Color Stability of Composites After Short-term Oral Simulation: An in vitro Study

Background:Although most of the studies investigated color stability of different restorative materials, evaluation of color stability of composites after immersion in multiple beverages in the same day by anin vitrooral simulation study is unclear.Objective:To assess color change of different restorative materials at the end of days 1, 14, and 30 of immersion in multiple liquid types to mimic the oral environmentin vitro.Method:Ten disc-shaped specimens were made from each of four different resin composites (Filtek Z250, Voco x-tra base, Beautifil Flow Plus, Beautifil II). Baseline color value of each sample was measured using a spectrophotometer. Each composite was respectively immersed in coffee, an orange/pomegranate juice mixture, black tea, and a mouth rinse on the same day to mimic daily liquid consumption of individuals. Color measurements were taken after 1, 14, and 30 days by spectrophotometer and color change values were calculated. Statistical analyses were executed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey HSD and repeated-measures ANOVA.Results:All materials showed significant color change after 1, 14, and 30 days (P< 0.01) of immersion in liquids, with the lowest color alteration observed at the 1stday and the highest observed after the 30thday. Among the materials tested, at each time point (1, 14, and 30 days), the lowest color alteration was detected in Filtek Z250 and the highest color alteration was detected in Beautifil II.Conclusion:Color alteration of composite resins is affected by composite type and storage time. With the exception of 1 day of storage, color changes of all materials were substantial and clinically unacceptable.

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The Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Color Stability of Ceromer and Porcelain Restorative Materials In Vitro

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/11-436-l ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. E1-E8 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

HB Kara ◽

F Aykent ◽

B Ozturk

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Color Stability ◽

Color Changes ◽

Bleaching Procedure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

The Difference

SUMMARY Purpose The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the color changes of five different restorative materials after exposing these materials to two different home bleaching agents. Methods This study applied bleaching agents to an ultralow-fusing porcelain, a low-fusing porcelain, two types of heat-pressed glass ceramics, and a ceromer. A total of 24 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated (with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm) from each material (n=12). The initial color measurements were taken with a spectrophotometer. The first set of specimens were bleached with 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for one hour daily for 10 days. The other set of specimens were bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel for eight hours daily for 14 days. Data were analyzed with the one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The difference in the prebleaching and postbleaching color of each material was considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results The study found a statistically significant difference among the color changes of the test groups after exposing them to both bleaching agents (p<0.05). Appreciable color change was observed in the Estenia (ΔE=3.99) specimens that were bleached with the HP, and noticeable color changes were observed in the Estenia (ΔE=1.89) and IPS Empress 2 (ΔE=1.66) groups when they were treated with the CP. Conclusions Restorations (especially polymer-containing restorative materials) should be protected before any bleaching procedure due to the high risk of color change.

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Color Stability of Bulk Fill Composite Resins Submitted to Coffee Staining

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i1.2304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Beatriz Maria Arruda ◽

Julio Cesar Bassi ◽

Rafael Pino Vitti ◽

Renata Siqueira Scatolin

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Color Change ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Color Stability ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Change Analysis ◽

Cie Lab

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of different bulk fill composite resins after extrinsic staining with coffee. Material and methods: Forty-eight disk-shaped specimens (6 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) of each composite resin were prepared for color change test. The composite resins were divided into 4 groups (n=12): one conventional composite resin (Filtek Z250) and three bulk-fill composite resins (Filtek Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill, and Opus Bulk Fill). The samples were stained with 20 mL coffee solution for 7 days, with the solution being replaced every 24 h. The color change analysis was performed using a spectrophotometer, according to the CIE Lab formula. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (?=0.05). Results: The results revealed significant differences in color change among the composite resins tested (?<0.0001). The Aura Bulk Fill and Opus Bulk Fill showed the highest color change values. Conclusions: Thus, all the resins analyzed were susceptible to extrinsic staining with coffee, and the Filtek Bulk Fill showed the lowest color change value.

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In Vitro Efficacy of Listerine Whitening Mouthwash for Color Recovery of Two Discolored Composite Resins

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v16i3.1589 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haleh Kazemi Yazdi ◽

Negin Nasoohi ◽

Mahla Benvidi

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Significant Role ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Color Change ◽

Color Stability ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Primary Color ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis

Objectives: Color stability of composite resins has a significant role in their durability and clinical service. Considering the increasing use of composite resins and their gradual discoloration, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of Listerine whitening mouthwash for color recovery of two discolored composite resins. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was performed on 20 samples fabricated of Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) composite resins. Primary colorimetry was performed using a spectrophotometer. The samples were immersed in a coffee drink for 7 days. They were then immersed in Listerine mouthwash for 4 minutes daily for 56 days. After this period, the color change of composite resins was reevaluated. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test. Results: The primary color change of Z350XT after immersion in coffee was 1.6 times greater than that of IPS composite (P<0.0001). The color recovery of IPS and Z350XT after immersion in the mouthwash was 1.06±0.58 (P<0.01) and 2.58±1.65 (P<0.001) units, respectively. The color change of Z350XT after exposure to the mouthwash was 25% (1.4 times) greater than that of IPS (P<0.01). Conclusion: Both composite resins experienced a clinically unacceptable discoloration after exposure to coffee (∆E>3.3). Filtek Z350XT showed greater color change than IPS. Use of Listerine whitening mouthwash caused significant color recovery in both composite resins.

