scholarly journals Prevalence of Known and Unknown Primary Tumor Sites In Spinal Metastasis Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Permsak Paholpak ◽  
Winai Sirichativapee ◽  
Taweechok Wisanuyotin ◽  
Weerachai Kosuwon ◽  
Polasak Jeeravipoolvarn
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Skeletal Metastasis ◽  
Primary Carcinoma ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Visceral Metastasis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean

Study Design: A retrospective study. Objectives: Three objectives have been designated for this study: (1) to determine the prevalence of identifiable and non-identifiable primary tumor sites in patients with spinal metastasis, (2) to identify the most common site of the known primary tumor sites, and (3) to identify the factors associated with survival time. Summary of Background Data: The spine is the third most common metastatic site for several primary visceral carcinomas. The primary tumor site could not be identified in 15% to 20% of patients who had been diagnosed of with a skeletal metastasis. Most of the previous studies on skeletal metastasis have not been limited to spinal metastasis alone. Methods: Between January 2007 and July 2011 reviews were done for 82 patients with spinal metastasis who had not received a previous diagnosis of carcinoma. The assessment parameters included the following: general demographic data, Karnofsky score, Frankel score, number of spinal vertebra affected, region of the spine affected by metastasis, other skeletal metastasis site, visceral metastasis, known or unknown primary sites of metastasis, histological cell type of metastasis, and the survival period. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were used to study the survival analysis. Results: Of the 82 patients included in the study, 56 were male. The mean age was 57 years. 86.6% had a known primary carcinoma site while the remaining 13.4% had none. The two most common known carcinoma sites were the lung and biliary systems. Among the 11 unknown primary sites, the most common histological finding was adenocarcinoma. The mean survival period was 8.7 ± 11.7 months. The survival analysis revealed two statistically significant factors: the primary tumor site’s aggressiveness (P<0.005) and the presence of visceral metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of identifiable primary site was 86.6% and the most common site was the lungs followed by the biliary system. The primary carcinoma site’s aggressiveness and the presence of visceral metastasis were the factors associated with patient survival.

scholarly journals UNKNOWN PRIMARY TUMOR SITES IN SPINAL METASTASIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Priscila Barile Marchi Candido ◽  
Rômulo Pedroza Pinheiro ◽  
Fernanda Maris Peria ◽  
Vinicius Nogueira Toledo ◽  
Herton Rodrigo Tavares Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary Tumor ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Primary Tumor Site ◽  
Epidural Compression

ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of the study was to report the prevalence of spinal metastasis with unknown primary tumor, clinical features, treatment results and patient survival. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 103 patients with spinal metastasis and epidural compression, who underwent surgical treatment between March 2009 and August 2015. The prevalence of metastatic spinal tumor with unknown primary tumor was evaluated, as well clinical features, survival and treatment results. Results: Of 103 patients with spinal metastasis and epidural compression, seven patients (6.8%) with unknown primary tumor site were identified; five (71.4%) male and two (28.6%) female, with ages ranging from 37 to 67 years (50.7 years). The metastasis was located in the thoracic spine in six of the patients (85.7%) and in the cervical spine in one (14.3%). The mean survival time was 44.8 days. Conclusion: Spinal metastasis with unknown primary tumor was found in 6.8% of patients. The prognosis and outcomes were poor, and patients had poor survival rates. Level of evidence III; Experimental study.

scholarly journals Does knowledge of the primary tumour affect survival after surgery for spinal metastatic disease? A retrospective longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e050538
Author(s):  
Christian Carrwik ◽  
Claes Olerud ◽  
Yohan Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary Tumour ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesTo compare survival after surgery for patients with spinal metastatic disease with known primary tumour (KPT) versus patients with unknown primary tumour (UPT).Participants393 patients 18 years or older (270 men and 123 women, mean age 67.3 years) undergoing surgery at Uppsala University Hospital in Swedenbetween 2006 and 2016due to spinal metastatic disease . 271 patients (69%) had a KPT at the time of surgery and 122 (31%) had an UPT.InterventionsDecompressive and/or stabilising spine surgery due to spinal metastatic disease.Primary outcomeSurvival (median and mean) after surgery.ResultsThe estimated median survival time after surgery for patients with KPT was 7.4 months (95% CI 6.0 to 8.7) and mean survival time was 21.6 months (95% CI 17.2 to 26.0). For patients with UPT, the median estimated survival time after surgery was 15.6 months (95% CI 7.5 to 23.7) and the mean survival time was 48.1 months (95% CI 37.3 to 59.0) (Breslow, p=0.001). Unknown primary cancer was a positive predictor of survival after surgery (Cox regression, HR=0.58, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73).ConclusionIn this study, patients with spinal metastasis and UPT had a longer expected survival after surgery compared with patients with KPT. This suggests that patients with UPT and spinal metastasis should not be withheld from surgery only based on the fact that the primary tumour is unknown.

