Pathological and biochemical index changes in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio exposed to cadmium

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilan Di ◽  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Xinhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is among the most toxic metals and is widely distributed in aquatic environments. Objective: Histopathological lesions and biochemical indices can be used to reflect the toxic effects of cadmium in fish target organs. Methods: In the present study, the common carp Cyprinus carpio was exposed to 0.5 mg/L of CdCl2 for 21 days. Histopathological analyses were performed in the spleen, liver, kidney, gills and head kidney tissues of C. carpio, and tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and observed under an optical microscope. The acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme activities were determined. Results: The results showed that there were various pathological changes in five major tissues of C. carpio. The kidney, gills, and liver were the most affected organs during cadmium exposure, and deformation and disorganization of epithelial cells, vacuolization formation, serious hemorrhages and necrosis were also observed. In addition, 0.5 mg/L cadmium exposure significantly increased serum lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities and inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity. The present study showed that cadmium stress causes significant pathological tissue changes and influences lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities in C. carpio. Acid phosphatase and lysozyme activities are sensitive to cadmium. Conclusion: In conclusion, the toxicity of cadmium caused varying degrees of pathological and biochemical changes in fish tissues in C. carpio.

Soil enzyme activities following paper sludge addition in a winter cabbage-sweet corn rotation

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gagnon ◽  
R. Lalande ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
M. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Arylsulfatase Activity ◽  
Papermill Sludge ◽  
Soil Acid Phosphatase

Combined primary and secondary papermill sludge (PS) is a good source of C and other nutrients for soils devoted to intensive horticultural production. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PS, spring-applied alone or in combination with ammonium nitrate (AN), on the enzymatic activity of a Bedford clay (Humic Gleysol) in the province of Québec, Canada. The experiment was started in 1996 with winter cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and continued in 1997 and 1998 on the same plots with sweet corn (Zea mays L.). The PS was applied at 0 (control), 8, 16, 32 and 65 Mg ha−1 in 1996 and at 44% of these rates in 1997. No sludge was applied in 1998. Additional treatments consisted of AN applied yearly at 100% of the plant N requirements and a PS and AN combination. Soil arylsulfatase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured at three different times in each growing season. The PS rate linearly increased the soil acid phosphatase activity in all 3 yr. In contrast, the alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities were enhanced in 1997 by the 8–16 Mg PS ha−1 treatments, whereas larger amounts of PS showed activity comparable to the control. The second PS application promoted phosphatase activities mostly in fall, but did not sustain arylsulfatase activity. The AN gave lower phosphatase activities than PS, and depressed arylsulfatase. Addition of AN to PS increased only acid phosphatase activity as compared with PS alone or the control. This study indicated that addition of PS improved enzyme activity of this horticultural soil but rates in excess to 32 Mg ha−1 may be detrimental. Key words: Papermill sludge, soil enzyme, cabbage, corn

Enzyme activity of zhargalant farm soil, central province of Mongolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Bayarmaa J ◽  
Purev D
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Field Soils

We conducted monitoring analysis of cellulase, saccharase, protease, urease, acid and alcaline phosphatase activities of Zhargalant farm soil, Central province of Mongolia. From the results it is clear seen that for the year activity of cellulase, protease and urease are increased but activity of saccharase decreased. The activity of acid phosphatase on control, wheat and nearby wheat field soils decreased but on rape and nearby rape fields its activity increased. About alkaline phosphatase its activity decreased on control and soil of wheat field, on soils of nearby wheat, rape and nearby rape fields its activity increased. For the field where seeding crops did not produces there was positive correlation between humus and enzyme activity, but for the soils were the crops were sown this correlation changes depending on the enzymes. This trend is also observed for the soils of nearby fields.

ENZYMORPHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS IN THE UTERUS AND VAGINA OF CASTRATE RATS RECEIVING OVARIAN HORMONES

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masando Hayashi ◽  
William H. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histochemical Localization ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Phosphatase Alkaline

ABSTRACT The early changes in the histochemical localization of β-glucuronidase, α-naphthy esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase (DPNH-diaphorase) were investigated in the uterus and the vagina of castrate rats following treatment with 17β-oestradiol alone, and with progesterone in animals previously primed with oestradiol. Marked alterations in the intensity and location of β-glucuronidase, esterase and alkaline phosphatase occur in the vagina only two hours after the injection of oestrogen. On the other hand, the change in DPNH-diaphorase or acid phosphatase is much slower in making its appearance. Progesterone accelerates these effects in animals previously primed with small doses of oestrogen. Among the changes observed, the most characteristic are the ones occurring in the β-glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase activities of the vagina.

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