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Discoloration of different esthetic restorative materials: A spectrophotometric evaluation

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_313_16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Matteo Ceci ◽

Matteo Viola ◽

Davide Rattalino ◽

Riccardo Beltrami ◽

Marco Colombo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Wine ◽

Color Change ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Color Stability ◽

Surface Roughening ◽

Multiple Comparison Test ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Group A

ABSTRACT Objective: A crucial property of esthetic restorative materials is their long-term color stability. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic restorative materials (one microfilled flowable composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanoybrid composite, one microfilled composite, and one nanoybrid ormocer-based composite) after surface roughening with cola and exposure to different staining solutions (coffee and red wine).Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings (2 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm) to obtain 150 specimens identical in size. Seventy-five specimens of Group A were first exposed to cola for 24 h, and then samples were immersed in coffee or red wine over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation, according to the CIE L*a*b* system, was performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means were compared with Scheffe's multiple comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance.Results: Specimens of Group A showed higher variations when compared with Group B's specimens (P < 0.05). After 28 days, the immersion protocols caused a clinically perceivable color change for all materials tested (P < 0.05). CeramX Universal and Admira Fusion showed the lowest ΔE variations (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Staining beverages caused significant discolorations for all the materials tested. The first exposure to cola enhanced the subsequent staining with coffee or red wine. Nanohybrid composites reported the lowest color variations.

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Effects of Acidic Beverages on Color Stability of Bulk-Fill Composites with Different Viscosities

Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.15517/ijds.2022.49149 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 338-347

Author(s):

Soner Şişmanoğlu ◽

Görkem Sengez

Keyword(s):

Orange Juice ◽

Color Change ◽

Color Space ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Color Stability ◽

Color Difference ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Acidic Beverages

The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the effects of acidic beverages on the discoloration of bulk-fill composites with different viscosities. 144 disc-shaped specimens (8mm diameter × 2mm thick) were prepared from four different composite resins including a nanohybrid (Filtek Ultimate), two packable bulk-fill (Filtek Bulk Fill, Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill), and a flowable bulk-fill composite (Tetric N Flow Bulk Fill). The specimens of each group were divided into 3 subgroups and submerged in distilled water, orange juice and coke (n=12). Color difference (∆E) were measured using CIELab color space and a compact spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade) at baseline and after 30 days of immersion. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests (P<0.05). Two-way ANOVA revealed that both material type and staining solution significantly influenced ∆E values (P<0.001). Immersion in orange juice resulted in greater and significant discoloration over time in comparison to distilled water and coke (P<0.05). Tetric N Ceram (∆E=7.0) and Tetric N Flow (∆E=7.7) bulk-fill restoratives showed highest color change values after 30 days of immersion in orange juice. This study suggests that a discoloration above the clinically acceptable threshold (∆E>2.7) was observed for all bulk-fill composites tested. It can be speculated that orange juice has a more negative effect on the color stability compared to coke. Additionally, flowable bulk-fill composite was more prone to discoloration than condensable bulk-fill composites.

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In vitro study of color stability of polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramic brackets

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.114-121.oar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 114-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cibele Braga de Oliveira ◽

Luiz Guilherme Martins Maia ◽

Ary Santos-Pinto ◽

Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Júnior

Keyword(s):

Red Wine ◽

Color Change ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Color Stability ◽

Black Tea ◽

Color Changes ◽

Ceramic Brackets ◽

Dye Solutions

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze color stability of monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets after immersion in dye solutions. METHODS: Seven ceramic brackets of four commercial brands were tested: Two monocrystalline and two polycrystalline. The brackets were immersed in four dye solutions (coffee, red wine, Coke and black tea) and in artificial saliva for the following times: 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Color changes were measured by a spectrophotometer. Data were assessed by Multivariate Profile Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Comparison Tests of means. RESULTS: There was a perceptible change of color in all ceramic brackets immersed in coffee (ΔE* Allure = 7.61, Inspire Ice = 6.09, Radiance = 6.69, Transcend = 7.44), black tea (ΔE* Allure = 6.24, Inspire Ice = 5.21, Radiance = 6.51, Transcend = 6.14) and red wine (ΔE* Allure = 6.49, Inspire Ice = 4.76, Radiance = 5.19, Transcend = 5.64), but no change was noticed in Coke and artificial saliva (ΔE < 3.7). CONCLUSION: Ceramic brackets undergo color change when exposed to solutions of coffee, black tea and red wine. However, the same crystalline structure, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, do not follow the same or a similar pattern in color change, varying according to the bracket fabrication, which shows a lack of standardization in the manufacturing process. Coffee dye produced the most marked color changes after 21 days of immersion for most ceramic brackets evaluated.

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