The Added Value of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary with [18F]FDG Negative Findings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxin Gu ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Xiaomin Ou ◽  
Zuguang Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays an important role in location of primary tumor for patients with head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP). But sometimes, [18F]FDG PET/CT still cannot find the primary malignancy. As 68Ga-radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT has promising results in detecting different tumor entities, our study aimed to evaluate the performance of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT for detecting the primary tumor in HNCUP patients with negative [18F]FDG findings.Methods A total of eighteen patients (16 males and 2 females; median age, 55 years; range, 24-72 years) with negative [18F]FDG findings were eligible in this study. All patients underwent [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT within one week. Biopsy and histopathological examinations were done in the sites with positive [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT findings. Results [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT detected the primary tumor in 7 of 18 patients (38.89%). The primary tumors sites were in nasopharynx (1/7), palatine tonsil (2/7), submandibular gland (2/7), and hypopharynx (2/7). The primary tumors showed mild to intensive uptake of FAPI (mean SUVmax, 8.79; range, 2.60-16.50) and excellent tumor-to-contralateral normal tissue ratio (mean SUVmax ratio, 4.50; range, 2.17-8.21). In lesion-based analysis, a total of 65 lymph nodes and 17 bone metastatic lesions were identified. The mean SUVmax of lymph node metastases were 9.05 ± 5.29 for FDG and 9.08 ± 4.69 for FAPI (p = 0.975); as for bone metastases, the mean SUVmax were 8.11 ± 3.00 for FDG and 6.96 ± 5.87 for FAPI, respectively (p = 0.478). The mean tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) values of lymph node and bone metastases were 10.65 ± 6.59 vs. 12.80 ± 8.11 (p = 0.100) and 9.08 ± 3.35 vs. 9.14 ± 8.40 (p = 0.976), respectively.Conclusion We present first evidence of diagnostic role of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in HNCUP, and our study demonstrated that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT had the potential to improve the detection rate of primary tumor in HNCUP patients with negative FDG findings. Moreover, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 had similar performance in assessing metastases with [18F]FDG.

scholarly journals The Diminishing Importance of Primary Site Identification in Cancer of Unknown Primary: A Canadian Single-Center Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boaz Wong ◽  
Michael M. Vickers ◽  
Paul Wheatley-Price
Keyword(s):  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Primary Tumor Site ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Site Identification

BackgroundCancer of unknown primary (CUP) describes patients with metastatic disease without an identified primary tumor site. Successful diagnosis and treatment of these patients remains difficult. Published guidelines on CUP have highlighted “favorable” subtype groups. We investigated a series of CUP patients to review adherence to guidelines, and identification of primary cancers or “favorable” subtypes.MethodsPatients with histologically confirmed CUP at an academic institution from 2012 to 2018 were identified. Patient demographics, tumor presentation, diagnostic work-up and treatment information were retrospectively collected from electronic data records for descriptive analysis and compared to published clinical guidelines. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients where the primary site was identified. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with primary site identification. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to determine factors associated with poorer OS.ResultsThree hundred and five patients were included with a median follow-up time of 4.3 months. Primary tumor sites were identified in 109 patients (37.5%), which was most commonly lung cancer (33%). Statistical analyses did not identify any demographic or initial presentation factors associated with identifying the primary or not. More diagnostic tests did not increase the likelihood of primary site identification (P=0.44). Patients with an identified primary did not have longer OS than other patients (median 5.2 months vs. 4.7 months, P=0.47). 57 patients (18.7%) who had a defined “favorable” subtype experienced superior OS (36.6 months vs. 3.8 months; P&lt;0.0001). Further, patients with good prognostic status who followed published treatment guidelines had longer OS (17.6 months vs. 13.2 months; P=0.04).ConclusionsCUP remains a difficult cancer to diagnose and treat. These results suggest identifying the primary has less impact than anticipated, but particular efforts to identify patients with “favorable” subtypes of CUP is important prognostically.

