Applications of Flory’s Statistical Theory to Ionic Liquids in the Extended Pressure Range and at Different Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Kant ◽  
Subhash Chandra Shrivastava ◽  
Shekhar Srivastava ◽  
J D Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Cohesive Energy Density ◽  
Polarity Index ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Flory’s statistical theory (FST) for the first time, has been applied successfully to two pure ionic liquids, [C3mim][NTf2] and [C5mim][NTf2] over an extended range of pressure (0.10 – 59.9) MPa and at different temperatures (298.15 – 333.15) K . Methods: : Density and sound speed data have been employed to compute a number of useful and important properties of these ionic liquids in the light of FST. Using Flory parameters (P*, T*, V*, P̃, T̃, Ṽ) the expression for the surface tension (σ) has been deduced in the form σ = σ* σ᷉ (Ṽ), σ* and σ᷉ (Ṽ) being the characteristic and reduced values of surface tension. Since the experimental σ of liquids is not known, the validity of FST has been tested by calculating u using four different u-ρ- σ correlations, namely Auerbach (1948), Altenberg (1950) Singh et al (1997) and Modified Auerbach (2016). Results: A number of useful and important properties of ionic liquids, under the varying physical conditions, have been deduced and compared with the observed ones with quite satisfactory agreement. Such properties include Pint, van der Waals constants (a & b), parachor [P], Eötvas constant (kB), energy (∆EV) and heat of vaporization (∆HV), cohesive energy density (ced), polarity index (n) and solubility parameter (δ). Conclusion: Thus the validity of FST to two ionic liquids under the present study, has been confirmed.

Evaluation of Thermodynamic and Optical Properties of Sixteen Ionic Liquids at Different Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakant ◽  
Subhash Chandra Shrivastava ◽  
Shekhar Srivastava ◽  
J D Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Speed ◽  
Cohesive Energy Density ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
First Time

Based on the dimensional analysis ρ-u- thermodynamic and ρ-u- optical properties correlations have been applied to sixteen ionic liquids at different temperatures. The objective of the present work is to employ these relations to ionic liquids. The experimental values of ρ and u have been reported in the literature at different temperatures. We have computed thermal expansivity (α), isothermal compressibility (βT), heat capacities ratio (γ), internal pressure (Pint), pseudo-Grüneisen parameter (Г), energy of vaporization (ΔEV), enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHV), cohesive energy density (ced), solubility parameter (δ), refractive index (n), molar refraction (RM) and polarisability (αp) for these liquids. Results are found to quite satisfactory. Keeping in view of uncertainty in the experimental values of ρ and u, as well as some approximations used, the agreement between experimental and theoretical values is found to be quite satisfactory. The results are discussed critically. Introduction: In the present work, we are applying the ρ-u thermodynamic and ρ-u- optical properties correlations to sixteen ionic liquids to estimate thermodynamic and optical properties at different temperature. The experimental values of ρ and u have been reported in the literature at different temperatures. We have computed α, βT, γ, Pint, Г, ΔEV, ΔHV, ced, δ, n, RM and αp for these liquids. Method: Correlations between density-sound velocity and several thermodynamic properties have been derived on the basis of dimensional analysis On the basis of dimensional analysis, a number of useful and important thermodynamic relations were deduced in terms of density (ρ) and speed of sound (u). Result: Results are found to quite satisfactory. Keeping in view of uncertainty in the experimental values of ρ and u, as well as some approximations used, the agreement between experimental and theoretical values is found to be quite satisfactory. Discussion: Density (ρ) and ultrasonic speed (u) data of sixteen RTILs at different temperatures have been taken from the literature. Calculated values of α, βT, Pint, γ, CP-CV, and, Г obtained from empirical relations. The experimental values of α are given for making a comparative study. Conclusion: Based on the dimensional analysis our recently developed correlations between ρ-u- thermodynamic and ρ-uoptical properties have been found to be quite successful when applied to sixteen ionic liquids for the first time. α, βT, γ, Pint, ΔEVap, ΔHVap, ced, δ as well as RM and αp were calculated at various temperatures.

The Density and Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions of Propionate Ionic Liquids: [C4mim][Pro] and [C6mim][Pro] at Different Temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tong ◽  
Teng-Fei Chen ◽  
Lin-Fu Wang ◽  
Duo Zhang ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Different Temperatures

The Smoulder Stream of Cigarettes / Zur Kenntnis des Glimmstromes von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.

Mapping the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of Ionic Liquids for Monomers, Polymers and Globular Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Pomposo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Solvent Power

Understanding the miscibility behavior of ionic liquid (IL) / monomer, IL / polymer and IL / nanoparticle mixtures is critical for the use of ILs as green solvents in polymerization processes, and to rationalize recent observations concerning the superior solubility of some proteins in ILs when compared to standard solvents. In this work, the most relevant results obtained in terms of a three-component Flory-Huggins theory concerning the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of ILs when compared to traditional non-ionic solvents for monomeric solutes (case I), linear polymers (case II) and globular nanoparticles (case III) are presented. Moreover, useful ESP maps are drawn for the first time for IL mixtures corresponding to case I, II and III. Finally, a potential pathway to improve the miscibility of non-ionic polymers in ILs is also proposed.

scholarly journals Interactions between an Associative Amphiphilic Block Polyelectrolyte and Surfactants in Water: Effect of Charge Type on Solution Properties and Aggregation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Patrizio Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solution Rheology ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
First Time

The study of interactions between polyelectrolytes (PE) and surfactants is of great interest for both fundamental and applied research. These mixtures can represent, for example, models of self-assembly and molecular organization in biological systems, but they are also relevant in industrial applications. Amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes represent an interesting class of PE, but their interactions with surfactants have not been extensively explored so far, most studies being restricted to non-associating PE. In this work, interactions between an anionic amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolyte and different types of surfactants bearing respectively negative, positive and no charge, are investigated via surface tension and solution rheology measurements for the first time. It is evidenced that the surfactants have different effects on viscosity and surface tension, depending on their charge type. Micellization of the surfactant is affected by the presence of the polymer in all cases; shear viscosity of polymer solutions decreases in presence of the same charge or nonionic surfactants, while the opposite charge surfactant causes precipitation. This study highlights the importance of the charge type, and the role of the associating hydrophobic block in the PE structure, on the solution behavior of the mixtures. Moreover, a possible interaction model is proposed, based on the obtained data.

Surface tension measurements with validated accuracy for four 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Klomfar ◽  
Monika Součková ◽  
Jaroslav Pátek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquids
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