patients in Isfahan in 2018. Materials & Methods: In a descriptive and cross-sectional trial, 92 ASD patients were studied in the age range of 7-18 years at the center for autism patients in Isfahan. Clinical oral examinations of patients are taken to assess the involved malocclusions (Cl I, Cl II and Cl III malocclusions) and malocclusion traits (deep bite, open bite and cross bite) by an educated dental student under the supervision of an orthodontist under natural light. The data are reported using frequency and percentage indices. Results: Class I malocclusion had the highest prevalence 54.3% (50) among ASD patients and the prevalence of class II and class III were found to be 19.6% (18) and 7.6% (7) respectively. The frequency of malocclusions traits of deep bite, cross bite and the open bite were 27.2% (25), 18.5% (17) and 7.6% (7) respectively. Among of the total patients, 65.2% (60) showed normal bite and 18/5% (17) showed Normal occlusion. Conclusion: ASD patients showed class I, class II and class III malocclusions from the most to least frequency and the most frequent malocclusion traits were also deep bite, cross bite and open bite respectively.

The Usage of Evidence-Based Dentistry among Postgraduate Student of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Our current era is the age of information exploration and innovation that has given us a good opportunity to use evidence-based information, so this study aimed to evaluate the use of Evidence-Based Dentistry in Isfahan Dental School in 2018. Materials & Methods: The sampling method of this study was census and, the number of faculty assistants was 50. The method of collecting this information was through a questionnaire Regarding fulfillment of ethical manners in this study, participants were not required to mention their names and personal characteristics, and only if they consented participate in the study, a questionnaire was provided to them. Man withny analysis and Spear man correlation were used to evaluate the relation between EBD (Evidence Based Dentistry) according to their gender. Results: In the current evaluation, it was observed that 19 dentists (36.5%) were female and 33 (63.5%) were male. Most residents (63.5%) sometimes use evidence-based dentistry, 11 cases (21.2%) rarely and 8 cases (15.3%) using this technique always. About the frequency distribution of resources used by residents to answer questions in dealing with patients, the highest frequency (65.4%) was related to “textbooks or questions from clinical teachers” as well as “translated reference books” and the least Frequency (13.5%) was related to “Search other databases”. Conclusion: Based on the findings in this section, the use of evidence-based medicine among residents is low.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of General Dentists and Dental Students of Isfahan University about the Principles of Biopsy

Introduction: Biopsy is the most accurate way to make a definitive diagnosis, based on which the prognosis and treatment plan can be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general dentists and dental students about the principles of biopsy. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on 188 general dentists and 93 senior dental students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences using a questionnaire. Then data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test) in all tests, the significance level is considered 0.05). Results: The mean score of dentists’ knowledge was 4.62 ± 1.42 and, the mean score of students’ knowledge was 4.96 ± 1.77 out of 8 points. The knowledge of dentists who had participated in retraining courses was higher than that of dentists who had not attended any biopsy retraining and was statistically significant (p value > 0.001).The mean score of dentists’ attitude (39.6 ± 4.06) was higher than the students’ (37.05 ± 3.06). Conclusion: Level of knowledge and attitude of dentists and students about the principles of biopsy was moderate. Their performance was also poor and most of the dentists expressed a lack of necessary skills for not doing a biopsy. This study shows the need for educational programs related to the principles of biopsy, in the form of retraining courses and more emphasis on the student curriculum.

Relative Frequency of OCD in People with Malocclusion Class I Requiring Orthodontic Treatment

Introduction: The Malocclusion or misalignment of teeth affects not only oral function but also facial esthetics and the psychological well-being of patients. In addition, obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychological disorder associated with anxiety involving 2-2.5% of the population during their life. This study aimed to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients having class I malocclusion with crowding. Materials & Methods: In this case-control trial, Using the Yale-Brown questionnaire, female patients with 18-22 years old of ages having class I crowding malocclusion and referring to orthodontic department of Azad Dental school enrolled in the trial as the case group (n = 60). The participants with similar malocclusion without reference for orthodontic treatments followed up as the control group (n = 60). The obtained data by Yale-Brown questionnaire classified the obsessive-compulsive disorder in the participants into four groups of mild, fairly mild, moderate and severe levels. The results of the two groups were analyzed using the Chi-square test (p value < 0.05). Results: In malocclusion patients referring for orthodontic treatments, 19 (31.7%) had mild OCD; 7 (11.7%) had fairly mild OCD; 23 (38.3%) had moderate OCD and 11 (18.3%) showed severe OCD. These values were 28 (46.7%); 12 (20.0%); 15 (25.0%) and 5 (8.3%) for malocclusion patients not referring for orthodontic patients respectively. No significant differences were found among 2 groups regarding severity of OCD (p value = 0.07). Conclusion: In terms of the severity of OCD, there were no significant variations between malocclusion patients with and without referring for orthodontic treatments.