scholarly journals POS1430 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS IN BRAZIL: FINDINGS FROM THE MACUNAÍMA STUDY - A NATIONWIDE MULTICENTRIC STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 999.1-999
Author(s):  
M. Abreu ◽  
O. Monticielo ◽  
V. Fernandes ◽  
A. Cristovão Maiorano ◽  
F. Dos Santos Beserra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Damage Accrual ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background:Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious organic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ethnicity can contribute to disparities in the prevalence and disease activity of LN.Objectives:To assess the prevalence of LN in Brazilian patients with SLE and to determine factors associated with LN activity across the country.Methods:This cross-sectional study (GSK Study 207353) was carried out through face-to-face interviews and review of medical records (12-month study period). Adult patients with SLE (American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria, 1997) were included. Five SLE reference teaching centres were selected: North (NO), Northeast (NE), Midwest (CO), Southeast (SE), and South (SU). Patients with another disease whose morbidity surpassed SLE were excluded. LN was defined as reported in the medical record or history of confirmed renal biopsy; disease activity by pre-defined changes in SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) or the patient’s kidney disease during the study. Activity was assessed during (T0), 6 months before (T6), and 12 months before (T12) the interview. Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index score mapped damage accrual. Two pairings were performed, aiming to discriminate factors associated with LN and its activity, respectively. Matching technique was used to select similar individuals based on propensity scores, obtained from a logistic regression model. A bootstrapping method explored characteristic variables associated with the risk of progressing to LN.Results:Overall, 300 Brazilian patients with SLE were included in the study. Two groups were paired: LN group (N=150) and non-LN group (N = 141). The prevalence of LN in the paired sample (N=291) was 51.5%, with a disparity between centres (p<0.001; Figure 1A). Most patients were female (LN: 92.7%; non-LN: 94.3%) and the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age for the LN and non-LN groups was 39.46 (11.86) and 43.96 (12.18), respectively. History of serositis was associated with the presence of LN (42 [28.0%] vs 21 [14.9%] non-LN; p=0.010). Type IV histological class predominated in both groups, with no disparity between centres. Social disparities were noted between groups. Non-active workers prevailed among the LN group (115 [76.7%] vs 98 [69.5%] for non-LN, p=0.024).When pairing for disease activity at T12, 73 (50.3%) patients with LN (N=145) had active disease. There was regional disparity in terms of disease activity (Figure 1B), with a predominance of active LN in the NO (28 [68.3%]) and SU (16 [55.2%], p=0.026). Type IV histological class was the component most associated with active LN (active: 32 [43.8%]; non-active: 11 [15.3%], p<0.001). Variation in SLEDAI during the study period discriminated between active and non-active LN. The mean (SD) SLEDAI score at T12 was substantially higher in those with active LN compared with non-active LN (7.18 [4.83] vs 2.47 [4.63], p<0.001). As for the pattern of care, corticosteroids users prevailed in those with active LN (62 [84.9%] vs 45 [62.5%] for non-active LN, p=0.004). There was no disparity in the use of immunosuppressants, with the exception of cyclophosphamide use, noted among 16 (21.9%) patients with active LN and 6 (8.3%) patients with non-active LN (p=0.041). Psychotropic or anticonvulsant use was higher in patients with non-active LN (32 [44.4%] vs 17 [23.3%] patients with active LN, p=0.012). Consultation with a neurologist was verified in 15 (20.8%) patients with non-active LN and 6 (8.2%) with active LN (p=0.055). Hospitalisation occurred in 17 patients with non-active (23.6%) and active (23.3%) LN.Conclusion:Disparities in the prevalence of LN and its activity were evident between the regions across Brazil, highlighting differences in clinical factors, regional factors, and patterns of care.Funding:GSKFigure 1.Prevalence of A) LN among regional centres, comparing them to disease activity profile and prescriptive practice, and B) Active and non-active LN according to prescriptive practiceCQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine*At T12Acknowledgements:Medical writing assistance was provided by Helen Taylor, Fishawack Indicia Ltd., UK, part of Fishawack Health, and was funded by GSK.Disclosure of Interests:Mirhelen Abreu Grant/research support from: GSK, Amgen, Biogen, Libbs, Odirlei Monticielo Speakers bureau: GSK, AbbVie, UCB, Roche, Novartis, Consultant of: GSK, AbbVie, Janssen, Vander Fernandes Speakers bureau: Janssen, Novartis, Roche, AbbVie, Pfizer, Grant/research support from: Novartis, GSK, Pfizer, Alexandre Cristovão Maiorano: None declared, Fernando dos Santos Beserra: None declared, Flavia Lamarao Employee of: GSK, Nathalie David Shareholder of: GSK, Employee of: GSK, Bruna de Veras Employee of: GSK, Blanca Bica: None declared, Domingos Sávio Nunes de Lima Grant/research support from: GSK, Marta Maria das Chagas Medeiros: None declared

scholarly journals Factors associated with the use of fashion braces of the Saudi Arabian Youth: application of the Health Belief Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar S. Alhazmi ◽  
Dania E. Al Agili ◽  
Mohammed S. Aldossary ◽  
Shaker M. Hakami ◽  
Bashaer Y. Almalki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Abstract Background In spite of the fact that fashion braces (FBs) have been in the spotlight in recent years among both orthodontists and the general public in several countries, there is still limited evidence regarding FBs. The aim was to identify health-related behaviors in using FBs by considering the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods A cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique was conducted in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The data was obtained from different middle and high schools students, and first-year students at Jazan University. The questionnaire collected data on demographic characteristics and 27 items to examine the constructs of the HBM. Chi Square test was carried out to establish the factors associated with using, the intention to use, and previous knowledge on the use of fashion braces. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the factors associated with the use of fashion braces. Results 406 study participants completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 88.3%. Majority of respondents were males (52.2%) and > 19 years old (44.3%). Only 9.9% students had used the FBs. However, 25.7% of students had the intention to use them. The perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and cues to action constructs scores were fair with the mean values of 15.38 (SD = 9.4), 28.17 (SD = 10.8) and 6.65 (SD = 2.50), respectively. However, the perceived barrier score was high with the mean values of 22.14 (SD = 7.50), and lower score of self-efficacy with mean of 8.73 (SD = 3.30). Gender, age, monthly income (family), and education level were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the use of fashion braces among the study’s participants. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis family income, perceived susceptibility, and risk severity constructs predict the use of fashion braces in the study's sample. Conclusions The current study suggests that the family income, perceived susceptibility, and risk severity of students significantly influence the use of fashion braces. Hence, it is recommended that researchers should investigate effective educational strategies and programs for improving young people’s knowledge about fashion braces and focus more on low family income students so that their using of fashion brace will be decreased.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Smallholder Crop Diversification: A Case Study of Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lighton Dube
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Extension Support

<p>This study analyzes the degree of crop diversification and factors associated with crop diversification among 479 smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo provinces of Zimbabwe. The Herfindahl index used to estimate diversification, while the Tobit model evaluated factors associated with crop diversification.  The mean crop diversity index is 0.54. On average households in Nyanga and Bikita are the most diversified with indices of 0.48 and 0.49 respectively. The most specialized households are in Mutasa and Chiredzi with indices of 0.62. An analysis by gender shows that male headed households are slightly more diversified than female headed households. The Tobit model indicates that gender of head of household, education, number of livestock units, access to irrigation, membership to a farmers group, access to markets, farming experience, farms on flat terrain, farmer to farm extension, routine extension, agro-ecological zone and household income are significant contributors to increasing crop diversification. In turn, crop specialization is significantly associated with off-farm employment, soil fertility, farmers who are happy with extension contacts per year, farmers trained using the farmer field school approach and farmers who receive NGO extension support.</p>

scholarly journals Utilization of laser interstitial thermotherapy guided by real-time thermal MRI as an alternative to separation surgery in the management of spinal metastasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio E. Tatsui ◽  
R. Jason Stafford ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Jonathan N. Sellin ◽  
Behrang Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interstitial Thermotherapy