Evaluation of Knowledge and Practice of Dentists in Yazd about Tooth Preparation Principles of Abutment Teeth for a Metal-Ceramic Crown in 2019

Introduction: Improper tooth preparation in a fixed metal-ceramic prosthesis leads to a prosthesis construction with an insufficient thickness of porcelain or too thick porcelain on the base metal structure. The present designed study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of dentists in Yazd about the basic principles of tooth preparation for the metal-ceramic veneer. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A valid and reliable questionnaire containing personal information, seven knowledge questions, and six practice questions was designed. After confirmation, it was distributed and collected among general dentists in Yazd in 2019. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results: 177 dentists answered Questionnaires. Average knowledge scores were 4.50 ± 1.51 out of 7 and mean performance scores were 4.59 ± 0.81 out of 6. The knowledge of the group under 30 years old was higher than the group of 30 to 39 (p value = 0.017). Differences in participants’ performance scores based on age groups weren’t significant (p value = 0.827). Women had higher knowledge than men (p value = 0.029). But no difference was observed in the performance scores of the two genders (p value = 0.092). According to work experience, there were no significant differences in Comparison of knowledge, practice scores and participation in additional courses (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge of Yazd dentists and their level of practice have been moderate and favorable. In some areas, lack of knowledge and practice were significant. It also seems that the current postgraduate courses don’t have much impact on the knowledge and practice of dentists. Therefore it’s necessary to correct and update these courses.

Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude of Kindergarten Teachers about Primary Tooth Trauma in Khorramabad City

Introduction: Injury to both the primary and permanent dentitions is one of the most common dental problems. The prognosis of dental trauma depends on the basic measures taken immediately after trauma. This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge, the attitude of kindergarten coaches about primary teeth trauma in Khorramabad city. Materials & Methods: In this Cross-sectional study, 100 kindergarten coaches in Khorramabad participated in this study in 2019-2020. A valid and reliable confirmed questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients and independent t-test (p value < 0.05). Results: In this study, the mean score of coaches’ attitude was 68.5 and the mean score of knowledge was 34.9. In the present study, the factors of gender, age, level of education had no significant relationship with their knowledge score (p value > 0.05) and attitude, but between work experience with knowledge scores (p value = 0.02) and attitude (p value = 0.004) and so between the level of knowledge (p value = 0.004) and attitude (p value = 0.008) and passing the dental emergency training course, a direct relationship was observed. In this study, there was a significant relationship 64% of the coaches experienced dental trauma and their mean score of knowledge (p value = 0.04) and attitude (p value = 0.001) was significantly higher than other coaches. Conclusion: The assessed level of dental knowledge of the coaches participating in this study was poor, whereas their attitude about primary tooth trauma was good. The great suggestion is to hold educational programs in this regard to increase the level of knowledge of kindergarten coaches in the field of dental trauma.

Evaluation of Periodontal Status in the Patients with Various Blood Groups Referred to Dental School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2018

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the periodontal condition in the patients with various blood groups referred to the dental school, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, in 2018. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 970 patients referred to the dental school, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Medical history was obtained and blood groups were determined. The assessed periodontal indices, included gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and there were three divided groups of patients based on it: healthy ones, patients with gingivitis, and periodontitis. Then, the probable association between the type of periodontal disease, ABO blood groups and Rh factor was analyzed by Chi-squared test. P-value of 0.05 considerations was statistically significant. Results: Among 970 patients, the most frequent blood groups in healthy individuals, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis were Group A, B, and O, respectively. The AB blood group had the least frequency in all three groups. Rh+ factor was significantly more prevalent in all three groups. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between blood group and Rh factor with periodontal disease (p value < 0.0001, p value = 0.022). Conclusion: According to the results, the blood groups B and O showed a higher percentage in gingivitis and periodontitis groups respectively, while the blood group AB showed the least percentage of periodontal disease. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between periodontal disease with the blood group and Rh factor.

Accuracy of Working Length Determination of Curved Canal Using Digital and Film-Based Radiography

Introduction: Digital and film-based radiography are the most common methods of working length determination. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of working length determination of curved canals using digital and film-based radiography. Materials & Methods: This experimental and interventional study, included forty teeth with curved canals conducted at the Dentistry Faculty of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, in 2018. After access cavity preparation, the direct observation method of the apical tip of the file in the root apex determined the actual working length. Teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks. Canal curvature was calculated based on Schneider’s method using software of indirect digital radiography. Images gathered by E-speed film and digital sensors. A pre-curved file was used to measure the working length of film-based images. In digital radiography, a digital caliper was used to measure the working length with three and six clicks. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis, paired t-test, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. The Level of significance was set at 0.001. Results: All groups overestimated the actual length although there weren’t any significant differences (p value > 0.05). Paired t-test didn’t show any significant differences between digital and film-based groups (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: Considering several advantages of digital radiography over the film-based method, it is the preferred method for working length determination of curved canals.

Survey of Parents' Awareness of How to Immediately Deal with Dental Injuries in Zanjan

Introduction: Proper exposure and management of removed tooth from the alveolar sac are essential to ensure its long-term prognosis. This study aimed to assess the parents’ knowledge about damaged and avulsed teeth and their immediate treatment in children aged 6-12 years in Zanjan. Collected data using a standard information questionnaire. Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 1397 from all areas of Zanjan city in a systematic circular method 19 primary schools for girls were selected. A 23-item questionnaire was distributed among all grades one through six to assess parents’ awareness of how to deal with dental trauma in these schools. Chi-square statistical test was used to analyze the data. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: 44.6% of parents had previous exposure to dental injuries, and 71.9% of them declared the removed tooth from the alveolar sac to be unsustainable. More than 50% go to the dentist if they notice looseness and bleeding with contusions, broken crowns and dislodged teeth. 92.9% of parents expressed their interest in training for more information on how to deal with dental injuries. Conclusion: Parents with the diploma and university education had more information about trauma and avulsion. Most parents were unaware of the proper intermediate environment for the location of the tooth, and most parents declared the tooth removed from the alveolar sac unsuitable.