OBJECT High-grade malignant spinal cord compression is commonly managed with a combination of surgery aimed at removing the epidural tumor, followed by spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) aimed at local tumor control. The authors here introduce the use of spinal laser interstitial thermotherapy (SLITT) as an alternative to surgery prior to SSRS. METHODS Patients with a high degree of epidural malignant compression due to radioresistant tumors were selected for study. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain and quality of life were obtained before and within 30 and 60 days after treatment. A laser probe was percutaneously placed in the epidural space. Real-time thermal MRI was used to monitor tissue damage in the region of interest. All patients received postoperative SSRS. The maximum thickness of the epidural tumor was measured, and the degree of epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) was scored in pre- and postprocedure MRI. RESULTS In the 11 patients eligible for study, the mean VAS score for pain decreased from 6.18 in the preoperative period to 4.27 within 30 days and 2.8 within 60 days after the procedure. A similar VAS interrogating the percentage of quality of life demonstrated improvement from 60% preoperatively to 70% within both 30 and 60 days after treatment. Imaging follow-up 2 months after the procedure demonstrated a significant reduction in the mean thickness of the epidural tumor from 8.82 mm (95% CI 7.38–10.25) before treatment to 6.36 mm (95% CI 4.65–8.07) after SLITT and SSRS (p = 0.0001). The median preoperative ESCC Grade 2 was scored as 4, which was significantly higher than the score of 2 for Grade 1b (p = 0.04) on imaging follow-up 2 months after the procedure. CONCLUTIONS The authors present the first report on an innovative minimally invasive alternative to surgery in the management of spinal metastasis. In their early experience, SLITT has provided local control with low morbidity and improvement in both pain and the quality of life of patients.

Hospitalization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at Tawam Hospital, United Arab Emirates (UAE): Rates, causes, and factors associated with length of stay

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332199008
Author(s):  
Reem Aldarmaki ◽  
Hiba I Al Khogali ◽  
Ali M Al Dhanhani
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
The Mean

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a relapsing and remitting multiorgan disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The survival rate of patients with SLE has recently improved, which was associated with increased morbidity and hospitalization rates. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the rate and causes of hospitalization in patients with SLE and explore factors associated with increased length of stay (LOS). Methods Patients who visited rheumatology clinics (Tawam hospital, United Arab Emirates (UAE)) and fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SLE criteria were identified. Retrospective charts were reviewed to determine previous admissions. Demographic data, reason for hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, number of specialist consultations, medications used, and SLE characteristics at time of admission were collected. The hospitalization rate was calculated as the number of hospitalized patients divided by the total number of patients with the disease. We performed multivariable regression analysis for factors associated with increased LOS. Results A total of 91 patients with SLE (88 women and 3 men) met the inclusion criteria with a mean disease duration of 10.2 years (SD 5.5). A total of 222 admissions were identified, and 66 of 91 patients were admitted at least once. The mean crude hospitalization rate calculated was 29.8%. The primary reason for admission was pregnancy (29%), SLE activity (24%), and infection (20%). When combining primary and secondary reasons, the proportion of admissions due to SLE activity increased to 32%. The mean LOS was 5.9 (SD 6.0) days. About 7% of admitted patients required ICU admission. In multivariable analysis, patients with lupus nephritis, complications during hospitalization, and increased number of specialists consultations and who were admitted to ICU and started new medication were all associated with increased LOS. Conclusion A significant proportion of patients with SLE were hospitalized during their disease course. The hospitalization rate in this study appears to be higher than those reported elsewhere. Disease flare is the leading cause of admission in patients with SLE in this relatively young cohort. Lupus nephritis has been found to be significantly related to longer LOS. Measurements taken to reduce the incidence and severity of flares would likely decrease hospitalization rate and LOS in patients with SLE.

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